牛蒡子苷元现代药理作用研究进展

ARC-G（牛蒡子苷元）为中药牛蒡子中常见的主要活性物质,通过众多学者的潜心钻研,使得ARC-G在药用方面的作用逐渐凸显出来。目前对其药理作用的研究比较深入,有抗炎及增强免疫力、抵御病毒、抗白血病、抑制肿瘤细胞活性和调节血糖等作用。已进行初步研究的药理活性包括抗菌、抵御血小板活化因子（PAF）受体、调节血压稳定以及对于心脏病的调节。本文综述了近几年关于牛蒡子苷元药理作用的文献,以期为更深入地研究ARC-G药理作用以及扩大其临床应用提供参考。     

Mechanisms of the dilator action of the Erigerontis Herba on rat aorta

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Erigerontis Herba is widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine and is commonly used for neuroprotection and vascular protection.

Aim of study

In this study, the vasodilator effects of Erigerontis Herba (DZXX) were investigated using rat isolated aorta rings.

Material and method

The involvement of endothelium in the vasorelaxation was studied by comparing response of endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded aorta rings which precontracted with U46619. The involvement of K⁺ channels was studied by pretreatment of the aorta rings with various K⁺ channel inhibitors. The involvement of Ca²⁺ channel was studied by incubating aorta rings with Ca²⁺-free solution, primed with U46619 prior to elicit contraction by addition of Ca²⁺ solution.

Results

DZXX (0.2–2 mg/ml) induced a concentration-dependent relaxation on U44619-precontracted aorta rings with EC₅₀ of 0.354±0.036 mg/ml. Removal of endothelium or pretreatment with a BK_Ca inhibitor iberiotoxin, K_IR inhibitor barium chloride or K_v inhibitor 4-aminopyridine produced no effect on the DZXX-induced vasorelaxation. However, pretreatment with a K_ATP inhibitor glibenclamide or a non-selective K⁺ channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium produced significant inhibition on the DZXX-induced vasorelaxation by 29.9% and 21.3%, respectively. Pretreatment with DZXX (0.4, 1.2 and 2 mg/ml) produced a concentration-dependent inhibition on Ca²⁺-induced vasoconstriction.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the vasodilator effect of DZXX was endothelium-independent, mediated by decreasing the influx of Ca²⁺ by calcium channel inhibition and increasing the influx of K⁺ by opening of a K_ATP channel.     

紫萁对内毒素诱导的急性肺损伤保护作用机制研究

目的:探讨紫萁水提物对内毒素(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导小鼠的急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)保护作用。方法:于小鼠腹腔注射LPS(5 mg/kg)复制ALI动物模型。将小鼠随机分为空白组对照组、LPS组、地塞米松组(2 mg/kg)、紫萁水提物组(4g/kg、8g/kg)。观察各组肺组织病理学改变,测量肺湿/干重比,支气管肺泡灌洗液中性粒细胞百分比、超氧化歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)、炎症因子白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、前列素E2(PGE2)含量及肺组织中环氧酶-2(COX-2)转录因子(NF-кBP65)蛋白表达。结果:紫萁水提物组(4g/kg、8g/kg)可有效减轻LPS所致肺组织病理学变化,能降低肺泡灌洗液中炎症细胞的数目、MDA、NO、IL-6、TNF-α、PGE2,增加肺泡灌洗液中SOD;著降低肺湿/干重比重,减低COX-2与NF-кBP65蛋白水平。结论:紫萁水提物组(4g/kg、8g/kg)可减轻LPS所致急性肺组织损伤,对LPS诱导的急性肺损伤有保护作用。     

Influence of moxa smoke on mitochondrial transmembrane potential and Bax/Bcl-2 in alveolar type II epithelial A549 cells

Objective

To investigate the influence of moxibustion products on mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) and mRNA expression of Bax/Bcl-2 in alveolar type II epithelial A549 cells, and to further explore influence of moxibustion products on the oxidative damage of A549 cells.

