关节镜下行(足母)外翻外侧松解背侧入路的研究

目的探讨关节镜下行躅外翻外侧松解背侧入路的可行性及方法。方法解剖研究采用10具新鲜保留踝关节的足部标本。在关节镜监视下,以钩刀松解外侧关节囊和躅内收肌斜头。观察各入路与周围神经血管、肌腱之间的关系,并统计松解范围。临床研究对5例躅外翻患者行关节镜下外侧松解加内侧软组织紧缩手术,患者均为女性,平均年龄30岁。术前躅外翻角为24^o-38^o,平均30^o,跖间角为9^o-11^o,平均10^o。结果解剖研究近侧切口与躅短伸肌腱非常接近,为0—3mm,平均1．5mm;与躅长伸肌腱相距为1—4mm,平均2．4mm。远侧切口与第一趾背动脉和趾背神经非常接近,为1～3mm,平均1、4mm,极易损伤。6例正常足中,1例松解跖籽骨韧带,1例作部分松解（70％）。在4例足母外翻足中,2例松解跖籽骨韧带,1例作了部分松解（50％）。临床研究5例患者平均随访时间9个月。最后一次随访时X线片示足母外翻角4^o-9^o,平均7^o,跖间角8^o～10^o,平均9^o。患者均恢复良好,对外形满意,未见肌腱损伤、麻木、感染、跖趾关节僵硬等并发症发生。结论背侧入路关节镜下外侧松解是可行的,其手术切口较小,镜下视野清晰,可以根据需要松解外侧结构的各个部分,由于不损伤血管,减少了跖骨头坏死的发生。     

Y染色体微缺失与男性不育研究进展

约 10 %～ 15 %原因不明的无精子症和 5 %～ 10 %严重少精子症存在Y染色体AZF微缺失 ,该不育人群借助ICSI技术可产生子代 ,但同时可将微缺失垂直传播给男性后代引起不育。本文从Y染色体微缺失的频率位置、基因型和表型的关系、缺失的来源机制、检测手段、助孕技术与其关系等几个方面予以综述 ,以进一步理解男性不育的原因 ,从而为诊断、治疗提供一条新途径     

生物喋呤合成酶抑制剂对烫伤大鼠金葡菌脓毒症的保护效应及机制

目的　探讨生物喋呤合成限速酶抑制剂 - 2 ,4 二胺 6 羟基嘧啶 (DAHP)对金黄色葡萄球菌 (简称金葡菌 )脓毒症的保护效应及机制。　方法　 5 6只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、2 0 %TBSAⅢ度烫伤对照组、烫伤后金葡菌感染组和DAHP拮抗组。无菌留取大鼠心、肝、肺、肾组织检测三磷酸鸟苷环水解酶I(GTP CHI)、诱生型一氧化氮合酶 (iNOS)及肿瘤坏死因子α (TNFα )基因表达 ,同时测定组织中四氢生物喋呤 (BH4)和一氧化氮 (NO)的水平。　结果　烫伤后金葡菌感染可导致组织GTP CHI基因表达广泛上调、BH4合成显著增加。同时 ,组织iNOSmRNA表达和NO水平亦明显升高 ,其中肝、肺改变尤为显著。给予DAHP不仅可显著抑制各组织GTP CHImRNA表达和BH4的产生 (P<0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ,iNOSmRNA表达和NO的生成亦明显受抑 ,同时TNFα表达也明显降低。此外 ,DAHP拮抗组动物 6h死亡率有所降低 (分别为 2 5 .0 %和 5 5 .6 % ,P =0 .0 8)。　结论　DAHP早期干预可在一定程度上改善革兰阳性菌脓毒症动物的预后 ,其机制可能与DAHP抑制体内BH4和NO的产生有关。     

