Efficacy of radiology of the esophagus for evaluation of dysphagia

The efficacy of radiology in evaluating dysphagia was studied in 86 patients by comparison to endoscopic findings. In the 66 patients with endoscopic abnormalities radiology was correct in 54, for a sensitivity of 82%. Sensitivity of radiology improved to 95% if mild esophagitis was excluded. In the 20 patients with normal endoscopy, radiology was normal in 18 (90%). Thus radiology proved to be a reliable means of evaluating the esophagus in patients with dysphagia.     

大鼠脑组织单胺类递质及其代谢产物的检测方法研究

目的 :研究大鼠脑组织中单胺类递质及其代谢产物的高效液相反相离子对色谱测定法。方法 :采用LiChrosorbC18,10 μm色谱柱 ,流动相为甲醇 :水 (4 0 :60 ) ,含 0 .0 2 8g LEDTANa2 ,0 .15g LSDS ,0 .2ml LH2 SO4(pH 2 .5～ 3 ) ,荧光检测波长 :λEX=2 85 ,λEM=3 3 3。结果 :对 87只大鼠脑组织中 4种单胺类递质及其代谢产物的含量进行了同时测定 ,高香草酸 (HVA) 2 .5 0～ 40 .0 μg ml、去甲肾上腺素 (NE) 0 .0 1～ 0 .5 0 μg ml、多巴胺 (DA)0 .0 5～ 1.0 0 μg ml、5 羟色胺 (5 HT) 0 .0 2 5～ 0 .5 0 μg ml,峰面积与其含量呈良好的线性关系。 结论 :该法操作简便、快速、准确 ,为组织中单胺类递质及其代谢产物检测的一种理想方法 ,并适用于临床相关研究。     

多柔比星肾病肾损伤早期核因子-κB和血管紧张素ⅠⅡ的表达及关系探讨

目的　探讨在多柔比星 (阿霉素 )肾病综合征 (NS)幼年大鼠肾损伤过程中核因子 (NF) κB和血管紧张素ATⅠ、ATⅡ的表达及其相关性。方法　 4周龄雄性Wistar大鼠单侧肾切除加腹腔注射阿霉素造成NS模型 ,分别以免疫组织化学和原位杂交检测ATⅠ、ATⅡ和NF κB。结果　肾病组随着病变时间的延长 ,NF κB和ATⅠ、ATⅡ表达的强度和部位均呈增强趋势 ,治疗组在相同时间点则两者都有不同程度下调 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　在阿霉素肾病损伤过程中NF κB和ATⅠ、ATⅡ起着介导作用。     

Adrenergic signalling between rat taste receptor cells

In taste buds, synaptic transmission is traditionally thought to occur from taste receptor cells to the afferent nerve. This communication reports the novel observation that taste receptor cells respond to adrenergic stimulation. Noradrenaline application inhibited outward potassium currents in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibition was mimicked by the β agonist isoproterenol and blocked by the β antagonist propranolol. The α agonists clonidine and phenylephrine both inhibited the potassium currents and elevated intracellular calcium levels. Inwardly rectifying potassium currents were unaffected by adrenergic stimulation. Experiments using the RT-PCR technique demonstrate that lingual epithelium expresses multiple α (α1a, α1b, α1c, α1d, α2a, α2b, α2c) and β (β1, β2) subtypes of adrenergic receptors, and immunocytochemistry localized noradrenaline to a subset of taste receptor cells. Collectively, these data imply strongly that adrenergic transmission within the taste bud may play a paracrine role in taste physiology.     

Human osteoblasts' proliferative responses to strain and 17beta-estradiol are mediated by the estrogen receptor and the receptor for insulin-like growth factor I.

The mechanism by which mechanical strain and estrogen stimulate bone cell proliferation was investigated using monolayer cultures of human osteoblastic TE85 cells and female human primary (first-passage) osteoblasts (fHOBs). Both cell types showed small but statistically significant dose-dependent increases in [3H]thymidine incorporation in response to 17beta-estradiol and to a single 10-minute period of uniaxial cyclic strain (1 Hz). In both cell types, the peak response to 17beta-estradiol occurred at 10(-8) - 10(-7) M and the peak response to strain occurred at 3500 microstrain ((mu)epsilon). Both strain-related and 17beta-estradiol-related increases in [3H]thymidine incorporation were abolished by the estrogen receptor (ER) modulator ICI 182,780 (10-8 M). Tamoxifen (10(-9) - 10(-8) M) increased [3H]thymidine incorporation in both cell types but had no effect on their response to strain. In TE85 cells, tamoxifen reduced the increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation associated with 17beta-estradiol to that of tamoxifen alone but had no such effect in fHOBs. In TE85 cells, strain increased medium concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) II but not IGF-I, whereas 17beta-estradiol increased medium concentrations of IGF-I but not IGF-II. Neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MNAb) to IGF-I (3 microg/ml) blocked the effects of 17beta-estradiol and exogenous truncated IGF-I (tIGF-I; 50 ng/ml) but not those of strain or tIGF-II (50 ng/ml). Neutralizing antibody to IGF-II (3 microg/ml) blocked the effects of strain and tIGF-II but not those of 17beta-estradiol or tIGF-I. MAb aIR-3 (100 ng/ml) to the IGF-I receptor blocked the effects on [3H]thymidine incorporation of strain, tIGF-II, 17beta-estradiol, and tIGF-I. HOBs and TE85 cells, act similarly to rat primary osteoblasts and ROS 17/2.8 cells in their dose-related proliferative responses to strain and 17beta-estradiol, both of which can be blocked by the ER modulator ICI 182,780. In TE85 cells (as in rat primaries and ROS 17/2.8 cells), the response to 17beta-estradiol is mediated by IGF-I, and the response to strain is mediated by IGF-II. Human cells differ from rat cells in that tamoxifen does not block their response to strain and reduces the response to 17beta-estradiol in TE85s but not primaries. In both human cell types (unlike rat cells) the effects of strain and IGF-II as well as estradiol and IGF-I can be blocked at the IGF-I receptor.     

