Facilitating effect of histamine on spatial memory deficits induced by dizocilpine as evaluated by 8-arm radial maze in SD rats

AIM: To investigate whether or not histamine is involved in spatial memory deficits induced by dizocilpine (MK-801) as evaluated by 8-arm radial maze of rats. METHODS: 8-Arm (4-arm baited) radial maze was used to measure spatial memory in rats. RESULTS: Bilaterally intrahippocampal (ih) injection of MK-801 (0.3 μg/site) impaired working memory and reference memory in rats. Both histamine (50, 100 ng/site, ih) and intraperitoneal (ip) injection of histidine (100, 200 mg/kg) markedly improved the spatial memory deficits induced by MK-801. On the other hand, the ameliorating effect of histidine (100 mg/kg, ip) was completely antagonized by α-fluoromethylhistidine (α-FMH, 5 μg/site, ih), a potent and selective histidine decarboxylase (HDC) inhibitor, and H_1-antagonist pyrilamine (1 μg/site, ih), but not by H_2-antagonist cimetidine, even at a high dose (2.5 μg/site, ih). CONCLUSION: The hippocampal histamine plays an important role in the ameliorating effect on MK-801-induced spatial memory deficits,     

胃肠术后1号治疗急性弥漫性腹膜炎的研究

目的　探讨胃肠术后 1号治疗急性弥漫性腹膜炎的疗效。方法　测定 2 0例急性弥漫性腹膜炎患者 (随机分为 2组 :对照组 10例 ,治疗组 10例 )血中乳酸、DAO水平。结果　急性弥漫性腹膜炎患者血中乳酸、DAO呈现不同程度升高 ,经治疗随病情好转 ,血中乳酸、DAO呈现不同程度下降 ,而治疗组血中乳酸、DAO下降幅度显著 ,优于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　血中乳酸、DAO在急性弥漫性腹膜炎患者病理过程中起重要作用 ,可作为评估急性弥漫性腹膜炎患者严重程度的指标 ,胃肠术后 1号使乳酸、DAO水平下降 ,促进疾病恢复     

Treatment of pyelocaliceal transitional cell carcinoma with partial nephrectomy

Nephroureterectomy is the choice treatment for tumours of the upper urinary tract. Conservative surgical management is sometimes warranted due to the risk of renal failure or just as palliative treatment. Contribution of two cases of transitional tumours in the pyelocalyceal zone treated with partial nephrectomy, and discussion of the usefulness and indication of conservative surgery for these tumours.     

Lamivudine for the prevention of hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatitis B s-antigen seropositive cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: For cancer patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy, hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a well described complication resulting in varying degrees of liver damage. The objectives of this study were to assess the efficacy of the antiviral agent lamivudine in reducing the incidence of HBV reactivation and diminishing morbidity and mortality of cancer patients with chronic HBV infection during chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two groups were compared in this nonrandomized study. The prophylactic lamivudine group consisted of 65 patients in a phase II study who were treated with lamivudine before and until 8 weeks after discontinuing chemotherapy. The historical controls consisted of 193 consecutive patients who underwent chemotherapy without prophylactic lamivudine. Significant prognosticators for the development of HBV reactivation were determined based on data from the controls. Potential confounding factors were identified between the two groups. The outcomes were compared. RESULTS: In the controls, lymphoma and anthracycline usage were factors identified to be associated with reactivation. The two groups were comparable in most baseline characteristics, although in the prophylactic lamivudine group, there were significantly more patients with lymphoma and receiving anthracyclines. In the prophylactic lamivudine group, there was significantly less HBV reactivation (4.6% v 24.4% in the controls; P <.001), fewer incidences of hepatitis (17.5% v 44.6%; P <.0001) that were less severe (4.8% v 18.7%; P =.0005), and less disruption of chemotherapy (15.4% v 34.6%; P =.0029). The reduction in overall mortality was not statistically different. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic lamivudine significantly reduced the incidence of HBV reactivation and the overall morbidity of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.     

