Genotoxicity assessment using micronuclei assay in rheumatoid arthritis patients

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether: (i) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have more micronuclei (MN) than healthy controls; (ii) methotrexate (MTX) treated RA patients have more MN than those not using MTX, and (iii) folic acid supplementation decreases the number of MN in MTX treated patients. METHODS: MN assays were performed in oral mucosa sweeps of 50 consecutive MTX treated RA patients, 30 consecutive RA patients not receiving MTX and 39 healthy controls. MTX treated RA patients were then randomly placed in a cross-over design to receive folic acid supplementation, and MN assays were repeated after 6 weeks. RESULTS: The MTX-RA patients had a mean age of 46 +/- 10 yrs and a mean disease duration of 12 +/- 9 yrs; 80% were women. The MTX dose range was 8.7 +/- 1.5 mg/week and the mean duration of use was 16 +/- 18 months. In the non-MTX RA group, the mean age was 48 +/- 14 yrs, the mean disease duration was 13 +/- 9 yrs, and 87% were women. At baseline, the number of MN were significantly higher in RA patients as compared with controls (3.31 +/- 2.3 vs 0.8 +/- 0.8, p <0.001). No difference in MN numbers was observed between users and non-users of MTX. Folic acid supplementation did not decrease the MN number in the MTX treated RA patients. CONCLUSIONS: Genotoxicity, as assessed by the MN assay, is increased in RA patients. These results suggest that genotoxicity is associated with RA itself and not with MTX use. Folic acid supplementation had no effect on the number of MN.     

The estrogen receptor is not essential for all estrogen neuroprotection: new evidence from a new analog

We synthesized an estrogen analog, ZYC-5, lacking activity at the classical estrogen receptor and examined its neuroprotective potential against necrosis induced by N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and apoptosis/necrosis induced by the NMDA receptor antagonist (+)-3-(2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP). ZYC-5 protected cortical neurons in a dose-dependent manner, and the neuroprotection was more robust than with 17beta-estradiol. The effect of ZYC-5 was not mediated by the classical estrogen receptor, because it was unaffected by the antagonists 4-hydroxytamoxifen and ICI 182,780. The ZYC-5 protection against excitotoxicity was not directly mediated through the NMDA receptor, because there was no effect of ZYC-5 on NMDA current or the intracellular calcium increase induced by NMDA. Results obtained with the free-radical-sensitive dye, dihydroethidium, suggested that the neuroprotection of ZYC-5 was partly related to its radical scavenging properties. Although some of estrogen's neuroprotective effects may depend upon the estrogen receptor, our results suggest the possibility of neuroprotection without hormonal side effects.     

中医学专业本科生毕业考核方案的思考

医学生毕业考核是对医学生是否达到培养目标的评价,是检验教学效果、评估教学质量、改进教学工作的有效手段。对照本科医学教育"全球最低基本要求"和《中医学本科教育标准》,结合中医执业医师资格考试要求,分析我校中医学专业本科生毕业考核方案存在的问题,提出加强综合素质考评、优化考核内容、注重平时考核、改革考核方法等解决对策。     

新疆哈萨克族隔离群血管紧张素转换酶基因I/D多态性与高血压病的关系

目的 探讨哈萨克族人群血管紧张素转换酶(angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)基因第16内含子中的插入／缺失(insertion／deletion，I／D)多态性是否为高血压病(essential hypertension，EH)的遗传易患因素。方法 应用聚合酶链反应检测了新疆巴里坤县201例哈萨克族高血压病患者和151名正常人的ACE基因16内含子I／D多态性。结果 哈萨克族正常人群及高血压患者的ACE基因I／D多态性DD、ID、Ⅱ基因型频率分布分别为0．17、0．43、0．40和0．18、0．52、0．30，D和I等位基因分布频率分别为0．39和0．61和0．44、0．56，符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。群体相关分析结果表明，ACE基因的D及I等位基因分布在高血压病组及正常血压组的差异无显著性(x^2＝1．98，P＝0.16)；基因型频率之间差异也无显著性(x^2＝4．0，P＝0．14)。结论 ACE基因16内含子I／D多态性可能与新疆巴里坤哈萨克族高血压病无关。     

