OptEase滤器在下肢深静脉血栓形成治疗中的应用

目的：总结8例下肢深静脉血栓形成手术治疗中使用OptEase可回收腔静脉滤器 的经验.方法：通过8例使用OptEase可回收腔静脉滤器临床资料,分析回收方式与并发症.结果：术中、术后无肺栓塞发生,回收时腔静脉造影示：滤器处不完全血栓和健侧髂静脉血栓各1例,成功回收5例,转为永久性置入3例.随访328个月,无肢体静脉血栓复发.结论：下肢深静脉血栓形成手术中使用可回收腔静脉滤器能有效防止肺栓塞,术后可回收的特点有广阔的应用前景.     

成人肾母细胞瘤的诊断与治疗(附9例报告及文献复习)

目的探讨成人肾母细胞瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析9例成人肾母细胞瘤的临床表现、分期、治疗及预后。结果9例患者按照美国国家肾母细胞瘤研究组（National Wilms Tumor Study,NWTS）分期：Ⅰ期3例,Ⅱ期3例,Ⅲ期2例,Ⅳ期1例。9例均行肾切除术,其中术前分别辅以化疗1例、放疗1例、肾动脉介入栓塞化疗2例。9例术后辅以放疗和化疗。8例获得随访,随访1-6年,7例生存。结论成人肾母细胞瘤是一种比较少见的恶性肿瘤,早期诊断、手术治疗、辅以放疗和化疗等可明显提高治愈率并改善其预后。     

胶质细胞活化对慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征(CP/CPPS)大鼠脊髓背角P物质的影响

目的探讨胶质细胞活化对慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征（chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndromes,CP/CPPS）大鼠脊髓背角P物质的影响。方法完全福氏佐剂和3%角叉菜胶前列腺内注射造成CP/CPPS模型,脊髓插管给药胶质细胞活化抑制剂Propentofylline干扰CP/CPPS模型大鼠,免疫组织化学方法观察正常组、疼痛模型组、药物干扰组脊髓节段（L6和S1）背角的胶质细胞的活化和P物质的定性定位,并用放射免疫的方法观察三组脊髓背角P物质的变化。结果脊髓背角胶质细胞活化阳性细胞数疼痛组明显增加,药物干扰组明显减少;P物质主要表达于脊髓背角且疼痛模型组明显增多,药物干扰组明显减少。结论胶质细胞活化是CP/CPPS大鼠脊髓背角P物质变化的重要原因,胶质细胞活化抑制剂的应用将是治疗CP/CPPS的新亮点。     

经尿道前列腺电汽化术治疗前列腺增生(附386例报告)

目的探讨经尿道前列腺电汽化术（TVP）治疗前列腺增生的疗效。方法回顾分析采用经尿道前列腺电汽化术治疗386例前列腺增生（BPH）患者的临床资料。结果术中发生前列腺包膜穿孔2例,电切综合征（TURS）1例。术后随访1月-5年,术后3月内出血6例,前列腺尖部黏连狭窄1例,远期出血2例发生在术后1-3年。术后3个月最大尿流率（Qmax）12.3-23.5mL/s,平均18.5mL/s;IPSS评分6-17分,平均9.5分。结论经尿道电汽化术治疗前列腺增生效果明显,腺体残留是术后出血、排尿困难的主要原因。     

带小肠器官簇移植术后感染临床分析

目的探讨带小肠器官簇移植的感染特点及其处理经验。方法对两例带小肠器官簇移植术后感染的患者进行回顾性分析。结果两例受体术后应用五联免疫抑制剂后,细菌感染以耐药的革兰阴性杆菌为主,早期真菌感染主要为光滑假丝酵母菌。受者1感染巨细胞病毒后胆汁骤减,外周血单核细胞增多、酸性粒细胞减少、CD8^＋T细胞升高（CD4^＋／CD8^＋降低）,胆汁中检测出巨细胞病毒磷酸化的胞膜蛋白71。肝穿刺病理检查发现肝多发性微脓肿改变。结论器官簇移植术后感染情况复杂,免疫抑制剂的优化和对感染的早期诊治是提高疗效的关键。     

大鼠不同程度高位颈脊髓损伤后膈肌运动诱发电位变化特点

目的了解不同程度高位颈髓损伤后大鼠膈肌运动诱发电位（MEP）的变化特点,分析以MEP评价高位颈髓损伤中MEP预测呼吸功能预后的价值。方法采用改良Allen法,分别以30gcf、50gcf、80gcf和100gcf冲量打击40只SD大鼠C3、4颈髓,造成不同程度的高位颈髓损伤。于伤前及伤后1个月连续记录膈肌MEP。观察MEP潜伏期及波幅的变化特点。同时采股动脉血,进行pH值、氧分压、二氧化碳分压及血氧饱和度的监测,了解不同程度的高位颈髓损伤大鼠呼吸功能的变化。分析不同程度的高位颈髓损伤后膈肌MEP潜伏期及波幅值的变化与呼吸功能预后的相关性。结果大鼠高位颈髓损伤前膈肌MEP波形稳定,通常包括1个正向波峰和负向波峰,其潜伏期和波幅平均值分别为（3．13±0.29）ins和（6．78±3．48）mv。不同程度高位颈髓损伤后MEP潜伏期不同程度改变,损伤越重,潜伏期越长。潜伏期变化与呼吸功能恢复显著相关。当MEP潜伏期延长超过101％时,呼吸功能很难恢复。结论MEP能较为客观、敏感地反映高位颈髓损伤后呼吸功能损伤程度,可以作为判断呼吸功能预后的可靠指标。     

