Activation of the Ki-ras protooncogene in spontaneously occurring and chemically induced lung tumors of the strain A mouse.

The strain A mouse has a high incidence of spontaneous lung tumors and is susceptible to lung tumor induction by chemical carcinogens. By utilizing transfection assay, Southern blot analysis, and DNA amplification techniques, we have detected an activated Ki-ras gene in the DNAs of both spontaneously occurring and chemically induced lung tumors of strain A mice. The point mutations in the spontaneous lung tumors were in both codon 12 (60%) and codon 61 (30%). In contrast, 100% of the mutations in the Ki-ras gene detected in methylnitrosourea-induced lung tumors and 93% of the mutations in the Ki-ras genes detected in benzo[a]pyrene-induced lung tumors were in codon 12, whereas 90% of the mutations in the Ki-ras genes detected in ethyl carbamate-induced lung tumors were in codon 61. The selectivity of mutations in the Ki-ras oncogene observed in chemically induced tumors, as compared to spontaneous tumors, suggests that these chemicals directly induce point mutations in the Ki-ras protooncogene. These data indicate that the strain A mouse lung tumor model is a very sensitive system to detect the ability of chemicals to activate the Ki-ras protooncogene in lung tissue.     

神经上皮组织起源的脑肿瘤中连接蛋白的表达

目的　探讨连接蛋白 (Cx) 43、3 2在神经上皮组织起源的脑肿瘤中表达及其与肿瘤的病理类型、恶性程度的关系。方法　利用Cx43、Cx3 2和Ki 67单抗或多抗对 8例正常脑组织、5 0例神经上皮组织起源的脑肿瘤和 4个恶性脑瘤体外细胞系进行免疫组化检测。结果　神经上皮组织起源的脑肿瘤中Cx表达阳性率为 5 4% ,Cx3 2仅在低恶度少枝胶质细胞瘤中表达 ,Cx43表达随WHO分级升高而下降 ;与Ki 67标记指数 (LI)呈负相关。表达缺失多见于高Ki 67LI者。结论　神经上皮组织起源的脑肿瘤中CX 表达可下降或缺失 ,Cx43表达与肿瘤的病理类型及恶性程度密切相关     

增加腹部活动对腹膜透析小分子溶质转运的影响

目的 :探讨腹部震荡和摇摆是否能增加小分子溶质转运和膜腹透析的效能。方法 :采用自身前后对照 ,观察了 18例连续不卧床腹膜透析 (CAPD)患者及 6只雄性新西兰兔腹膜透析模型 ,摇摆和腹部震荡前后透出液内溶质 (D)与血浆中相应溶质 (P)比值 (D/P)及溶质转运面积系数 (MTAC)和引流量的变化。结果 :在震动与非震动组肌酐D/P值及在 45min与 6min具有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而两组蛋白质D/P值及引流量比较差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。CAPD患者低频组与高频组 2h和 4h尿素氮D/P值及 2h肌酐D/P值较基础值均明显增加 (P <0 0 1或 0 0 5 ) ,而两组间比较差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;蛋白质D/P值及引流量与基础蛋白质D/P值及引流量比较均无差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :摇摆和腹部震荡均能增加小分子尿素氮和肌酐的转运 ,对大分子蛋白质转运及超滤量无影响 ,提示增加CAPD病人的活动能提高腹膜透析的效能。     

移植肾动脉狭窄影像学诊断方法的比较研究

目的:对移植肾动脉狭窄的影像学诊断方法进行比较和评价.方法:对我院所行1 524例(1 604例次)同种异体肾移植手术中明确发现移植肾动脉狭窄的14例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.14例均行彩色多普勒超声(CDI)及数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,其中4例还进行了移植肾动脉磁共振血管造影(MRA)检查.另选择20例正常移植肾患者作为正常对照组也行CDI检查.结果:14例中有移植肾动脉吻合口明显狭窄者4例,均行移植肾动脉经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA);有移植肾动脉吻合口远端近肾门处明显狭窄者4例,其中2例行移植肾动脉探查及狭窄区松解术(另2例药物控制血压,拒绝进一步治疗);术后血压均基本恢复正常.余6例均为移植肾动脉吻合口轻度狭窄,服用药物能控制血压.结论:(1)CDI是一种无创性检查方法,可反复观察,对观察移植肾血流及血流指数的变化有一定的意义.(2)MRA是目前最为新颖的诊断手段,对患者无创伤性,能初步显示血管狭窄的部位和程度,今后可作为常规检查方法用于指导治疗.(3)DSA虽属创伤性检查,但诊断确切,能明确显示血管狭窄的部位和程度,并能同时行腔内治疗.     

