P45 Microbiological culture analysis of the tongue microflora in subjects with and without halitosis

Objective  Determination of the microflora present on the tongue dorsum of subjects with and without halitosis using conventional microbiological culture methods.
Methods  Twenty-one halitosis and 20 control patients were recruited using a strict clinical protocol. Samples were collected from the posterior dorsum of the tongue using a sterile brush. Each sample was vortex mixed for 30 s and serial 10-fold dilutions to 10⁻⁷ were carried out. Samples were plated onto fastidious anaerobe agar (FAA) and FAA enriched with vancomycin. These were incubated under anaerobic conditions for 10 days at 37°C. Strict anaerobes were identified by metronidazole sensitivity and bacteria were identified to genus level by a combination of colony morphology, Gram staining and biochemical and enzymatic tests (rapid ID 32 A).
Results  The predominant species in test and control groups were Veillonella and Prevotella . Greater species diversity was found in the halitosis samples compared to controls. The halitosis samples contained a larger number of unidentifiable gram-negative rods, gram positive rods and gram negative coccobacilli.
Conclusions  There was no obvious association between halitosis and any specific bacterial genus. The increased species diversity found in halitosis samples suggests that halitosis may be the result of complex interactions between several bacterial species. The role of uncultivable bacteria may also be important in contributing to this process.     

牙本质陶瓷粉、TGF-β、NCPs及复合材料直接盖髓后对牙髓细胞的促进作用

目的：观察牙本质陶瓷粉（ceramic dentin powder,CDP）、复合转化生长因子（transforming growth factors-TGF-β1）；复合非胶原蛋白（noncollagenous proteins,NCPs）及全复合后对修复性牙本质形成的作用。方法：用SD大鼠牙作直接盖髓实验，并用组织学方法评价每组材料对修复性牙本质形成的效果。结果：各组材料在不同时间对修复牙本质促进作用不同，实验组的作用明显优于对照组，实验组之间未见明显差异。结论：TGF－β1、NCPs对大鼠牙髓组织修复有明显的促进作用。     

The endodontic management of traumatized permanent anterior teeth: a review

Despite the many journal articles and reviews that have been published regarding the treatment of trauma to teeth, the endodontic management of these injuries is often still not fully understood. The purpose of this review is to establish clear and up-to-date guidelines for practitioners who are faced with treating dental injuries on a day-to-day basis, based on an assessment of current available scientific information relating to the endodontic management of these injuries.
Treatment is discussed under the headings: infractions, uncomplicated crown fractures, complicated crown fractures, crown-root fractures, root fractures, luxation injuries, avulsion, root resorption, pulp canal obliteration and open-apex teeth. Emphasis is placed on the treatment of traumatized immature teeth where maintenance of pulp blood supply is important to encourage continued development of the root system. Only the treatment of traumatized permanent anterior teeth is reviewed.
Information contained in this article is based on a review of the literature on dental trauma which involved a MEDLINE search using the key words "dental trauma" and the individual topics listed above. The guidelines produced by the International Association of Dental Traumatology, the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry and the American Association of Endodontists were also reviewed and the recommendations contained in this paper are in concert with the major recommendations of these bodies.     

Root curvature localizations as indicators of post length in various tooth groups

Abstract The straight line length available for post preparations in pulps of 957 human teeth was evaluated. Analysis of radiographs in both buccolingual and mesiodistal directions showed that only 2.7% of the teeth studied were straight to the apex in both views. Average straight line lengths were calculated for the different types of teeth and used to offer guidelines for the length of post preparation. Buccal roots of maxillary molars and the mesial roots of the mandibular molars frequently showed straight line lengths insufficient for post preparations.     

In vitro study on the schedule-dependency of the interaction between pemetrexed, gemcitabine and irradiation in non-small cell lung cancer and head and neck cancer cells

Background  

Based on their different mechanisms of action, non-overlapping side effects and radiosensitising potential, combining the antimetabolites pemetrexed (multitargeted antifolate, MTA) and gemcitabine (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine, dFdC) with irradiation (RT) seems promising. This in vitro study, for the first time, presents the triple combination of MTA, dFdC and irradiation using various treatment schedules.