Identification of trace organic pollutants in freshwater sources in Eastern China and estimation of their associated human health risks

Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in ten water samples (four pairs of tap water with source water and two additional tap water) were analyzed and a US EPA algorithm was used to estimate their associated human health risks. Organochlorine pesticides were found in most samples analyzed. Concentrations of total PAHs ranged from 4.8 to 84.4 and 0.7 to 53.8 ng/l, for source and tap water, respectively. Carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk assessments were employed for various trace organic pollutants in the tap water. The results indicated that carcinogenic risk for male and female lifetime of tap water from XuZh (XZ) city was higher than the others. XZ located in the northern part of Jiangsu province, which takes ground water as the water source. Children were more vulnerable to the carcinogenic chemicals than adults. Carcinogenic risks for male children (0–14 years old) in XZ were the highest, reaching 3.68 × 10⁻⁶. Contribution analysis showed that dibenz[a,h]anthracene contributed most to the carcinogenic risk in XZ city, and α-HCH, β-HCH and γ-HCH posed the most carcinogenic risk in tap water from GoHu (GH) in Eastern Taihu Lake. Additionally, noncarcinogenic risks posed by the detected chemicals to local people were negligible. Risk alleviation strategies should be adopted, taking into account the results of these health risk assessments.     

Studies on exposure status of inhabitants to water-arsenic valence states in areas with endemic arsenism in the Datong basin in Shanxi

This study aimed to describe the distribution of water-arsenic (As) valence states and its relationship to areas with endemic arsenism in the Datong basin. Drinking water samples of patients with endemic arsenism and a control group were examined using hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS). We analyzed the data using SPSS10.0 for Windows. The As(III)/As ratio was 52.1% in the water sample, exceeding the national standard of 0.05 mg/L. The As(III)/As ratio significantly varied among the different stages in the disease-state groups, and with the control group (χ ² = 22.4, P<0.01). The As(III)/As(V) ratio significantly varied in the four groups (χ ² = 26.19, P<0.01), with a tendency to increase along with the seriousness of the disease state. The most common type of drinking water arsenic valence state was As(III) in the endemic disease-areas. Endemic arsenism was positively correlated with As(III). This led us to conclude that the fraction of each water-arsenic valence state should be studied when determining the arsenic content of drinking water. Translated from Chinese Journal of Endemiology, 2006, 25(1): 64–66 [译自: 中国地方病学杂志]     

孟鲁司特钠联合喜炎平注射液治疗小儿呼吸道合胞病毒感染肺炎的临床研究

目的 探讨孟鲁司特钠联合喜炎平注射液治疗小儿呼吸道合胞病毒感染肺炎的疗效观察。方法 选取2018年1月—2019年12月阜南县人民医院收治的90例小儿呼吸道合胞病毒感染肺炎患儿,按照治疗方法将患儿分为对照组和观察组,每组各45例。对照组喜炎平注射液与100 mL 5%葡萄糖溶液混合静脉滴注,5 mg/（kg·d）,1次/d,疗程为2周。观察组在对照组治疗的基础上口服孟鲁司特钠片,10 mg/次,1次/d,持续治疗2周。对比两组患者临床治疗效果、临床症状改善时间、可溶性细胞间黏附分子1（sICAM-1）、半胱氨酰白三烯（CysLTs）水平及再次喘息发生率。结果 治疗后,观察组临床总有效率为95.56%,显著高于对照组的80.00%,差异具有统计学差异（P<0.05）。治疗后,观察组患者喘息改善时间,退烧时间和啰音消失时间均短于对照组,差异具有统计学差异（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组外周血sICAM-1、CysLTs水平均低于治疗前,且观察组外周血sICAM-1、CysLTs水平显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学差异（P<0.05）。治疗期间,观察组再次喘息发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学差异（P<0.05）。结论 孟鲁司特钠联合喜炎平注射液治疗小儿呼吸道合胞病毒感染肺炎有较好的疗效,有助于降低sICAM-1和CysLTs水平,临床上值得继续推广。     

南阳市通过评审验收静脉用药调配中心现状调查

目的 了解南阳市通过评审验收静脉用药调配中心(PIVAS)运行现状,分析该市PIVAS建立和运行中存在的问题,探讨符合该地区发展需要的工作模式.方法 采用问卷调查和电话采访,调查南阳市通过评审验收PIVAS的有关情况.结果 几家医院PIVAS建造模式主要为企业援建与医院自建两种方式,工作模式以药护结合为主,几家医院都未在全院开展调配服务,药学人员配备不足,整体素质偏低.结论 PIVAS是未来医院药学发展的一个重要方向,各家医院应重视PIVAS的建设和药学技术人员综合能力的培养,以利于该学科健康发展.     

