应用凯时预防慢性重症肝炎并发肝肾综合征的观察及护理

肝肾综合征是指严重肝脏疾病且排除原发性肾脏疾病情况下,短时间内发展成功能性肾衰竭.慢性重症肝炎极易发生多项并发症,肝肾综合征是其中之一.一旦发展为肝肾综合征,治疗护理难度很大,病死率高.因此在改善肝功能的同时,预防肝肾综合征的发生尤为重要.近4年来,应用凯时注射液治疗慢性重症肝炎预防并发肝肾综合征,取得了较好的临床疗效.现介绍如下.……     

有限元法分析不同桩核材料对第一前磨牙In-ceram全瓷冠应力的影响

为评价不同种类和强度桩核材料对第一前磨牙In-ceram全瓷冠上形成的应力的影响,在第一前磨牙轴对称纵剖面上设计二维有限元模型,模拟In-ceram全瓷冠瓷层及底冠、牙本质领、桩核等结构,绕其对称轴旋转成三维有限元模型.分析在天然牙本质、Ni-Cr合金外涂0.5mm遮色瓷、铸瓷桩核、玻璃纤维树脂、复合树脂5种桩核材料情况下,In-ceram全瓷冠的瓷层内及残余牙本质领的应力分布情况.在5种桩核材料中,高弹性模量的Ni-Cr合金外涂0.5mm遮色瓷能够降低瓷层及残余牙本质领的最大主应力和Von Mises应力峰值,防止全瓷冠的破折碎裂;而弹性模量最低的复合树脂桩核则正好相反,即In-ceram全瓷冠瓷层、底冠及残余牙本质领的应力峰值随桩核材料弹性模量的减小而增大.这5种情况下,In-ceram全瓷冠最大应力值均位于In-ceram全瓷冠底冠内.所以,对于行根管治疗术后的无髓牙,进行核桩冠修复时,应采用高弹性模量的桩核材料.     

应激性溃疡与APACHEⅡ评分的相关性研究

目的探讨应激性渍疡与APACHEⅡ评分的相关性。方法对163例ICU住院患者进行APACHEⅡ评分，并对其与应激性溃疡及大出血的相关性进行分析。结果应激性溃疡及大出血的发生率与APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关性；APACHEⅡ〉10分组中应激性溃疡及大出血的发生率明显高于APACHEⅡ≤10分组。结论APACHEⅡ评分对应激性渍疡及大出血发生有一定的预测价值，并对应激性溃疡的预防有指导作用。     

New recommendations from the 1999 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association acute myocardial infarction guidelines

OBJECTIVE: To review literature relating to significant changes in drug therapy recommendations in the 1999 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for treating patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). DATA SOURCES: 1999 ACC/AHA AMI guidelines, English-language clinical trials, reviews, and editorials researching the role of drug therapy and primary angioplasty for AMI that were referenced in the guidelines were included. Additional data published in 2000 or unpublished were also included if relevant to interpretation of the guidelines. STUDY SELECTION: The articles selected influence AMI treatment recommendations. DATA SYNTHESIS: Many clinicians and health systems use the ACC/AHA AMI guidelines to develop treatment plans for AMI patients. This review highlights important changes in AMI drug therapy recommendations by reviewing the results of recent clinical trials. Insights into evolving drug therapy strategies that may impact future guideline development are also described. CONCLUSIONS: Several changes in drug therapy recommendations were included in the 1999 AMI ACC/AHA guidelines. There is emphasis on administering fibrin-specific thrombolytics secondary to enhanced efficacy. Selection between fibrin-specific agents is unclear at this time. Low response rates to thrombolytics have been noted in the elderly, women, patients with heart failure, and those showing left bundle-branch block on the electrocardiogram. These patient groups should be targeted for improved utilization programs. The use of glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors in non-ST-segment elevation MI was emphasized. Small trials combining reduced doses of thrombolytics with GP IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors have shown promise by increasing reperfusion rates without increasing bleeding risk, but firm conclusions cannot be made until the results of larger trials are known. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) trials suggest lower mortality rates for primary PCI when compared with thrombolysis alone. However, primary PCI, including coronary angioplasty, is only available at approximately 13% of US hospitals, making thrombolysis the preferred strategy for most patients. Clopidogrel has supplanted ticlopidine as the recommended antiplatelet agent for patients with aspirin allergy or intolerance following reports of a better safety profile. The recommended dose of unfractionated heparin is lower than previously recommended, necessitating a separate nomogram for patients with acute coronary syndromes. Routine use of warfarin, either alone or in combination with aspirin, is not supported by clinical trials; however, warfarin remains a choice for antithrombotic therapy in patients intolerant to aspirin. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers continue to be recommended, and emphasis is placed on improving rates of early administration (during hospitalization), even in patients with moderate left ventricular dysfunction. New recommendations for drug treatment of post-AMI patients with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and/or elevated triglycerides are included, with either niacin or gemfibrozil recommended as an option. Supplementary antioxidants are not recommended for either primary or secondary prevention of AMI, with new data demonstrating lack of efficacy vitamin E in primary prevention. Estrogen replacement therapy or hormonal replacement therapy should not be initiated solely for prevention of cardiovascular disease, but can be continued in cardiovascular patients already taking long-term therapy for other reasons. Bupropion has been added as a new treatment option for smoking cessation. As drug therapy continues to evolve in treating AMI, more frequent updates of therapy guidelines will be necessary.     

