蛛网膜下腔注入小剂量吗啡术后镇痛与PCEA比较研究

目的 :探讨蛛网膜下腔小剂量吗啡术后镇痛的临床效果并与 PCEA相比较。方法 :将 ASA I～II级 6 0例妇科择期手术患者 ,随机分为两组 ,每组 30例。实验组采用腰麻 ,局麻药为 0 .75 %布比卡因 10～ 15 m g加入吗啡 0 .5 mg。对照组采用腰麻复合 PCEA,局麻药 0 .75 %布比卡因 10～ 15 mg,术后 PCEA。术后镇痛效果以视觉模拟评分 (VAS)、Ram say镇静评分、BCS舒适评分、成功率、不良反应并结合医疗费用比进行评价。结果 :VAS评分两组在 4、8、36 h时段无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;实验组在 12、2 4 h镇痛效果优于对照组 ,4 8、5 4 h对照组优于实验组。 BCS舒适评分、Ram say镇静评分两组间无显著性差异。结论 :蛛网膜下腔注入小剂量的吗啡用于术后镇痛的效果并不亚于 PCEA,如采用医疗费用与治疗效果比 ,更优于后者     

Release of Proinflammatory Cytokines During Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Heparin-Bonded Versus Nonbonded Oxygenators

Background. Heparin bonding of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit may be associated with a reduced inflammatory response and improved clinical outcome. The relative contribution of a heparin-bonded oxygenator (ie, >80% of circuit surface area) to these effects was assessed in a group of pediatric patients.

Methods. Twenty-one pediatric patients undergoing CPB operations were assigned randomly to receive either a heparin-bonded oxygenator (group H, n = 11) or a nonbonded oxygenator (group C, n = 10) in otherwise nonbonded circuits. The two groups were similar in pathology, age, weight, CPB time, and cross-clamp time. Plasma levels of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8, as well as terminal complement complex, neutrophils, and elastase, were analyzed before, during, and after CPB.

Results. Significant levels of tumor necrosis factor- were not detected in either group. Plasma levels of all other markers increased during and after CPB compared with baseline. Plasma levels of interleukin-6 peaked in both groups 2 hours after the administration of protamine but remained significantly higher in group C 24 hours after operation. Plasma concentrations of interleukin-8 peaked at similar levels in both groups 30 minutes after protamine administration and returned to baseline thereafter. Levels of terminal complement complex and elastase peaked in both groups 30 minutes after protamine administration. Plasma levels of terminal complement complex were significantly higher at the end of CPB and after protamine administration in group C. Elastase levels were significantly higher 2 and 24 hours after CPB in group C. The ventilation time of patients in group H was significantly lower than that of patients in group C: 10 (range, 3 to 24) versus 22 (range, 7 to 24) hours, respectively (p < 0.01).

Conclusions. The present study confirms the proinflammatory nature of pediatric operations and demonstrates a lessened systemic inflammatory response with the use of heparin-bonded oxygenators. This is achieved without bonding of the entire circuit, which could have significant cost-benefit implications by negating the need for custom-built heparin-bonded circuitry.     

安氟醚吸入与预注爱肌松对其肌松时效的影响

单次静注爱肌松（０．３ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１，对照组）于３．１７±０．８１分钟（ｘ±ｓ）可获得满意的气管插管条件。预注组（１０例）首次量０．２７ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１于预注剂量（０．０３ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）后５分钟给予，可使爱肌松的起效时间缩短至０．９３±０．１７分钟（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＴＯＦ无反应期、２５％和９０％恢复时间两组无显著差别（Ｐ＞０．２５）。全部病例均获得了良好的气管插管条件，预注的优点还在于能评估患者对所选用非去极化肌松药的敏感性。预往后ＴＯＦ肌电图Ｔ１抑制＞１０％较无明显ＴＯＦ抑制者肌松恢复时间显著延长（Ｐ＜０．０５）。同时发现吸入安氟醚可使爱肌松作用时效延长。     

大剂量地塞米松及SOD在实验性脑损伤中的治疗作用

大剂量地塞米松和ＳＯＤ是外伤性脑继发性损害药物治疗的新方案。本实验在豚鼠局灶性脑损伤模型上试用该两种药物，通过脑含水量、灶周伊文斯兰渗出、血ＣＫ、Ｃａ和ＬＤＨ含室及光镜和电镜病理检查等指标。     