Methods

Smoke and particles generated by moxibustion were collected using the filter box for gas sampling. The moxa smoke extract (MSE) was diluted sequentially to the final concentrations of 0.05 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/mL, 0.3 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL using the cell culture medium, and A549 cells were then intervened by the above MSE solution. Cell MTP was detected by JC-1 staining. Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA expression of A549 cells.

Results

Compared with cells in the normal control group, MTP was significantly decreased in cells of 0.3 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL MSE intervention groups (P<0.01); while MTP showed no significant changes in cells of 0.05 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL and 0.2 mg/mL MSE intervention groups (P>0.05); compared with cells in 0.05 mg/mL MSE intervention group, MTP was decreased significantly in cells of 0.1 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/mL, 0.3 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL MSE intervention groups (P<0.05 ); compared with cells in 0.1 mg/mL MSE intervention group, MTP was decreased significantly in cells of 0.4 mg/mL MSE intervention group (P<0.01). Bax mRNA expression of cells in each concentration of MSE intervention group all showed no significant difference compared to that in the normal control group; Bcl-2 mRNA expression of cells was reduced with the increase of MSE intervention concentration. Wherein, Bcl-2 mRNA expressions of cells in 0.4 mg/mL and 0.3 mg/mL MSE intervention groups were significantly reduced compared with that of cells in the normal control group (P<0.05); Bcl-2 mRNA expression of cells in 0.4 mg/mL MSE intervention group was significantly reduced compared to that in 0.05 mg/mL MSE intervention group (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Certain higher concentration of moxa smoke could reduce MTP and mRNA expression of the anti-apoptosis gene Bcl-2 in alveolar type II epithelial A549 cells. Oxidative damage may be the important mechanism of apoptosis caused by the high concentration of moxa smoke solution, and further studies are necessary on the specific mechanisms.

     

OCTA与ICGA检查在CNV和PCV中的影像对比分析

目的:对比观察脉络膜新生血管(CNV)与息肉状脉络膜血管病变(PCV)在吲哚菁绿血管造影(ICGA)与光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)中的特征性表现,探讨二者的区别和优缺点。方法:回顾分析2018-09/2020-04在河北省眼科医院确诊的CNV患者26例34眼和PCV患者19例19眼的影像学资料,CNV患者中湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性(w-ARMD)20例28眼,慢性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(CCSC)继发CNV 6例6眼。所有患者均行OCTA、荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)+ICGA检查,分析其特征性改变。结果:w-ARMD患者28眼OCTA检查示,除2眼因出血较多未见明显异常外,余26眼均可显示CNV形态,呈现效果形态更加锐利、立体,且能够分辨出CNV所在的解剖层面,其中11眼OCTA检查不仅能够很好地显示出CNV的形态、大小、范围,而且对于CNV中的滋养血管、新生血管及吻合支也都能较好地分辨。CCSC继发CNV患者6眼OCTA发现了FFA+ICGA未发现的CNV形态。PCV患者19眼OCTA检查异常脉络膜分支血管网(BVN)显示优于ICGA,但OCTA图像上末端囊袋样扩张(p...     

0.005%阿托品滴眼液控制低度近视儿童近视进展的安全性及有效性

目的:观察低度近视儿童应用质量分数0.005%阿托品滴眼液控制近视进展的安全性及有效性。方法:前瞻性对照研究。116例116眼低度近视儿童根据受试者和监护人意愿分为两组。阿托品(试验)组：58例58眼近视儿童配戴全矫单焦框架眼镜,同时睡前双眼各点1滴质量分数0.005%的阿托品滴眼液。框架镜(对照)组：58例58眼近视儿童仅配戴全矫单焦框架眼镜。用药前及用药后每4mo复查一次,共随访12mo,观察两组近视等效球镜度、眼轴长度、瞳孔直径和调节幅度的变化情况及试验组的不适症状。结果:随访1a后,两组的近视等效球镜度和眼轴长度治疗前后均有差异(P<0.05);两组间近视等效球镜屈光度增加量无差异(P>0.05);两组间眼轴长度增加量有微小差异,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组的瞳孔直径增加量有差异(P<0.05);两组的调节幅度下降量有差异(P<0.01)。试验组不适症状：用药初期6眼(10.3%)出现畏光,其中4眼用药2wk后畏光消失,余2眼4wk后消失。无视近模糊、过敏等其它不适症状。结论:低度近视儿童规律应用质量分数0.005%阿托品滴眼液1a,与...     