肝叶切除联合门静脉切除和重建在肝门部胆管癌根治术中的应用

目的总结肝叶切除联合门静脉切除和重建在肝门部胆管癌中应用的临床经验。方法回顾分析1998年至2003年收治118例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床资料。结果118例中66例实施了姑息性治疗;52例实施根治性切除手术,其中联合肝切除者47例,肝切除中11例实施了联合门静脉切除和重建。行肝切除者术后并发症发生率为22．9％,合并门静脉切除者为27．3％;1、3年的存活率仅行肝切除者和合并门静脉切除者分别为85．7％、31．4％和81．8％、27．8％,2组差异无统计学意义。姑息治疗组仅5例存活超过3年（7．58％）,无5年生存者。结论门静脉浸润不是肝门部胆管癌手术的禁忌证,肝叶切除联合门静脉切除和重建提高其治愈切除率,改善术后患者的预后。     

Enhanced expression of C chemokine lymphotactin in IgA nephropathy

Leukocyte accumulation in the kidney is observed in patients with IgA nephropathy. Chemokines are a large family of cytokines chemotactic for leukocytes and have been shown to be upregulated in renal diseases. We previously reported that the gene expression of lymphotactin, a sole member of C chemokine subfamily, is enhanced in an animal model of crescentic glomerulonephritis, but its expression in human renal diseases is totally unknown. In the present study, we investigated the expression of mRNAs of lymphotactin and some other chemokines in IgA nephropathy. The expression of mRNAs for three chemokines, lymphotactin, MCP-1, and MIP-1beta, in renal cortex was increased and the levels of lymphotactin and MCP-1 mRNAs were statistically higher in patients with glomerular crescents than in those without crescents. These levels also correlated with tubulointerstitial changes and urinary protein excretion. Glomerular levels of mRNAs for lymphotactin and MCP-1, but not MIP-1beta, were higher in IgA nephropathy than controls. By immunohistochemical analysis, lymphotactin was detected in tryptase-positive cells (putative mast cells) in the interstitial space. These results suggest that lymphotactin, as well as MCP-1, may contribute to leukocyte infiltration and disease progression in IgA nephropathy.     

Human umbilical cord blood serum in culture medium on oocyte maturation In vitro

In vitro maturation (IVM) of immature oocytes for infertile patients is an attractive treatment. It can avoid side effects of ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins. However, at the present the successful results of IVM treatment are lower than conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. The key issue may be the IVM medium for immature oocyte maturation. In the present study, we compared 20% (v/v) human follicular fluid (hFF) and 20% (v/v) human umbilical cord serum (hUS) as a supplement to IVM medium. A total of 47 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) underwent 47 IVM treatment cycles. Immature oocytes (349) collected from 32 patients were cultured in IVM medium supplemented with hFF, and immature oocytes (160) collected from 15 patients were culture in IVM medium supplemented with hUS. The results indicate that the final maturation rate of oocytes cultured in IVM medium supplemented with hUS (93.8%) is significantly higher than those cultured in IVM medium supplemented with hFF (77.1%). The percentage of high-quality embryos produced from IVM medium supplemented with hUS (50.0%) is significantly higher than IVM medium supplemented with hFF (23.8%). In addition, the results also indicate that the final maturation rate of oocytes is higher in IVM medium supplemented with hUS and the time course of oocyte maturation is hastened. Following transfer 6 out of 15 patients (40.0%) become pregnant when IVM medium was supplemented with hUS, and 7 out of 31 patients (22.6%) were pregnant when IVM medium was supplemented with hFF. These results suggest that IVM medium containing hUS appears to be a more effective means to stimulate in vitro oocyte maturation and is capable of achieving a promising clinical outcome.     

肾盏切开联合经肾实质气压弹道碎石治疗复杂鹿角形结石

目的探讨肾盏切开联合经肾实质气压弹道碎石治疗复杂鹿角形结石的疗效。方法电刀切开积水较重的肾盏,气压弹道碎石杆对准结石碎石后分块取出。盏颈口狭窄但肾盏积水不严重者,将直径1 mm气压弹道碎石杆于肾实质处刺入结石位置,将肾盏内结石击碎后从盏颈口取出。结果19例均未阻断肾蒂,手术时间90-150 min,平均120 min。术中出血量100-250 ml,未输血。17例一次取石成功,术后无结石残余;1例术中残余泥沙状结石,术后经肾造瘘管冲洗引流排出;1例肾盏结石术中取石遗漏,术后经ESWL碎石后排净结石。15例随访10-60个月,平均18个月,结石复发2例,体外震波碎石后排净结石。结论肾盏切开联合经肾实质气压弹道碎石治疗复杂性鹿角形结石出血少,疗效可靠。