α-地中海贫血种植前基因诊断妊娠成功

【目的】探讨种植前基因诊断的临床应用。【方法】对 1例夫妇均为东南亚缺失型α 地中海贫血携带者 ,经超排取卵、卵母细胞单精子显微注射受精及胚胎细胞活检 ,吸取的单个卵裂球采用针对α SEA基因的 gap PCR引物和荧光探针用荧光定量PCR技术进行诊断 ,将诊断为不致病的 3个胚胎进行宫腔内移植。【结果】胚胎移植后 7周B超诊断单胎妊娠 ,18周羊膜腔穿刺产前诊断证实为不致病胎儿。【结论】应用成熟的显微操作技术进行胚胎细胞活检 ,活检的单个卵裂球用荧光定量PCR技术进行诊断 ,获得国内首例α 地中海贫血胚胎种植前基因诊断后妊娠成功。     

体外循环后鱼精蛋白不良反应的预防(附64例报告)

目的探讨体外循环不同途径给予鱼精蛋白所产生的不良反应及地塞米松对这些不良反应的预防作用。方法将 6 4例患者按给药途径及是否预防性给予地塞米松分为 4组 :A1,A2 ,B1和B2 组。A组升主动脉给药 ,B组颈内静脉给药 ;A1,B1组给予地塞米松 ,A2 ,B2 组不给予地塞米松。观察各组注射鱼精蛋白后 3,10 ,2 0 ,30min平均动脉压 (meanarterialpressure ,MAP)、平均肺动脉压 (meanpulmonaryarterialpressure ,MPAP)及气道压力(airwaypressure ,AP)的变化。结果A1组各时间点数据无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,A2 组给予鱼精蛋白 3min后血压下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;B1组给予鱼精蛋白 3min后血压下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,气道压力升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,B2 组给予鱼精蛋白 3,10 ,2 0min后血压明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ,气道压力升高 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论从主动脉根部注射鱼精蛋白对血流动力学影响较静脉给药小 ,地塞米松对鱼精蛋白的副作用有一定的预防作用     

扩大经额硬膜外入路切除巨大侵袭性垂体瘤

目的:探讨采用扩大的经额硬膜外入路切除巨大侵袭性垂体瘤的临床应用.方法:1997年6月至2002年3月采用该入路显微外科切除巨大侵袭性垂体瘤10例,肿瘤主要累及于鞍上、蝶筛窦及上斜坡区.结果:本组10例中,肿瘤全切6例,次全切除3例,大部分切除1例.术后发生颅神经麻痹4例,其中动眼神经障碍3例,外展神经障碍1例.全组无手术死亡.术后影像学随访6～24个月,全切除肿瘤病例未见肿瘤复发,次全切除者无明显增大.结论:该入路可充分显露鞍区肿瘤,术野开阔,对脑组织损伤小,适用于已侵犯蝶筛窦区及上斜坡的侵袭性垂体瘤.     

慢性炎性反应与儿童肥胖及代谢综合征

The prevalence of overweight and metabolic syndrome is increasing in young people. Body fat produces a number of inflammatory cytokines, such as C-reactive protein, TNF-α, IL-6, etc, which lead to chronic subclinical inflammation. Chronic subclinical inflammation in childhood and adolescents is as-sociated with obesity,which closely related with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance at all ages. This feature of the diseases provides an opportunity for the early identification of target groups and the use of ap-propriate lifestyle intervention can effectively interrupt the pathological processes at early stages.     

SLE小鼠高IgG血症Fcgr2b基因序列分析

目的: 测定系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)小鼠模型-NZB/WF1双亲NZB,NZW小鼠 Fcgr2b基因启动子区核酸序列,明确Fcgr2b基因启动子区的突变性质.方法:扩增NZB,NZW小鼠Fcgr2b基因启动子DNA进行核酸序列分析.采用ELISA法测定、比较(NZB×NZW )F1×NZW回交小鼠Fcgr2b基因B/W型与W/W型组间血清总IgG 水平.结果:NZB小鼠Fcgr2b基因启动子区与正常鼠Balb/C相比存在2个部位碱基缺失,分别为13 bp及3 bp.NZW小鼠除有3个碱基置换外,与Balb/C鼠该基因启动子区序列相同.回交小鼠Fcgr2b基因B/W型组血清总 IgG水平明显高于W/W型组(P<0.0001).结论:NZB小鼠Fcgr2b基因启动子区存在碱基缺失,且该缺失突变可能与血清总IgG水平升高有关.