Measuring symptom prevalence, severity and distress of cancer survivors

The purpose of this paper is to describe patients’ self-reported symptom occurrence, symptom intensity and symptom distress at post-treatment of cancer therapy. A total of 243 outpatients with heterogeneous solid tumours within 12 months following the completion of initial cancer treatment (chemotherapy or radiotherapy) were assessed using the Chinese version of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS). The mean age of the sample was 54.2 ± 12 and over half (57.6%) were women. The most common diagnoses were breast cancer (26.3%) and colon cancer (23.5%). The median number of symptoms per patient was 8 (range 0–23 symptoms) and the most prevalent were dry mouth (49.8%), lack of energy (46.9%), worry (39.1%), pain (35%) and feeling drowsy (33.7%). The mean symptom severity and distress scores measured on the MSAS were 1.92 ± 0.2 (range 1.7–2.3) and 1.37 ± 0.3 (.9–2), respectively. The prevalence of certain symptoms was influenced by the primary site of cancer. Pain, worrying and difficulty in swallowing were the most clinically important symptoms. In conclusion, intense physical and psychological symptoms were highly prevalent and distressing to cancer survivors. Comprehensive symptoms assessment is a requisite toward effective symptom control.     

不同浓度氧疗对高原失血性休克兔血气指标影响的研究

[目的 ]探讨理想的氧疗浓度 ,以指导高原失血性休克的氧疗护理。 [方法 ]采用高原失血性休克兔模型 ,设计不同浓度给氧 补液、单纯给氧与单纯补液 ,休克 1h后进行治疗 ,观察其血气、呼吸和存活时间 ,死亡后立即取肺组织标本进行病理检查。 [结果 ]治疗 1h二氧化碳分压降低 ,碳酸氢盐减少 ,Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组比较有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。氧分压的增高与给氧浓度成正比。治疗完成时呼吸改善 ,Ⅰ组与Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组比较有统计学差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。给氧浓度 80 %加补液组存活时间明显长于单纯给氧与单纯补液组 (P <0 .0 1)。各组肺组织结构基本正常 ,未见明显病理改变。 [结论 ]氧疗是抢救高原失血性休克必不可少的护理措施 ,但氧疗不能替代其他的抗休克治疗 ,给氧措施应参考代谢性酸中毒的指标。     

艾通立治疗急性肺栓塞的护理

急性肺栓塞是来自静脉系统或右心室内栓子脱落进入肺动脉引起的循环系统疾病。其中栓子的来源99％为血栓性质。血栓性肺栓塞的栓子来源多见于下肢深静脉血栓，血栓的大小、形状、流人速度和堵塞肺血管床的大小及进入左右肺所发生的病理生理变化，使本病临床症状不一，其中重症发生猝死、休克，轻者可无临床症状。本病是目前国内外重要的医疗保健问题之一，具有诊断率低、病死率高的特点。一旦确诊，其治疗的最终目的是去除血栓。艾通立为德国勃林格殴格翰国际公司研制的新型溶栓药物。我科于2002年6月起使用艾通立，对6例肺栓塞病人进行溶栓治疗，效果好、副反应小。现将此药物的正确使用方法及有效护理经验总结如下。     

中医整体化医疗模式及临床路径在胎动不安(先兆流产)中的应用评价

目的:研究中医整体化医疗模式及临床路径在胎动不安(先兆流产)中的应用。方法:选取2015年3月至2016年3月海南省中医院接诊的60例先兆流产患者作为本次研究对象。对照组采用常规医疗干预;观察组采用中医整体化医疗模式及临床路径干预。观察2组患者治疗前后SAS、SDS评分,治疗后并发症情况,健康教育达标率,包括疾病知识、用药知识、心理及情志调适、孕期自我监护、营养及休息。结果:整体化治疗后,SAS、SDS评分均小于对照组(36.70±6.39、38.92±7.81)分vs(42.32±7.20、44.38±6.29)分(P0.05);观察组并发症总发生率小于对照组16.66%(5/30)vs43.33%(13/30);观察组疾病知识、用药知识、心理及情志调适、孕期自我监护、营养及休息达标率均优于对照组[90.00%(27/30)、83.33%(25/30)、86.66%(26/30)、93.33%(28/30)、90.00%(27/30)]vs[50.00%(15/30)、66.66%(20/30)、70.00%(21/30)、63.33%(19/30)、73.33%(22/30)](P0.05);观察组治疗总有效率优于对照组93.33%(28/30)vs70.00%(21/30)(P0.05);观察组总满意度优于对照组93.33%(28/30)vs66.66%(20/30)(P0.05)。结论:中医整体化医疗模式及临床路径在胎动不安(先兆流产)中的应用效果显著,能缓解患者不良情绪,提高患者保胎成功率,增进医护患3方沟通,监督,参与,提高患者满意度。     

Management of acute intra-abdominal hemorrhage in ruptured hepatoblastoma with transarterial embolization using calibrated gelfoam particles

This brief report aims to evaluate the treatment outcome of transarterial embolization in ruptured hepatoblastoma complicated with acute intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Three children (mean age 6 years) with high-risk hepatoblastoma presented with rupture and acute intra-abdominal hemorrhage. In addition to aggressive fluid resuscitation and blood product support, super-selective embolization of the arteries with active bleeding or pseudoaneurysm was performed using calibrated gelfoam particles, with a technical success rate of 100%. Hemodynamic status and hemoglobin level were normalized in all patients within 2 days postembolization. The 30-day survival rate was 100%. No major complication was detected apart from mild elevation of alanine transaminase.