卵巢女性化性索间质性肿瘤39例临床病理分析

重新复查我院1960～1980年收治原诊为卵巢女性化性索间质性肿瘤39例的病理切片,可疑者再切片作特殊染色,复查后纠正了11例误诊病例,对确诊的28例的临床表现、病理特征、随访结果及预后等进行了分析。讨论了误诊病例的病理后,建议此类肿瘤中的粒层细胞瘤命名为“恶性粒层细胞瘤”,其恶性度与细胞分级密切相关,预后与卵巢外扩散及治疗是否彻底相关。     

Involvement of doctors in torture: conclusions and recommendations

In 1984 the Council of the British Medical Association set up a working party, chaired by J.P. Quillam, to investigate claims that doctors in some countries were cooperating with the use of torture as a routine instrument of repression. The conclusions and recommendations of the working party's recently published report are reproduced here, along with a list of the members of the working party. Among the report's conclusions [which are reproduced also in the British Medical Journal 1986 Mar 15; 292(6522): 781-782] are that doctors have a responsibility to support any practitioner who refuses to keep silent about abuses of human rights, to check for signs of physical abuse of prisoners, and to publicize any violations of the Declaration of Tokyo. Physicians are also encouraged to offer their services to organizations such as the Medical Foundation for the Care of Victims of Torture.     

The role of surgery in transmitting ≪ post-transfusion hepatitis ≫

The role of surgery as an additional risk in transmitting post-transfusion hepatitis was investigated in a retrospective study on acute hepatitis occurring in 77 transfused patients, 293 transfused and operated patients and 243 hepatitis cases with history of surgery without transfusion.Hepatitis A patients admitted to the same centres in the same period were utilized as controls. In transfused patients the percentage of NANB hepatitis was higher than that of type B (61.0% vs. 36.4%), while in the operated not transfused group the percentage of type B was twice that of type NANB (63.4% vs. 32.5%).In transfused and operated cases intermediate values were observed. The age-adjusted measures of association between exposures and the different hepatitis types showed a lack of effect of transfusion and a dominant role of surgery in transmitting type B hepatitis. In contrast, NANB post-transfusional cases were actually a mixture of post-transfusional and post-surgical cases, since both these exposures were found to be significantly associated with the disease.Our results suggest that studies on the incidence and the etiology of post-transfusion hepatitis should take into account the risk of surgical exposure which might have occurred.Corresponding author.     

Tumor nuclear grade,estrogen receptor,and progesterone receptor: Their value alone or in combination as indicators of outcome following adjuvant therapy for breast cancer

Summary Previous reports by us have shown that the outcome of breast cancer patients who have received systemic adjuvant therapy is influenced by tumor estrogen or progesterone receptor (ER or PR) content or by nuclear grade. This publication provides information regarding the relative merit of those three markers. Findings from patients receiving L-PAM plus 5-FU (PF) or PF plus tamoxifen (PFT) indicate that the disease-free survival and survival within each regimen was almost identical when related to either ER, PR, or nuclear grade. Those having tumors with either of the receptors 10 fmol or a good nuclear grade had a better outcome through five postoperative years than did those with ER or PR 0–9 fmol or poor nuclear grade. The magnitude of the difference was similar for each of the three discriminants. Since they were found to be of equal predictive value, one marker might well serve as a substitute for another. Cox regression analyses, however, clearly indicate that ER, PR, and nuclear grade have an independent influence on outcome and that a more accurate assessment of outcome is obtained when more than one marker is employed. Thus, information should be obtained on as many markers as possible. This conclusion is supported by observations presented which indicate that nuclear grade in combination with either or both of the receptors is a better predictor than either marker alone and that, as indicated by life table probability values and relative odds ratios, an increasing number of favorable tumor prognostic indicators results in a better patient outcome particularly in PFT-treated patients. A possible explanation is considered for why the separation of receptor/nuclear grade categories is more orderly and pronounced in PF-treated patients receiving tamoxifen than in those given PF alone. See Appendix I     

The POSCH data processing experience

Metadata, the term, may be new but metadata, the concept, is not new. For purposes of this paper, the term metadata is defined as the data used to define, store, retrieve, combine, analyze, and present the data values (the “real” data, so to speak). As clinical research studies get larger, it becomes desirable to use automated managers of the metadata. The Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH), a national multiclinic clinical trial, manages most of its metadata manually but has been experimenting with ways to more fully automate them. Its Information Management System (IMS) is described with special emphasis on how it manages the metadata. The case is presented for further automation and standardization of metadata in large clinical research studies so that costs can be contained and smaller increments of “progress” can be measured. The concept of a Metadatabase Management System (MDBMS) is developed and illustrated using POSCH.     