保留肾单位手术治疗早期小肾癌21例临床分析

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of nephron-sparing surgery in patients with early-stage small renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: Nephron-sparing surgery was performed in 21 patients with renal cell carcinoma including 1 with solitary kidney, 3 with unilateral tumor and contralateral renal compromise, and 17 with unilateral tumor and normal contralateral kidney. The diameter of the tumors ranged from 1.5 to 6.0 cm, with a mean of 2.8 cm. The tumor diameter in 17 patients with normal contralateral kidney was less than 4 cm (mean 2.5 cm) and the average diameter in 4 patients with contralateral renal compromise was 4.2 cm. Sixteen cases were in stage T(1), 4 in stage T(2), and 1 in stage T(3). Of the 21 patients, 4 underwent tumor enucleation, 10 polar nephrectomy and 7 wedge resection. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for an average of 40.8 months (7 to 66 months). One patient suffered a right lung and mediastinum metastasis 3 years after the surgery later and 1 with chronic glomerulonephritis required dialysis 27 months after the operation. No surgical complication or local recurrence were found in other patients. CONCLUSION: As a safe and effective therapy for early-stage small renal cell carcinoma, nephron-sparing surgery can be considered as the gold-standard therapy for patients with lesions less than 4 cm in T(1) and T(2) stages of localized unilateral tumor with normal contralateral kidney.     

外伤性延迟性脾破裂的诊断和治疗（附21例报告）

目的探讨外伤性延迟性脾破裂的发病规律、临床特点、诊断和治疗方法。方法结合国内外资料及本组病例进行回顾性分析。结果明确诊断16例，误诊为肝破裂2例，宫外孕破裂2例，脾肿瘤1例。21例均手术治疗，行脾切除14例，其中保留副脾2例；脾切除加自体脾组织网膜内移植术3例；脾缝合修补术3例；脾部分切除术1例。死亡1例，原因有就诊晚、失血性休克。结论本病由于腹腔内出血与受伤时间间隔长，容易误诊。诊断除依靠病史、临床表现外，应及时进行腹腔穿刺、B超及CT检查。治疗以脾切除为主，可根据病情、脾破裂的程度以及是否有合并伤等情况采取保脾手术。     

从产业组织学角度看中国医疗广告

随着医疗卫生体制改革的全面推行,医疗行业竞争日趋激烈,众多医院采取不同的策略组合以提高其核心竞争力,而广告正是其主要的营销策略之一.本文在对医疗广告特性、类别、作用进行分析的基础上,从产业组织学角度阐述了医疗广告与医疗市场结构、市场效益的关系,提出了中国医疗广告的发展趋势.     

Controlled release of lidocaine hydrochloride from the surfactant-doped hybrid xerogels.

We investigate the controlled release of lidocaine hydrochloride from the doped silica-based xerogels. In the xerogel preparation, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), methyltriethoxysilane (MTES), and propyltriethoxysilane (PTES) are used as precursors, and a nonionic surfactant Igepal CO 720 is used as a dopant. The experimental results suggest that the release of lidocaine hydrochloride can be easily controlled by partially substituting TEOS with the organosilanes, and/or by adding the dopant. Adding the organosilane precursors lowers the release of both the drug and the surfactant in the order of TEOS, MTES/TEOS, and PTES/TEOS xerogels. The release from the PTES/TEOS xerogels is much lower than that from the other xerogels. The release of lidocaine hydrochloride is obviously suppressed by the addition of Igepal CO 720, while the release of Igepal CO 720 is slightly promoted by the addition of the drug. The overall release process is found to be diffusion-controlled, and the release behaviors can be well explained by considering the effects of the textual properties of the xerogels and the interactions among the drug, the surfactant, and the xerogel matrices.     

对加强药品配送机构监督管理的思考

国家食品药品监督管理局在《关于全面开展加强农村药品监督网络建设促进农村药品供应网络建设工作的指导意见》中明确指出：“为配合药品配送、连锁进县到乡，各省（区、市）食品药品监督部门可以进行建立区域性药品配送站的研究和指导。在进行研究和探索过程中，鼓励将基层的药品批发企业改组成区域性药品配送站”。