全文获取类型
收费全文 | 370篇 |
免费 | 20篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1篇 |
儿科学 | 14篇 |
妇产科学 | 8篇 |
基础医学 | 34篇 |
口腔科学 | 6篇 |
临床医学 | 30篇 |
内科学 | 100篇 |
皮肤病学 | 1篇 |
神经病学 | 47篇 |
特种医学 | 41篇 |
外科学 | 26篇 |
综合类 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 25篇 |
眼科学 | 2篇 |
药学 | 40篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 13篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 4篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 4篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 7篇 |
2013年 | 11篇 |
2012年 | 23篇 |
2011年 | 22篇 |
2010年 | 11篇 |
2009年 | 19篇 |
2008年 | 14篇 |
2007年 | 28篇 |
2006年 | 11篇 |
2005年 | 17篇 |
2004年 | 13篇 |
2003年 | 14篇 |
2002年 | 10篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 10篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 12篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有391条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
21.
Boursier J de Ledinghen V Zarski JP Fouchard-Hubert I Gallois Y Oberti F Calès P;multicentric groups from SNIFF VINDIAG ANRS/HC/EP FIBROSTAR studies 《Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)》2012,55(1):58-67
The sequential algorithm for fibrosis evaluation (SAFE) and the Bordeaux algorithm (BA), which cross-check FibroTest with the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) or FibroScan, are very accurate but provide only a binary diagnosis of significant fibrosis (SAFE or BA for Metavir F ≥ 2) or cirrhosis (SAFE or BA for F4). Therefore, in clinical practice, physicians have to apply the algorithm for F ≥ 2, and then, when needed, the algorithm for F4 ("successive algorithms"). We aimed to evaluate successive SAFE, successive BA, and a new, noninvasive, detailed classification of fibrosis. The study included 1785 patients with chronic hepatitis C, liver biopsy, blood fibrosis tests, and FibroScan (the latter in 729 patients). The most accurate synchronous combination of FibroScan with a blood test (FibroMeter) provided a new detailed (six classes) classification (FM+FS). Successive SAFE had a significantly (P < 10(-3) ) lower diagnostic accuracy (87.3%) than individual SAFE for F ≥ 2 (94.6%) or SAFE for F4 (89.5%), and required significantly more biopsies (70.8% versus 64.0% or 6.4%, respectively, P < 10(-3) ). Similarly, successive BA had significantly (P ≤ 10(-3) ) lower diagnostic accuracy (84.7%) than individual BA for F ≥ 2 (88.3%) or BA for F4 (94.2%), and required significantly more biopsies (49.8% versus 34.6% or 24.6%, respectively, P < 10(-3) ). The diagnostic accuracy of the FM+FS classification (86.7%) was not significantly different from those of successive SAFE or BA. However, this new classification required no biopsy. CONCLUSION: SAFE and BA for significant fibrosis or cirrhosis are very accurate. However, their successive use induces a significant decrease in diagnostic accuracy and a significant increase in required liver biopsy. A new fibrosis classification that synchronously combines two fibrosis tests was as accurate as successive SAFE or BA, while providing an entirely noninvasive (0% liver biopsy) and more precise (six versus two or three fibrosis classes) fibrosis diagnosis. 相似文献
22.
Dantas AM Mohn CE Burdet B Zorrilla Zubilete M Mandalunis PM Elverdin JC Fernández-Solari J 《Archives of oral biology》2012,57(9):1211-1217
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the short term effect of ethanol administration on periodontal disease in rats.DesignRats received either ethanol 2 g/kg or water by gastric gavage twice a day. On the fifth day ligatures were tied around the molars of half of the rats to induce periodontitis. After 7 days gingival tissue was removed and assayed for inflammatory markers. Finally, hemi-mandibles were extracted to evaluate bone loss by histomorphometrical techniques.ResultsThe experimental periodontitis increased significantly the mRNA expression (p < 0.001) and activity (p < 0.001) of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the gingival tissue, whilst short time ethanol administration increased iNOS activity (p < 0.05) and produced an additive effect on iNOS mRNA expression augmented by periodontitis (p < 0.01). The short time ethanol administration also potentiated the periodontitis stimulatory effect on the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, in semi-quantitative and real time PCR, respectively) and on the height of periodontal ligament (p < 0.05). However, the ligature-induced periodontitis, but not ethanol administration, increased the prostaglandin E2 content (p < 0.05) and, diminished the alveolar bone volume (p < 0.05), as compared to sham rats.ConclusionThe present results suggest that ethanol consumption could represent a risk indicator for periodontal disease since augments the expression of inflammatory markers, in healthy rats, and increases them, at short term, during the illness. However, scale longitudinal investigation and more case–control studies are needed to confirm this statement. 相似文献
23.
