Antiplatelet agents isolated from medicinal plants.

Platelet-vessel wall interaction is an important process in physiological hemostasis and pathological thrombosis. In oriental countries, some medicinal plants have been claimed for uses to improve circulation, induce fibrinolysis or prevent thrombosis. In cooperation with chemists using bioassay-based step-by-step purification, some antiplatelet agents were isolated from plant sources. According to their effects on platelet aggregation, release reaction and signal transductions involved, these antiplatelet agents can be classified into eight groups: 1. platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonists, 2. collagen-receptor antagonists, 3. thromboxane-receptor antagonists, 4. ADP-receptor agonists, 5. inhibitors of phosphoinositide breakdown, 6. inhibitors of thromboxane formation, 7. agents increasing cyclic nucleotides, and 8. protein kinase C activators. These new pharmacological agents derived from medicinal plant sources may be useful as leads to develop as effective cardiovascular drugs.     

非悬滴开放式培养法在鸡胚背根节体外培养中的应用

本研究针对悬滴培养法在操作和应用上存在的问题和局限性，改用操作简便、适用范围广的非悬滴开放式培养法培养鸡胚背根节。将数个鸡胚背根节按一定间隔种植在内置生长基质盖玻片的35mm培养皿中，加人适量培养液，置于CO2。孵箱中进行培养。结果显示.从培养24h至60h各时期，培养皿中背根节生长状况均良好，神经突起明显增长，表明用非悬滴开放式培养法培养鸡胚背根节是可行且可靠的。     

Amyloid and nonfibrillar deposits in mice transgenic for wild-type human transthyretin: a possible model for senile systemic amyloidosis

The human serum protein transthyretin (TTR) is highly fibrillogenic in vitro and is the fibril precursor in both autosomal dominant (familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy [FAP] and familial amyloidotic cardiomyopathy [FAC]) and sporadic (senile systemic amyloidosis [SSA]) forms of human cardiac amyloidosis. We have produced mouse strains transgenic for either wild-type or mutant (TTRLeu55Pro) human TTR genes. Eighty-four percent of C57BI/6xDBA/2 mice older than 18 months, transgenic for the wild-type human TTR gene, develop TTR deposits that occur primarily in heart and kidney. In most of the animals, the deposits are nonfibrillar and non-Congophilic, but 20% of animals older than 18 months that bear the transgene have human TTR cardiac amyloid deposits identical to the lesions seen in SSA. Amino terminal amino acid sequence analysis and mass spectrometry of the major component extracted from amyloid and nonamyloid deposits revealed that both were intact human TTR monomers with no evidence of proteolysis or codeposition of murine TTR. This is the first instance in which the proteins from amyloid and nonfibrillar deposits in the same or syngeneic animals have been shown to be identical by sequence analysis. It is also the first time in any form of amyloidosis that nonfibrillar deposits have been shown to systematically occur temporally before the appearance of fibrils derived from the same precursor in the same tissues. These findings suggest, but do not prove, that the nonamyloid deposits represent a precursor of the fibril. The differences in the ultrastructure and binding properties of the deposits, despite the identical sizes and amino terminal amino acid sequences of the TTR and the dissociation of deposition and fibril formation, provide evidence that in vivo factors, perhaps associated with aging, impact on both systemic precursor deposition and amyloid fibril formation.     

Lactoferrin gene expression is estrogen responsive in human and rhesus monkey endometrium.

We have previously shown that the estrogen responsiveness of the human lactoferrin gene in a transient transfection system is mediated through an imperfect estrogen response element (ERE) and a steroidogenic factor 1 binding element (SFRE) 26 bp upstream from ERE. Reporter constructs containing SFRE and ERE respond to estrogen stimulation in a dose-dependent manner, whereas mutations at either one of the response elements severely impaired the estrogen responsiveness. In this study, we demonstrated that estrogen receptor (ERalpha) binds to the human lactoferrin gene ERE and forms two complexes in an electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA). These complexes could be supershifted by an antibody to ERalpha. We also showed that in normal cycling women, lactoferrin gene expression in the endometrium increases during the proliferative phase and diminishes during the luteal phase. This in-vivo study thus supported the finding from transient transfection experiments that the human lactoferrin gene expression is elevated in an environment with a high level of estrogen. The estrogen effect on lactoferrin gene expression in the rhesus monkey endometrium was studied by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The immunohistochemistry results showed that immunoreactive lactoferrin protein was not detectable in the untreated ovariectomized monkey endometrium, was elevated by estrogen treatment, and was suppressed by sequential, combined estrogen plus progesterone treatment. In conclusion, this study has shown that lactoferrin gene expression is responsive to estrogen in primate endometrium.     

塑料/碘填充剂在CT三维成像和标本铸型中的应用

目的:探求一种既可用于CT三维成像又可用于标本铸型的塑料/碘填充剂(plastic bulking agent mixed with iodine,PBAI)。方法:以0·2、0·5、0·9、1·0、1·2、1·8、2·0、2·5g碘分别溶于10ml乙酸乙酯,再加1·5g聚氯乙烯配成15%塑料填充材料;做成10ml注射器铸件CT扫描,筛选最佳碘浓度灌注材料。选择正常SD大鼠以最佳碘浓度材料行全身血管灌注。MDCT扫描,分别用CT机自带软件和Mimics软件获得大鼠全身血管三维图像,对图像质量进行优良比率评估。结果:最佳碘浓度灌注材料为250g/L。灌注满意大鼠9只,其全身血管三维图像优秀率CT机、Mimics图像分别为88·5%和87·6%;血管铸型优秀率为88·9%。结论:250g/L碘浓度、15%PBAI是一种既可用于CT三维成像,又可用于标本铸型的优良填充剂。     