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy during noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease with hypoxemia and hypercapnia

OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility and safety of non invasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV) via a face mask to performing fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) in patients with COPD contraindicating FOB in spontaneous ventilation. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical, prospective, open, non comparative trial of feasibility. PATIENTS: Ten consecutive COPD patients (71 +/- 5 year-old, PaO2 = 53 +/- 13 mmHg and PaCO2 = 67 +/- 11 mmHg), without any sign of acute respiratory failure, admitted to the intensive care unit for pneumonia requiring a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Including were: PaO2 < 70 mmHg despite nasal O2 delivered at 3 L.min-1, PaCO2 > 50 mmHg, improvement of SpO2 with NIPPV before FOB. METHODS: Topical anaesthesia of the nose and pharynx was obtained with a 5% lidocaine spray. NIPPV was administered using a ventilatory support system Evita 4 (Dr?ger) applied through a full facial mask secured to the patient with elastic straps. Patients were first allowed to acclimate for 5 min with NIPPV (IPAP = 16 cmH2O, EPAP = 0 and trigger of 0.3 cm H2O while a FIO2 kept at 0.7). A T-adapter Medisize (Péters) was attached to the facial mask. The tip of the FOB was inserted through the nose. Topical anaesthesia of the vocal cords was obtained with 1% lidocaine solution (3 mL). The FOB was inserted into the trachea up to a bronchial sub-segment. BAL was performed by instillation of 100 mL of saline solution. After FOB, the NIPPV was maintained for 5 min. Heart rate, SpO2 were measured continuously and arterial pressure at 2 min intervals. Arterial blood gas values were obtained just prior NIPPV and after 15 min and 60 min NIPPV disconnection. RESULTS: FOB duration was 11 +/- 4 min. SpO2 significantly improved during FOB (from de 91 +/- 4.7% to 97% +/- 1.7) without decrease of oxygen saturation lower than 90%. There were no changes in PaCO2 and PaO2 during the hour following the end of procedure. FOB under NIPPV was performed in all patients without complications and was very well tolerated in eight patients. After NPPV disconnecting, one patient required again NIPPV for 15 min. No patient required endotracheal intubation within 24 hours. All patients survived. CONCLUSION: Application of NIPPV during FOB is a safe technic for maintaining adequate gas exchange in hypoxaemic and hypercapnic COPD patients not in acute respiratory failure. After the end of the procedure a close surveillance in the intensive care unit is essential.     

喉癌组织恶性度与颈淋巴结转移关系

采用五因素评点法对４０例喉鳞癌进行组织学和临床方面的研究。结果表明，组织恶性度与Ｔ分期无相关性，浸润方式弥散及恶性度高（评分≥１１）的肿瘤发生颈淋巴结转移率显著高于有完整肿瘤边界者及恶性度低（评分≤１０）者。提示喉癌组织恶性度在预测颈淋巴结转移上有实用价值，可临导临床治疗方案的选择。     

十八甲基炔诺酮透皮控释传递系统在人体不同部位皮肤的药物动力学

6名健康妇女分别于上臂、臀部和腹部三部位经皮给予合LNG的透皮控释传递系统（TCDS）后，用放射免疫法测定LNG血清浓度，计算其主要药物动力学参数。结果表明：在TCDS用药期间，三部位的C（max）、T（max）及AUC（0～168h）基本接近，部位间无显著性差异（P＞0．05）；TCDS揭除后，AUC（168～204h）及消除相半衰期T（1／2）（Ke）均以腹部最大，臀部次之，上臂最小，在腹部与上臂间有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。上述结果可归因于TCDS对LNG的控释和人体皮下脂肪的“贮库效应”。     

急性上消化道出血112例临床疗效分析

采用国家中医药管理局颁布的《中医血证治疗常规》治疗急性上消化道出血112例，取得了较好疗效，总有效率达94．6％。进行了证和疗效，原发病和疗效，病情程度和疗关系的分析。说明中医血证治疗效常规在临床实践中是切实可行的。