中国百日咳鲍特菌血清型及其相关基因分析

目的 了解我国1955-2005年临床分离百日咳鲍特菌及疫苗株的血清型及其相关基因特征.方法 应用抗菌毛蛋白2(fim2)和3(fim3)单克隆抗体凝集反应分析我国不同时期分离的80株百日咳鲍特菌株和3株疫苗株的血清型,并与相应的多克隆抗体方法进行比较分析;同时应用PCR方法扩增这些菌株fim2和fimd基因,并对这些PCR产物进行DNA测序分析.结果 研究表明,与多克隆抗体分析结果相比较,单克隆抗体玻片凝集方法和微量凝集反应除一株临床分离株的血清型分析结果不同,其余菌株的结果均一致.研究菌株的血清型分析结果显示17株临床分离菌株和CS与P3S10疫苗株的血清型为fim2&3型、48株菌为fim2型、15株分离菌株与18530疫苗株为fim3型.在我国扩大免疫规划前分离菌株的血清型以fim2型和fim2&3型为主,随着大范围的百日咳疫苗接种,临床分离菌株中fimd型血清型细菌所占的比例逐渐增多.分析菌株中fim2和fimd的基因型以fim2-1(92.5%)和fim3-A(95.0%)亚型为主;18530疫苗株基因型为fim2-2和fim3-A,而其他两株疫苗株的基因型均为fim2-1和fim3-A.在2000年以后,分离出现含有fim3-B和fim3-D亚型菌株,这些结果表明随着我国大范围百日咳疫苗免疫接种,百日咳分离菌株表达的血清型及其基因序列也出现适应性变异.结论 本研究证实了抗fim2和fim3单克隆抗体在百日咳血清型分析的特异性和实用性.对我国不同时期分离菌株和疫苗株的血清型分析,为我国百日咳疫苗株的检定、流行病学和细菌进化的研究奠定了基础.     

Decreased phosphorylation and protein expression of ERK1/2 in the brain of hypoxic preconditioned mice

Accumulated reports have suggested that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms may involve the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) in the neuronal response to hypoxic stimuli. We have previously demonstrated that the membrane translocation or activation of conventional PKC (cPKC) betaII, gamma and novel PKC (nPKC) varepsilon are increased in the early phase of cerebral hypoxic preconditioning in mice. However, the role of ERK1/2 in the development of cerebral hypoxic preconditioning is unclear. In the current study, we used Western blot analysis to investigate the effects of repetitive hypoxic exposure (H0-H6, n=6 for each group) on the levels of phosphorylation and protein expression of ERK1/2 in the frontal cortex and the whole hippocampus of mice. We found that the levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2, not protein expression of ERK1/2, decreased significantly in both cortex and hippocampus of the early hypoxic preconditioned mice (H1-H4), when compared to that of the normoxic group (p<0.05). In addition, a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the ERK1/2 protein expression, not the phosphorylated form of ERK1/2, was found both in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of mice followed hypoxia with previous hypoxia (H5 and H6). These results suggest that the decreased phosphorylation and downregulation of protein expression of ERK1/2 might be involved in the development of hypoxic preconditioning.     

中山市美容美发行业卫生状况及检测结果分析

目的:了解中山市美容美发店卫生状况,为卫生监督监测和相应技术指导提供依据。方法:随机抽取2008年中山市美发店494家、美容店131家公共用品卫生检测资料进行分析。结果:美发业毛巾细菌总数合格率84.87%低于美容业91.02%;美发业公共用品大肠菌群合格率89.00%低于美容业98.15%;其中毛巾污染情况存在季节差异,春季最为严重,使用消毒剂清洗后,毛巾细菌总数和大肠菌群合格率显著高于机械清洁(P0.001)。结论:中山市美容美发公共用品卫生存在一些隐患,应加强卫生监督和相应技术指导。     

成人先天性肺囊性腺瘤样畸形伴类癌一例

患者女,66岁.因反复咯血、咳嗽40余年,再发10 d于2005年11月7日入院.胸部MRI示左肺下叶大部分肺段见大小不一囊状影,囊壁厚,囊内未见明显液平面(图1);右肺下叶、中叶部分肺段见多个囊状影,壁薄,未见液平.考虑原发性囊状支气管扩张,不除外肺囊肿.术中见左肺下叶稍粘连,肺裂发育不好,泛红,含气不全.     

膝关节髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合症MRI诊断及临床治疗的相关性研究

目的 探讨膝关节髌内侧滑膜皱襞增生,引起的髌股关节撞击MRI影像特点,为临床提供更多的诊断依据,更好的为患者提供诊疗评估。方法 选取2016年9月~2016年12月膝关节磁共振髌内侧皱襞增生患者49例,按照Sakakibara法分型研究分析。结果 49例患者中,其中3例患者行双膝关节MRI平扫,且双膝关节髌内侧滑膜皱襞均增生,总共52例滑膜皱襞综合症。其中A、B型为19例,C、D型为33例。其中12例C、D型患者均有前膝疼痛症状,部分可见髌股关节面骨质水肿,内侧滑膜皱襞游离缘毛糙,考虑病理性滑膜皱襞综合症占比36.36%。结论 除去膝关节疼痛的常见因素,A、B型滑膜皱襞综合症患者无明显临床症状,C、D型滑膜皱襞综合症患者有临床意义。MRI检查能够明确诊断滑膜皱襞综合症,有助于指导临床诊治以及多次无创随访。