梗阻性黄疸大鼠血清内毒素水平与生长激素／生长激素结合蛋白的关系

目的：探讨梗阻性黄疸大鼠血清内毒素水平与生长激素／生长激素结合蛋白的关系。方法：复制大鼠胆道梗阻－再通模型,对胆道再通前1d、术后1,3,7d的浆生长激素、生长激素结合蛋白、胰岛素样生长因子－I、内毒素、肝功能及前白蛋白水平进行检测,并与假手术组（对照组）进行对照。结果：生长激素、生长激素结合蛋白、胰岛素样生长因子－I在胆道梗阻组较对照组显著降低（P＜0．01） ,并与黄疸程度、内毒素水平、前白蛋白相关（P＜0．01）。结论：梗阻性黄疸大鼠生长激素／生长激素结合蛋白存在明显下降,其原因可能与营养障碍、内毒素血症引起的生长激素受体表达受抑有关,并可进一步加重营养障碍和内毒素血症,是介导梗阻性黄疸病理生理改变的重要因素。     

心房颤动者并发脑梗死相关因素分析

目的 心房颤动是一种常见的心律失常,其并发症包括脑梗死等。国外 对此已经进行了广泛的研究。国内关于此方面的研究较少。本研究分析了心房颤动患者脑梗死发生的危险因素,筛选高危患者,指导临床干预。方法 结合186例慢性心房颤动患者的临床特点,分析不同性别、年龄、病因、并发高血压、糖尿病、心脏瓣膜钙化以及心房大小对房颤并发梗死的影响。结果本研究分析表明：风湿性心脏病（二尖瓣狭窄）、高血压、糖尿病、心脏瓣膜钙化是房颤并发脑梗死的高危因素,性别、年龄对房颤并发脑梗死无显著影响。结论 对于心房颤动并发风湿性心脏病（二尖瓣狭窄）、高血压、糖尿病、心脏瓣膜钙化的患者容易发生脑梗死,可能需要进行抗血栓治疗,预防脑梗死的发生。     

止血汤治疗血友病甲后凝血指标的变化

目的：探讨中药止血汤治疗血友病患后血浆凝血酶原时间／国际标准化比率（PT／INR）、部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、简易凝血活酶生成时间（STGT）、凝血酶时间（TT）、凝血因子Ⅷ活性（FⅧ：C）等凝血指标的变化及其临床意义。方法：用中药止血汤治疗13例血友病甲患,治疗前、后分别用凝血一期法测定PT、APTT、FⅧ：C、STGT等指标。结果;治疗后病人的临床症状明显好转,PT、APTT、STGT较治疗前缩短,FⅧ：C增高,但治疗后与正常组相比较,APTT、STGT显延长,FⅧ：C处低水平。结论：止血汤治疗血友病有效的机理可能为：通过低调TFPI水平增强外源性凝血途径,补偿内源性凝血途径功能的缺陷。     

胃癌前病变及癌组织中CD44v6的表达

目的 :探讨CD44v6蛋白表达与胃癌发生发展的关系。方法 :采用免疫组化SP法检测CD44v6蛋白在各级胃粘膜病变和胃癌组织中的表达。结果 :CD44v6蛋白阳性表达率胃癌组织高于胃炎及不典型增生病变组织(P <0 .0 5 ) ,进展期胃癌显著高于早期胃癌组织 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,伴淋巴结转移和肝转移的胃癌组织明显高于无转移的胃癌组织 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :CD44v6蛋白表达与胃癌的发生发展密切相关 ,其检测有助于胃癌的早期诊断 ,转移预测和预后判断     

The Liver Retransplantation Risk Score: a prognostic model for survival after adult liver retransplantation

High-risk combinations of recipient and graft characteristics are poorly defined for liver retransplantation (reLT) in the current era. We aimed to develop a risk model for survival after reLT using data from the European Liver Transplantation Registry, followed by internal and external validation. From 2006 to 2016, 85 067 liver transplants were recorded, including 5581 reLTs (6.6%). The final model included seven predictors of graft survival: recipient age, model for end-stage liver disease score, indication for reLT, recipient hospitalization, time between primary liver transplantation and reLT, donor age, and cold ischemia time. By assigning points to each variable in proportion to their hazard ratio, a simplified risk score was created ranging 0–10. Low-risk (0–3), medium-risk (4–5), and high-risk (6–10) groups were identified with significantly different 5-year survival rates ranging 56.9% (95% CI 52.8–60.7%), 46.3% (95% CI 41.1–51.4%), and 32.1% (95% CI 23.5–41.0%), respectively (P < 0.001). External validation showed that the expected survival rates were closely aligned with the observed mortality probabilities. The Retransplantation Risk Score identifies high-risk combinations of recipient- and graft-related factors prognostic for long-term graft survival after reLT. This tool may serve as a guidance for clinical decision-making on liver acceptance for reLT.