中药金丹肝泰防治大鼠急性肝损伤实验研究

目的:研究金丹肝泰的护肝作用.方法:用D 氨基半乳糖(D GalN)制备大鼠急性肝损伤模型.通过检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性并观察光镜下肝组织的病理学改变,探讨中药金丹肝泰对急性肝损伤的保护作用.结果:口服金丹肝泰浸膏可显著降低急性肝损伤大鼠血清ALT和AST水平,减轻肝细胞的变性坏死.结论:金丹肝泰对肝细胞具有一定的保护作用.     

头孢克肟混悬剂与颗粒剂的药物动力学及生物等效性

目的　比较头孢克肟混悬剂与头孢克肟颗粒剂在健康志愿者体内的药物动力学及生物等效性 ,确保临床用药质量。方法　采用开放、随机、1周清洗间歇的二阶段自身交叉对照试验法 ,1 8例健康男性志愿者单剂量口服头孢克肟 2 0 0mg ,于服药 0、0 5、1、2、3、4、5、6、8、1 2、1 6和 2 4h采集血清样品 ,用RP HPLC法测定血清中头孢克肟的浓度 ,并拟合药动学参数 ,以双单侧t检验法比较头孢克肟两种制剂AUC、Cmax和Tmax间的差异。结果　头孢克肟混悬剂与头孢克肟颗粒剂在健康志愿者体内的药 时曲线均符合一级吸收的单室开放模型 ,主要药动学参数 :Tmax(实测值 )分别为 (3 2 1± 0 4 2 )和 (3 2 1± 0 4 2 )h ,Cmax(实测值 )分别为 (3 32± 0 4 1 )和 (3 1 2± 0 4 3) μg/ml,AUC0～ 2 4 分别为 (30 61± 4 0 5)和 (2 8 52± 3 1 3)h·mg/L。经配对双单侧t检验法比较 ,头孢克肟两种制剂各主要药动学参数间均无统计学差异 (P >0 0 5) ,头孢克肟混悬剂对头孢克肟颗粒剂的相对生物利用度为 1 0 7 3 %。结论　头孢克肟两种制剂在健康志愿者体内具有相同的生物效应。     

延髓背外侧综合征的临床及影像学研究

目的探讨延髓背外侧综合征（lateral medullary syndrome,LMS）的临床及影像学特点。方法回顾性分析26例延髓背外侧综合征的临床及影像学资料。结果26例均急性或亚急性起病,首发症状为头晕、言语不清、吞咽困难者22例,占84.6%。常见的临床表现有吞咽困难、声音嘶哑、饮水呛咳（88.5%）;眩晕、呕吐、眼震（76.9%）;共济失调（61.5%）;Horner征（53.8%）以及交叉性感觉障碍（50.0%）。MRI以延髓背外侧长T1长T2信号为主要影像学特征。26例患者经治疗均好转出院,其中痊愈6例（23.7%）20例遗留有一定的后遗症,包括咽反射减弱6例,共济失调5例,感觉障碍5例,轻度Horner征3例,轻度周围性面瘫1例。结论延髓背外侧综合征首发症状多为头晕、言语不清、吞咽困难。MRI检查对诊断的敏感性高。早期诊断、早期治疗、预防并发症的发生是改善预后的关键。     

仙人掌中的两个新酚性羧酸酯

从仙人掌块茎中分得二个新酚性羟酸酯和六个已知化合物。根据其理化性质和波谱学方法鉴定它们的结构为2－（4－羟基－苄基－）苹果到－4－正丁酯（1）－2－（4－羟基－苄基）－苹果酸－4－甲酯（2），2－（4－羟基－苄基）－苹果酸（3），蒲公英萜醇－3－乙酸酯（4），软木三萜酮（5），羽扇豆－3－酮（6），亚油酸甲酯（7）和油酸甲酯（8），其中（1）和（2）为新化合物，（3），（4），（6），（7）和（8）为首的次从仙人掌中分得。     

Translocation of classical PKC and cortical granule exocytosis of human oocyte in germinal vesicle and metaphase Ⅱ stage

AIM: Protein kinase C (PKC) is as a family of serine/threonine kinases that can be activated by Ca2+, phospholipid and diacylglycerol. PKC plays an important role in oocyte maturation and activation. This study was undertaken to investigate classical PKC (cPKC) in human oocyte maturation and activation. METHODS: Germinal vesicle (GV) and metaphase II (MII) stage oocytes were collected from healthy women. The expression and distribution of cPKC were investigated by immunoflourescence. MII oocytes were treated with PKC activator or inhibitor and imaged using a laser confocal scanning microscope (LCSM). RESULTS: In GV oocytes, PKCalpha, beta1 and gamma were localized to the germinal vesicles, with a weak expression in ooplasm. In MII oocytes, PKCalpha, beta1 and gamma were distributed evenly in ooplasm. After treatment with PKC activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), cPKC translocated to the periphery of oocyte, and cortical granules (CG) exocytosis was found. When the oocytes were treated with PKC inhibitor, staurosporine, no translocation of cPKC and CG exocytosis were found. CONCLUSION: PKCalpha, beta1 and gamma exist in human oocytes and activation of these subunits could induce CG exocytosis in MII stage.