机化性肺炎的临床与CT诊断

目的:了解机化性肺炎的临床与CT特征.材料和方法:回顾性分析42例病理确诊为机化性肺炎患者的临床资料和CT图像.结果:最常见的临床症状为咳嗽、咳痰(25/42例)和胸痛(16/42).CT显示绝大多数病灶位于两肺周围带,边缘不规则,形态从圆形到多边形,20/42例可见充气支气管征,10/42例有空洞,30/42例胸膜增厚.结论:熟悉机化性肺炎的CT表现有助于临床诊断和鉴别诊断.     

女性年龄与体外受精胚胎移植结果的关系

目的　探讨女性年龄与体外受精 胚胎移植结果的关系。方法　分析IVF ET 10 6个起始周期、90个移植周期的临床资料 ,按女性年龄≤ 30岁 ,31～ 34岁 ,≥ 35岁分Ⅰ ,Ⅱ ,Ⅲ组 ,比较取消率、Gn用量、卵泡数、回收卵子数、受精数、卵裂数、优质胚胎数、受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率及临床妊娠率的差别。结果　 3组的取消率分别为 12 .5 0 % ,2 .78% ,33 .33 % ,三组间相比差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;Gn用量分别为 (2 8.71± 5 .45 )支、(33 .46± 7.5 1)支、(34.0 5± 5 .78)支 ,3组相比 ,Ⅰ组与Ⅱ ,Ⅲ组差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组之间差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;各组间卵泡数、周期取卵数、受精数、卵裂数、优质胚胎数无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;3组受精率分别为 74.49% ,6 8.0 7% ,6 7.82 % ,各组间相比 ,Ⅰ组与Ⅱ ,Ⅲ组差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组间差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;而卵裂率、优质胚胎率无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;3组的每移植周期妊娠率分别是 45 .71% ,2 5 .71% ,15 .0 0 % ,各组间相比差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　女性年龄是影响IVF ET成功的重要因素     

Monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid during and after acute cerebral ischemia

In order to understand the role of monoamines in cerebral ischemia, 3-methyoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol(MHPG), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and homovanillic acid(HVA), the three major unconjugated monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), of 33 patients and 18 controls were measured with high performance liquid chromatography. Results showed all three metabolites were raised in patients with severe ischemia, but only MHPG and 5-HIAA were elevated significantly, MHPG changes more quickly and regularly as a consequence of cerebral ischemia than the two others. A positive correlation between any pair of metabolites was found in controls and in patients in the first week after stroke, but not at the end of the second week. Computer assisted multivariate analysis indicated 5-HIAA and MHPG correlated more closely with the state of illness in the acute stage, whereas HVA correlated the least. Possible explanations for the changes of CSF levels of amine metabolites are discussed.     

DNA酸解后甲基绿——派洛宁改良染色法在胃癌,食管癌诊断中的应用

目的 对ＤＮＡ酸解后甲基酸－－派洛宁染色进行改良并用于肿瘤诊断。方法 收集已明确诊断的常规外检标本胃癌及食管癌共１２６例，应用改良染色法对ＤＮＡ酸解后组织进行染色观察。结果 被染组织色彩艳丽可清楚显示肿瘤细胞的染色强度及染色数量，清楚显示肥大细胞的形态特点，也显示其他多种组织成分。结论 ＤＮＡ酸解后甲基绿－－派洛宁改良染色法可用于判定肿瘤的增殖活性及分化程度，用于区别良、恶性病变，也适用于其他病理外检的诊断及组织形态学研究。     

参芪扶正注射液联合化疗治疗恶性肿瘤的临床研究

目的比较参芪扶正注射液联合化疗与单纯化疗治疗恶性肿瘤的临床疗效及不良反应。方法入选的62例患者随机分为两组,观察组32例,采用参芪扶正联合化疗,平均化疗5.7周期。对照组30例,单纯化疗,平均化疗5.6周期。结果观察组完全缓解（CR）3例,部分缓解（PR）12例,稳定（NC）11例,进展（PD）6例,总有效率46.9%。对照组CR 1例,PR 9例,NC 11例,PD 9例,总有效率33.3%。治疗组与对照组比较,治疗组T细胞亚群CD3、CD4和CD4/CD8比值明显升高,差异有显著性（P〈0.01）。治疗组生活质量较对照组明显改善。结论参芪扶正注射液联合化疗治疗恶性肿瘤可以减轻化疗的不良反应,使患者化疗依从性更好,增强机体的免疫功能,改善患者生活质量。     

阿司匹林与可待因的协同镇痛作用研究

通过小鼠热板致痛试验模型、小鼠醋酸致扭体反应试验模型以及大鼠光热辐射所致痛反应试验模型来研究阿司匹林和可待因的协同镇痛作用.结果表明,两药同用可以使镇痛作用加强,镇痛E琏0减小,表明两者的镇痛作用协同.