创伤院前急救的气道管理

本文将有关创伤院前急救时遇到的呼吸问题和急救技术进行总结、分类,其核心是对所有严重创伤患者进行阶梯化的呼吸管理——评估、预防和干预,使伤病员获得及时、有效的呼吸支持。     

硒化合物对人脐带间充质干细胞ROS和NO生成及NOS活性的影响

目的:通过观察不同的硒化合物对人脐带间充质干细胞(MSCs)一氧化氮(NO)、活性氧(ROS)的生成及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的影响,初步探讨硒的免疫调节作用机制。方法:在MSCs培养的过程中,分别添加0.1μmol/L和0.5μmol/L亚硒酸钠[Se(Ⅳ)]、硒代胱氨酸(Se-Cys)、纳米硒(Nano-Se),采用硝酸还原酶法检测24 h和48 h MSCs NO和NOS活性的变化,通过DCFH-DA荧光探针检测细胞内ROS。结果:在24 h,对照组、0.1μmol/L和0.5μmol/L Se(Ⅳ)处理MSCs的NO水平分别是(18.13±6.80)μmol/L、(20.93±5.68)μmol/L和(16.73±5.03)μmol/L。在48 h,0.1μmol/L和0.5μmol/L Se(IV)处理MSCs的NO水平分别是(17.20±9.11)μmol/L(P0.05)和(9.98±4.35)μmol/L(P0.01),明显低于对照组的(26.23±4.35)μmol/L。Se(IV)对ROS和NOS有明显的抑制作用,Se-Cys和Nano-Se对NO、ROS的生成和NOS活性没有明显影响。结论:Se(Ⅳ)对MSCs NO、ROS的生成和NOS活性有明显的抑制效应。     

青年人在高原适宜负重的实验研究

探讨不同海拔高度和不同步速条件下的适宜负重，对于确定高原作业人员合理负重有指导意义。本工作通过高原模拟负重步行试验（跑台）提出适宜负重。在海拔３７００ｍ，步行速度分为４．０、４．５和５．０ｋｍ／ｈ；负重分别为体重的０、１４％、２１％、２８％、３５％和４２％。在海拔４３００ｍ，步行速度分别为３．０、３．５和４．０ｋｍ／ｈ；负重分别为体重的Ｏ、１４％、２１％、２８％、３５％。在海拔５２００ｍ，步行速度分别为２．０、２．５和３．０ｋｍ／ｈ；负重分别为体重的０、７％、１４％、２１％、２８％和３５％。在每个海拔高度上选择移居半年以上的青年学生１２人作为受试对象。每人参加不同速度与不同负重步行试验。根据很累感发生率、ＶＥ、ＨＲ、恢复ＨＲ和Ｅ的改变确定适宜负重。结果表明，在海拔３７００ｍ，速度为４．０、４．５和５．０ｋｍ／ｈ时的适宜负重分别为２０．８、１７．４和１４．１ｋｇ。在海拔４３００ｍ，速度为３．０、３．５和４．０ｋｍ／ｈ时的适宜负重分别为１８．４、１４．３和１０．２ｋｇ。在海拔５２００ｍ，速度为２．０、２．５和３．０ｋｍ／ｈ时的适宜负重分别１７．３、１４．２和１１．４ｋｇ。     

D-二聚体在膀胱肿瘤诊断中的应用及手术影响

目的探讨D-二聚体含量在膀胱肿瘤诊断中的应用及手术创伤对其含量的影响。方法通过定量酶联免疫吸附试验对43例膀胱移行细胞癌患者行D-二聚体测定。结果肿瘤患者血浆D-二聚体含量较非肿瘤患者及正常组明显增高（P＜0.01）,水后膀胱肿瘤患者及非肿瘤患者血浆D-二聚体含量较术前明显增高（P＜0.01）,肿瘤患者高于非肿瘤患者（P＜0.01）。结论膀胱肿瘤患者体内处于继发性纤溶活性增高状态。手术创伤可增强肿瘤患者和非肿瘤患者血浆纤溶活性增高状态。     