Clinical response and tolerability to and safety of saquinavir with low-dose ritonavir in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected mothers and their infants
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Zorrilla CD Van Dyke R Bardeguez A Acosta EP Smith B Hughes MD Huang S Watts DH Heckman B Jiménez E McSherry G Mofenson L 《Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy》2007,51(6):2208-2210
Saquinavir boosted with low-dose ritonavir given with zidovudine and lamivudine was well tolerated by pregnant women and their infants. All mothers had <400 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA copies/ml at delivery. Two had elevated liver transaminases and amylase. Seven infant adverse events were possibly treatment related (anemia, neutropenia, and hyperbilirubinemia). 相似文献
24.
Javier Caballero‐Gmez Ignacio García Bocanegra Flix Gmez‐Guillamn Leonor Camacho‐Sillero Irene Zorrilla Pedro Lopez‐Lopez David Cano‐Terriza Saúl Jimnez‐Ruiz Mario Frias Antonio Rivero‐Juarez 《Transboundary and Emerging Diseases》2020,67(4):1422-1427
In recent decades, cases of autochthonous hepatitis E (HE) have sharply increased in European countries where foodborne transmission is considered the main route of HE virus (HEV) transmission. Although rabbits are considered the main reservoir of the zoonotic HEV‐3ra subtype, information on the role of wild lagomorphs in the epidemiology of HEV remains scarce. The aim of this study therefore was to assess the circulation of HEV in European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and Iberian hares (Lepus granatensis), the most important lagomorph species in Spanish Mediterranean ecosystems. Liver samples from 372 wild rabbits and 78 Iberian hares were analysed using a broad‐spectrum RT‐PCR that detects HEV genotypes 1–8. None of the 450 lagomorphs tested were positive for HEV infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess HEV circulation in wild rabbits in Spain and the first to evaluate HEV infection in Iberian hares. Our results indicate absence of HEV circulation in wild rabbits and Iberian hares in southern Spain during the study period, which suggests that the risk of transmission of HEV from wild lagomorphs to other species, including humans, is low. 相似文献
25.
26.
27.
Spina MG Merlo-Pich E Akwa Y Balducci C Basso AM Zorrilla EP Britton KT Rivier J Vale WW Koob GF 《Psychopharmacology》2002,160(2):113-121
RATIONALE: Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and urocortin (Ucn) belong to the CRF-related family, share a high degree of structural homology and bind to CRF receptors. However, compared with CRF, Ucn was shown to display either weaker or similar anxiogenic-like effects in vivo. OBJECTIVE: To compare the anxiogenic-like responses of rats injected intracerebroventricularly (ICV) with different doses of either rat/human CRF (r/hCRF) or rat Ucn (rUcn) at different intervals after injection. METHODS: Rats were tested on three validated paradigms of emotional behavior [i.e. elevated plus-maze (EPM), defensive withdrawal (DW) and conflict test (CT)] 5 and 30 min after treatment. RESULTS: In the EPM test only r/hCRF, but not rUcn, produced anxiogenic-like effects at the dose of 1.0 microg, when the peptides were injected 5 min before testing. At 30 min after injection, both peptides caused a significant reduction of open arms exploration, rUcn being effective at 0.01 microg. In the DW test both peptides were equally potent in decreasing the exploratory behavior and increasing the time spent in the chamber at the dose of 1.0 microg when tested 30 min after injection. In the CT both rUcn (0.25-1.0 microg) and r/hCRF (0.75-1.0 microg) decreased significantly the responding in the punished component. However, rUcn reduced food responding also in the unpunished component possibly due to its powerful anorectic activity. CONCLUSIONS: Comparison of anxiogenic-like activities of r/hCRF and rUcn at doses up to 1.0 microg revealed striking differential effects that depended on the time of testing after ICV peptide injection, and on the paradigm of anxiety used. These results suggest that the onset of r/hCRF and rUcn actions related to behavioral responses to anxiety is likely to depend on brain peptide-specific mechanisms including binding properties to CRF-receptors, differential distribution to specific functional brain sites and the distribution and effectiveness of binding-protein interactions. 相似文献
28.