四瓣技术在改良结膜囊泪囊鼻腔吻合术中的应用

目的:探讨四瓣技术在改良结膜囊泪囊鼻腔吻合术中应用的安全性及有效性。方法:回顾性临床研究。选取2017-09/2020-06在我院就诊的泪道疾病患者28例28眼作为研究对象,均行结膜囊泪囊鼻腔吻合术。术后随访6～12mo,观察患者手术效果、满意度及术后并发症情况。结果:本组患者术后荧光素钠染料排泄试验阳性率为96%(27/28),手术成功率为96%(27/28),其中治愈率为68%(19/28),好转率为28%(8/28),无效率为4%(1/28),患者总体满意度为93%(26/28)。术后并发症包括眼部异物感(28眼)、球结膜充血(11眼)、鼻腔结膜囊渗血(8眼)及泪道引流管脱出(1眼)。结论:四瓣技术用于改良结膜囊泪囊鼻腔吻合术手术成功率高,并发症少,安全有效。     

miR-n282对肝癌细胞侵袭、迁移能力的影响

目的 探究miR-4282对肝癌细胞侵袭、迁移能力的影响及作用机制.方法 qRT-PCR方法检测miR-4282转染至SMMC-7721细胞后表达量的变化.Transwell实验和细胞划痕实验检测细胞的迁移、侵袭.双荧光素酶检测miR-4282的互作基因,Westernblot和qRT-PCR方法验证基因及蛋白.结果 ...     

K-115增强自噬调控TGF-β1诱导的人Tenon囊成纤维细胞活化

目的:研究K-115对人Tenon囊成纤维细胞(HTFs)增殖和迁移的影响,并探讨其相关作用机制,为青光眼术后抗瘢痕治疗提供新思路。方法:选取2018-09/2019-09于河北省人民医院行青光眼手术患者的Tenon囊组织,采用组织块法进行HTFs原代培养,应用转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)诱导HTFs模拟青光眼滤过性手术后的细胞活化模型,并采用K-115处理细胞。将细胞分为4组：对照组采用溶剂二甲基亚砜(DMSO)处理;TGF-β1组采用10μg/L TGF-β1处理24h; TGF-β1+5 K-115组采用5μmol/L K-115预处理2h后加入10μg/L TGF-β1处理24h; TGF-β1+10 K-115组采用10μmol/L K-115预处理2h后加入10μg/L TGF-β1处理24h。通过细胞增殖实验观察细胞的增殖能力;划痕试验检测细胞的迁移能力;透射电子显微镜观察细胞内自噬小体的形成;Hoechst 33342/PI染色观察细胞凋亡情况。结果:细胞增殖实验结果提示K-115可以抑制TGF-β1诱导的HTFs增殖;划痕试验提示K-115可以抑制TGF-β1诱...     

奥氮平致呃逆1例

本文目的是通过报道1例奥氮平致呃逆,以引起临床医生对此不良反应的关注.1例47岁的男性癫痫性精神障碍患者,既往无重大躯体疾病史及呃逆病史,在接受丙戊酸钠缓释片及卡马西平治疗基础上,加用奥氮平10 mg/d,4天后出现持续性呃逆,停用奥氮平2天后,呃逆消失.再次应用奥氮平7天后又出现持续性呃逆,停用奥氮平2天后,呃逆又消...