用mRNA差异显示法筛选和鉴定反复高GZ暴露大鼠脑损伤相关基因

目的 筛选和鉴定反复高Ｇｚ暴露大鼠脑损伤相关基因。方法 １６只ＳＤ大鼠随机分为对照组、＋Ｇｚ重复暴露后３０ｍｉｎ、６ｈ和２４ｈ４组,每组４只。对照组大鼠Ｇ值为＋１Ｇｚ,实验组大鼠在动物离心机上经历了３次＋１４Ｇｚ／４５ｓ（两次间间隔３０ｍｉｎ）作用。分别于暴露后３０ｍｉｎ、６ｈ和２４ｈ处死大鼠取脑,提取总ＲＮＡ。取对照组和＋Ｇｚ暴露后６ｈ组大鼠脑总ＲＮＡ,用ｍＲＮＡ差异显示（ＤＤＰＣＲ）的方法,筛选＋Ｇｚ暴露大鼠脑差异表达基因。用３组锚定引物和６组随机引物作不同组合进行ＰＣＲ扩增。用Ｓｌｏｔ ｂｌｏｔ方法分析差异表达基因在对照组和＋Ｇｚ暴露后３０ｍｉｎ、６ｈ和２４ｈ组大鼠脑中表达情况。结果 获得的差异表达片段,经斑点杂交进一步筛选,克隆了３个强阳性片段,并进行序列分析,与Ｇｅｎｅｂａｎｋ等数据库进行同源比较,没     

应用心电脉冲技术降低64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的辐射剂量

Objective To evaluate the value of reducing radiation dose with ECG-pulsing and image quality in 64-row multi-alice CT coronary angiography.Methods Fifty-nine consecutive patients whose heart rates were less than 80 beat per minute and cardiac rhythm was regular were randomly divided into two groups from October 26, 2007 to March 12, 2008.Conventional technique of CT coronary angiography was employed in group 1, while ECG-pulsing technique was applied in group 2.CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were obtained automatically, and then the corresponding effective dose (ED) were calculated.The quality scores were performed on obtained imaging by using double blind method.Student t-test was applied in the comparison of value of CTDIvol, value of ED and quality of imagiugbetween two groups.Results The value of CTDIvol was (70.0±1.1) and (39.0±2.7) mGy, the value of ED was (16.8±2.0) and (9.5±1.7) rosy in group 1 and group 2, respectively, which reached statistically significant differences between the groups(t=57.675,15.346 ,P <0.01, respectively). The quality scores of coronary images were 3.8±0.2 and 3.8±0.1 in the groups, which did not reach the statistical significance (t=-0.222, P 0.05).Conclusions The proper application of ECG-Pulsing technology in 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography can reduce radiation dose significantly while having no influence on the quality of the imaging.     

Changes of interleukin-1 β, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6 in brain and plasma after brain injury in rats

Objective: To study the changes of interleukin-1 β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in brain and plasma after brain injury and to assess the relationship between the cytokine levels and injury severity in rats. Methods. A total of 51 male Wistar rats, weighing 280-340g, were anesthetized with chloral hydrate(400 mg/kg body weight) through intraperitoneal injection and fixed on a stereotaxic instrument. Severe brain injury was created in 16 rats (severe injury group) and moderate brain injury in 18 rats (moderate injury group) by a fluid percussion model, and cytokine levels of IL-1β, TNFα and IL-6 were measured with biological assay. And sham operation was made on the other 17 rats (control group). Results: In the control group, the levels of IL-1β,TNFα and IL-6 were hardly detected in the cortex of the rats, but in the ipsilateral cortex of the rats in both injury groups, they increased obviously at 8 hours after injury.The increasing degree of these cytokines had no significant difference between the two injury groups. The levels of IL-6 in the plasma of all the rats increased slightly, whereas the levels of IL-1β and TNFα were undetectable. Conc|usions: The increase of IL-1β, TNFα and IL-6 levels is closely related to brain injury. The increased cytokine levels in the central nervous system are not parallel to those in the peripheral blood. It suggests that inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the secondary neural damage after brain injury.     

血管活性物质一氧化氮、血栓素A2/前列环素I2与肝脏缺血再灌注损伤

探讨血管活性物质一氧化氮，血栓素A2／前列环素I2在肝脏缺血再灌注损伤中的作用。方法：通过大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤模型，检测再灌注不同时限肝静脉一氧化氮血含量及肝组织血栓A2／前列环素I2含量的变化。结果：肝脏缺血再灌注损伤时，肝静脉血一氧化氮含量明显降低；肝组织血栓素A2升高较前列环素I2更明显，导致血栓素A2／前列环素I2比例持续升高，左旋精氨酸可提高肝静脉一氧化氮含量，谷丙转氨酶有所降低。结论：血管活性物质一氧化氮，血栓素A2／前列环素I2参与了肝脏缺血再灌注损伤。应用具有舒张血管及抗血小板聚集血栓形成的制剂，对减轻再灌注损伤起有益作用。