Andrés Felipe Cardona Zorrilla Ludovic Reveiz Herault Alexandra Casasbuenas Diego Mauricio Aponte Pedro Luis Ramos 《Clinical & translational oncology》2006,8(1):31-38
Introduction Neutropenic enterocolitis (NEC) is a well recognised clinical-pathological and life-threatening complication in patients suffering
from several conditions, including solid and haematological malignancies or aplastic anaemia.
Objective This review was aimed at evaluating overall NEC mortality rate, describing clinical diagnostic findings and therapeutical
interventions reported in the literature and generating a hypothesis regarding factors influencing mortality and surgical
intervention.
Materials and Methods An advanced search was made in Medline, Embase, Lilacs and Google. Additional strategies included manual search of specific
journals. Reports were considered if they described case definition, inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results. 275 cases were selected; 109 were from individual data and 40 from grouped data. Comparing data between case reports and
case series revealed no significant differences related to mortatity, surgical intervention, sex or age. Higher mortality
(χ2=7.51 p=0.006) was found in women (50%) compared to men (28%). No significant difference was found between antibiotic combinations
and mortality (χ2=12.85 df 13 p=0.45).
Mortality (χ2=3.89 df 1, p=0.049), surgical intervention (χ2=7.64 df 1, p=0.006) and duration of diarrhoea (χ2=4.71 df 1, p=0.045) were significantly different in 26.4% of individuals using antifungal agents; death occurred in 81% of
patients! who did not receive such medication compared to 19% individuals reported as being treated with antifungal agents.
Conclusion The current evidence suggests that antifungal agents should be used early in patients suffering from NEC. However, this hypothesis
must be evaluated in multi-centric, randomised controlled trials. 相似文献
29.
A Aronstam B Congard DI Evans CF Gazengel U Herberg FG Hill PM Jones R Ljung EP Mauser-Bunschoten E Scheibel 《Archives of disease in childhood》1993,68(4):521-524
Ten haemophilia centres in northern Europe have pooled data on 202 haemophilic children who were infected with HIV between 1979 and 1986. All cases were under 16 years of age on 1 July 1985. The age at infection ranged from 1-15 years. Thirty seven cases (18%) had progressed to AIDS by 1 July 1991 and 15 of these have died. Persistent generalised lymphadenopathy has been noted in 102 patients of whom 18 (17%) have developed AIDS. Twenty three of the remaining patients (23%) have not. CD4+ T cell counts have fallen steadily. Of 36 patients who have had shingles since seroconversion, 19 (53%) had counts below 0.2 x 10(9)/l. Thirty five out of 145 patients without shingles (24%) had similar values. The mean IgA concentration in patients with CD4+ T cell counts above 0.5 x 10(9)/l was 2.38 g/l, between 0.2 and 0.5 was 3.07 g/l, and in those with CD4+ T cell counts below 0.2 x 10(9)/l the mean IgA concentration was 4.58 g/l. Treatment patterns have altered between 1989 and 1991, with increased use of zidovudine in patients without AIDS and a marked increase in primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis pneumonia. This has been associated with a decline in the incidence of pneumocystis as an indicator disease in new AIDS cases from 56% in 1989 to 20% in 1991. These observations indicate that persistent generalised lymphadenopathy does not worsen the outlook, but shingles does. Rising IgA concentrations are markers for disease progression. Modern prophylactic regimens are delaying the onset of indicator disease, but CD4 values continue to fall steadily. 相似文献
30.
Direct demonstration of transsynaptic degeneration in the human visual system: a comparison of retrograde and anterograde changes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
RM Beatty AA Sadun LEH Smith JP Vonsattel EP Richardson Jr 《Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry》1982,45(2):143-146
Transneuronal degeneration of retinal ganglion cells was directly demonstrated in a patient who had unilateral removal of the striate cortex forty years prior to necropsy. For comparison, another case is presented showing anterograde transneuronal atrophy forty years after enucleation of one eye. 相似文献