烫伤合并金葡菌感染大鼠组织CD14 mRNA的改变

目的　探讨细菌脂多糖受体CD14在烫伤合并金黄色葡萄球菌 (金葡菌 )感染中的变化规律及其意义。　方法　采用大鼠 2 0 %总体表面积Ⅲ度烫伤合并金葡菌攻击造成脓毒症模型 ,动态检测心、肝、肺、肾等重要器官中CD14mRNA表达的改变 ,同时观察内毒素在动物循环及主要脏器内的分布特点。　结果　烫伤合并金葡菌脓毒症早期 ,各脏器内毒素含量即明显高于正常对照组 ,并于2～ 6h达峰值 ,其中以肝、肺组织内毒素水平升高幅度最为显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。而血浆内毒素水平亦于伤后 2h显著高于正常对照组 (分别为 0 .30 5 6EU/ml和 0 .12 5 0EU/ml,P <0 .0 5 )。与此同时 ,小肠组织中二胺氧化酶的活性明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。烫伤合并金葡菌感染后 ,各组织CD14mRNA的表达亦呈不同程度升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其中肺脏改变尤为显著 ,伤后 6、2 4h肺脏CD14mRNA表达分别为正常对照组的 1.80和 1.81倍。　结论　烫伤合并金葡菌攻击可导致内毒素移位和组织CD14mR NA表达不同程度升高 ,CD14基因表达的上调可能与移位内毒素的刺激作用有关。     

The effect of 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxy-pyrimidine on postburn Staphylococcus aureus sepsis in rats

GTP-cyclohydrolase I (GTP-CHI) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme for the de novo biosynthesis of biopterin. The present study was to observe the effect of 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxy-pyrimidine (DAHP),an inhibtor of GTP-CHI, on the development of postburn Staphylococcus aureus sepsis. Methods: 56 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: normal control group (n= 10), scald control group(n= 10),pos tburn sepsis group (n= 20) and DA HP treatment group (n= 16). In the scald control group, rats were subjected to a 20% total body surface area (TBSA) Ⅲ° scald injury, then sacrificed at 24 hrs. In the postburn sepsis group (n=20), rats were inflicted with 20% TBSA Ⅲ° scald followed by Staphylococcus aureus challenge, and they were further divided into 2 and 6 hrs groups. In the DAHP treatment group (n= 16), animals were intraperitoneally injected with a dose of 1g/kg DAHP prior to Staphylococcus aureus challenge, and then further divided into 2, 6 hrs groups. Tissue samples from liver, kidneys, lungs and heart were collected to determine GTP-CHI, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA expression. Meanwhile, biopterin and nitric oxide (NO) levels in these tissues were also measured. Results: After the scald injury followed by Staphylococcus aureus challenge, GTP-CHI mRNA expression and biopterin levels significantly elevated in various tissues such as liver, heart, kidneys and lungs, so did the values of iNOS mRNA expression and NO formation (P＜0.01). Pretreatment with DAHP could significantly reduce GTP-CHI/biopterin induction (P＜0. 05～0. 01), and the up-regulation of iNOS/NO was also suppressed. Furthermore, DAHP administration could also inhibit the gene expression of TNF-α. 2 hrs after septic challenge, TNF-α mRNA expression in liver, kidneys and lungs in DAHP-treated group were 35.7%, 37.3% and 33.0% of those in postburn septic group, respectively. Additionally, in animals without DAHP treatment, the 6-hour mortality was 55.6% (20/36), while it was only 25.0% in DAHP-treated animals (4/16, P=0. 08). Conclusions: Early treatment with DAHP might be a potential strategy to prevent the development of postburn Staphylococcal sepsis, which appears to be associated with down-regulation of biopterin and NO formation by DAHP.     

原发性胆管癌的螺旋CT诊断分析

目的分析原发性胆管癌的螺旋CT表现特征。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的87例胆管癌的螺旋CT平扫及动态增强表现特征。结果肝内周围型胆管癌（19例）平扫呈相对低密度或等密度肿块，增强扫描肝动脉期17例呈边缘环状强化，2例无强化，门静脉期12例呈中心强化，延迟期中心强化更明显，坏死区无强化；48例肝门区胆管癌中42例呈浸润性肿块，增强早期呈轻至中度强化，晚期强化明显，少数无强化；肝外胆管癌（20例）多呈浸润性生长或表现为腔内乳头状肿块，增强早期呈中度强化，晚期明显强化。结论螺旋CT多期增强扫描，是诊断原发性胆管癌的重要影像检查方法，能较准确地显示各类胆管癌的生长特征，延迟扫描对胆管癌的诊断和鉴别诊断有重要参考价值。     

