丹参对激素性股骨头坏死的疗效及作用机制的研究概述

通过对相关文献归纳总结,从中西医两个方面论述激素性股骨头坏死的机制,介绍丹参的药理学研究,分析其对激素性股骨头坏死(Steroid-induced Avasulat Necrosis of the Fcromal Head)的疗效及作用机制,即疏通微循环、改善血液性能、发挥类雌激素作用等。总结丹参与其他疗法耦合对股骨头坏死的效果。     

Rituals That Reflect and Honor Life

Abstract

In a study of rock music preferences, listening/watching behavior, and views on destructive rock lyrics, 894 adolescents in grades 9 through 12 in rural, urban, suburban public, and metropolitan parochial schools were administered a questionnaire. Demographic information on parents was also collected. It was found that 17.5% of the students were fans of rock music with lyrics that promote homicide, suicide, or satanic practices (HSSR). Loglinear and multiple regression analyses were used to analyze the data. Parents' marital status, student sex, race, and school environment (urban, rural, suburban, etc.) were found to be significant predictors of HSSR status. As compared with non-HSSR fans, the HSSR fans were more likely to have parents who were “Never married” or “Remarried” and less likely to have parents in the “married” category. The HSSR fans were more likely to be male, white, and enrolled in urban schools but not parochial schools than expected; HSSR status also significantly predicted other music-related attitudes and behaviors. The HSSR fans reported liking both the sound and the lyrics of rock music more often than did non-HSSR fans, as did females and urban students. The HSSR fans more often felt that children under 10 years of age should be allowed to listen to HSSR lyrics, and they more frequently expressed the conviction that HSSR music does not affect adolescents' homicidal or self-destructive behavior. The HSSR fans and females reported more nearly complete knowledge of lyrics than did non-HSSR fans and males. The HSSR fans reported that they watch more MTV than did any other group except rural students.     

Justifications and Rationalizations for the Civil Commitment of Sex Offenders

In response to rising community concern about the release of convicted child sex offenders, most states of Australia have enacted legislation to use civil commitment proceedings to extend detention and supervision after the expiry of the original sentences. This article considers the arguments for and against this form of legislation.

The arguments in favour of the civil commitment of sex offenders are for further treatment so as to decrease the likelihood of child sex assaults once the offender is released, in order to prevent child sex offences during the period of extended detention, and because previous sentences are seen to be inadequate according to current community standards. We then consider the arguments against preventative detention, which include abandoning the presumption of innocence with regard to future offences and the high probability of detaining some offenders who will not reoffend because of the unreliability of risk assessment.

We express our concerns about laws that overthrow longstanding legal principles and pass much of the responsibility for decisions regarding commitment from courts to psychiatrists. Despite the unsatisfactory nature of these laws and the cumbersome procedure required to administer them, the political reality is that these laws are unlikely to ever be repealed. Hence we also consider how the laws should be applied.