Morphological study of the tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus, substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus, and their interconnections in rat organotypic culture

The morphological organization of the tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus, midbrain extrapyramidal area, substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus and their interrelationships were studied in rat organotypic culture using immunohistochemistry and NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry. Three coronal sections, one containing the tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus/midbrain extrapyramidal area, another with the substantia nigra and the third with the subthalamic nucleus, were obtained from postnatal 1-2-day-old rats. These sections were co-cultured for 3-4 weeks using the roller-tube technique. In the tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus/midbrain extrapyramidal area, the distribution pattern of cholinergic neurons was similar to that found in the in vivo study. We could, therefore, identify the subdivisions of the tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus (i.e., pars compacta and pars dissipata) and the midbrain extrapyramidal area. As in the in vivo situation, glutamate immunoreactive neurons were also located in these areas. Approximately 10% of NADPH-diaphorase positive neurons in the tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus, were glutamate immunoreactive. In the substantia nigra, as in the in vivo, tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (putative dopaminergic) neurons were identified predominantly in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons (putative GABAergic) mainly in the substantia nigra pars reticulata. The subthalamic nucleus was ladened with glutamate immunoreactive neurons. NADPH-diaphorase stained axons originating from the tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus were traced into the substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus. They were often in close apposition to tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons in the substantia nigra. Parvalbumin immunoreactive fibers from the substantia nigra projected heavily to the midbrain extrapyramidal area, but only sparsely to the tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus and the subthalamic nucleus. These findings indicate that the tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus/midbrain extrapyramidal area, substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus in the organotypic culture have retained a basic morphological organization and connectivity similar to those seen in the in vivo situation. Therefore, this preparation could be a useful model to conduct further studies to investigate functional circuits among the structures represented.     

柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病合并焦虑抑郁研究进展

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（CHD）是全球常见的慢性病之一,焦虑和抑郁是其发生不良预后事件的潜在与关键危险因素。柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤（CLMT）首见于《伤寒论》,为治疗少阳病兼心神逆乱证的经典名方,具备和解少阳、镇惊安神之功效。目前机制研究表明CLMT能通过调控相关信号通路、抑制相关炎症因子表达、改善氧化应激损伤、调节神经递质水平、抑制下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴亢进、促进骨髓间充质干细胞动员、抑制血小板活化等多途径对CHD合并焦虑抑郁发挥作用。临床研究表明CLMT对CHD合并焦虑抑郁导致的心绞痛、失眠等症状具有显著改善作用,可有效减轻患者负性情绪、改善中医证候积分、降低炎症因子水平等,且与西医常规治疗相比不良反应少,安全性较高。该文通过归纳整理近15年来中国知网（CNKI）、万方（Wanfang）、维普（VIP）、PubMed等数据库关于CLMT治疗CHD合并焦虑抑郁的文献,对其进行了机制及临床研究的综述,以期为CLMT指导CHD合并焦虑抑郁的进一步研究提供参考。     

3D打印技术在脊柱侧凸矫形中的应用效果分析

目的探讨3D打印技术在脊柱侧凸矫形中的应用效果。方法 76例脊柱侧凸患者随机分为两组各38例。两组均实施后路小切口微创分期术,对照组行常规CT或X线辅助手术治疗,观察组行术前3D打印技术辅助手术治疗。比较两组的手术效果以及并发症。结果观察组的置钉准确率高于对照组,平均置钉时间短于对照组(P <0.05)。术后,观察组的终末融合后侧凸主侧凸冠状位Cobb角低于对照组,初次平均矫正率高于对照组(P <0.05)。两组的并发症发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论术前应用3D打印技术辅助治疗脊柱侧凸,可有效提升手术效果,更好地恢复脊柱生理弯曲,提高矫形成功率。     

HPLC法测定口服5—氨基水杨酸制剂后血浆和尿中的药物及其代谢物

目的建立测定血浆和尿样中5-氨基水杨酸(5-ASA)及代谢物乙酰-5-氨基水杨酸(Ac-5-ASA)浓度的HPLC方法,并进行5-ASA缓释片Pentasa的人体药动学研究.方法使用荧光检测器,以丙酰-4-氨基水杨酸为内标,用衍生化法使样品中的5-ASA丙酰化,甲醇沉淀蛋白后上清液直接进样.色谱柱为PhenomenexLunaTMC18,流动相为0.1mo1/L乙酸溶液乙腈三乙胺(460400.4,V/V/V)的混合液.测定6位健康志愿者口服1000magPentasa后血药浓度和尿药浓度.结果血浆中5-ASA及代谢物的线性范围为0.01～10μg/ml,尿样中为0.2～200μg/ml,血浆和尿中药物与代谢物的回收率在95.3%～106.2%之间,日内日间相对标准差均在052%～9.22%范围内.Pentasa口服后5-ASA和Ac-5-ASA的血药浓度在3～4h内达到峰值,分别为1.55和3.11μg/rl,AUC分别为6.90和26.32μg/(ml@h),60h内尿中排泄了口服剂量37.1%的药物.结论方法简便,灵敏度和准确度高,可用于5-ASA制剂的药物动力学研究.     

Intradialytic systolic blood pressure variation can predict long-term mortality in patients on maintenance hemodialysis

International Urology and Nephrology - It is unclear which time-points of intradialytic blood pressure (BP) best predict prognosis. Thus, it is important to assess the association between different...