Changes in the Masseter Muscle After Curved Osteotomy of the Prominent Mandibular Angle

Background This study aimed to explore the changes in the masseter muscle after curved osteotomy of the prominent mandibular angle and to supply guidance for resection of the mandibular angle. Methods Ultrasonography was used to assess changes in the thickness of the masseter muscle after curved osteotomy for 10 patients (20 hemimandibles) at the 6-month following-up assessment. The measurements were performed under both relaxing and maximal clenching positions through three cross sections of the masseter muscle (planes A, B, and C). Plane A contains the line from the mouth angle to the ipsilateral ear lobe. Planes B and C are parallel planes above and below plane A with a distance of 1 cm between them. Results No significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative thicknesses of the masseter muscle for planes A and B (p > 0.05) was found, but there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) for plane C. The postoperative thickness of the masseter muscle in plane C was reduced by 0.244 ± 0.121 cm in the relaxing position and by 0.244 ± 0.142 cm in the clenching position, which were respectively 19.22% ± 7.785% and 15.404% ± 7.648% of its original thickness. There was no significant difference in the contraction amplitude of the masseter muscle under maximal clenching (p > 0.05) for any of the three cross sections postoperatively. Conclusions The masseter muscle around the mandibular angle becomes atrophied but without functional defect after curved osteotomy. Patients with prominent mandibular angles can be treated simply with curved osteotomy instead of masseter excision.     

球囊单侧扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的探讨球囊单侧扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效和安全性.方法2004年12月～2006年12月采用球囊单侧扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗30例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者,共44个伤椎,其中男13例19个伤椎,女17例25个伤椎;年龄66～83岁,平均72岁;骨折部位为T7～L5椎体,术前CT显示椎体后壁均完整.结果30例患者均手术顺利,3例3个椎体前缘有少许未引起临床症状的骨水泥渗漏,其余椎体X线片上均未见明显骨水泥渗漏.所有患者术后48h内疼痛明显减轻或消失并可下床活动,住院4～12 d.随访6～24个月,平均14个月,术前平均疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)为8.6±0.2分,术后为2.0±0.3分,末次随访时为2.1±0.2分,术后评分显著低于术前(P＜0.01);Oswestry功能评分由术前43.1±1.1分降低到术后20.3±1.2分和末次随访21.1±1.2分(P＜0.01);伤椎前、中柱的平均高度由术前15.1±1.8mm增加到术后24.3±2.1 mm和末次随访24.4±1.8 mm,手术前后差异有显著性(P＜0.05).脊柱后凸Cobb角由术前平均21.2°±4.3°减小到术后10.1°±3.2°和末次随访10.2°±3.3°(P＜0.05).结论球囊单侧扩张椎体后凸成形术可有效恢复骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折椎体的高度,缓解疼痛,改善患者的脊柱功能及减少骨水泥渗漏,临床疗效满意.     

垂直提升联合整形术治疗眼睑松弛

目的：从整体上解决眼周松驰的状况，改善眼眉形态，一次性完成眼周整形。方法：根据眼睑松驰程度，选择重睑，眉部、眼袋切口去除松驰的眼睑皮肤、多余脂肪；悬吊轮匝肌韧带，对眶缘新月形凹陷，释放眶脂充填、固定，紧缩眶隔筋膜，垂直向上、外上提升松驰之上睑，固定轮匝肌于眉弓骨膜或眶外缘骨膜上，皮肤切口向上垂直提升缝合，一次完成上、下睑松驰的矫正。结果：经治疗的34例上、下睑松驰患者术后上、下睑松驰均得到矫正，眉位置得到上提，下睑眶缘凹陷得到充填。眼角额部皱纹减少。结论：上、下睑松驰经联合手术垂直提升皮肤、肌肉、改善眉位置后，一次性完成了眼周整形，达到了较好的美学效果。