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11.
An integrative review exploring the physical and psychological harm inherent in using restraint in mental health inpatient settings
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Pauline Cusack PG Cert HE MSc BA Dip. SW. Sue McAndrew PhD MSc BSc Mick McKeown PhD BA DPSN RMN RGN Joy Duxbury PhD MA PG Cert HE BSc. 《International journal of mental health nursing》2018,27(3):1162-1176
In Western society, policy and legislation seeks to minimize restrictive interventions, including physical restraint; yet research suggests the use of such practices continues to raise concerns. Whilst international agreement has sought to define physical restraint, diversity in the way in which countries use restraint remains disparate. Research to date has reported on statistics regarding restraint, how and why it is used, and staff and service user perspectives about its use. However, there is limited evidence directly exploring the physical and psychological harm restraint may cause to people being cared for within mental health inpatient settings. This study reports on an integrative review of the literature exploring available evidence regarding the physical and psychological impact of restraint. The review included both experimental and nonexperimental research papers, using Cooper's (1998) five‐stage approach to synthesize the findings. Eight themes emerged: Trauma/retraumatization; Distress; Fear; Feeling ignored; Control; Power; Calm; and Dehumanizing conditions. In conclusion, whilst further research is required regarding the physical and psychological implications of physical restraint in mental health settings, mental health nurses are in a prime position to use their skills and knowledge to address the issues identified to eradicate the use of restraint and better meet the needs of those experiencing mental illness. 相似文献
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The TIMI Risk Score recognizes prior aspirin use as an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes in subjects presenting with an acute coronary syndrome. The etiology of this increased risk awaits clarification, but prior aspirin use may be associated with altered thrombus composition which is more resistant to current treatment modalities as compared to thrombus formation in subjects without prior aspirin use. Post hoc analysis of acute coronary syndrome trials has shown that prior aspirin users treated with unfractionated heparin are at particularly high risk. The addition of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor to unfractionated heparin or substitution of low-molecular-weight heparin significantly improves outcomes in prior aspirin users. The prognostic significance of prior aspirin use in acute coronary syndromes has important implications not only in clinical practice, but also in the design and interpretation of clinical trials. 相似文献
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D McWhirter M den Dulk M Terlizzo HZ Malik SW Fenwick GJ Poston 《Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England》2013,95(8):e136-e138
A 74-year old man underwent a radical cholecystectomy for presumed gallbladder cancer. The histology of the resected specimen in fact revealed the lesion to be metastatic renal cell carcinoma from his resected right nephrectomy performed 14 years previously. 相似文献
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MP Richardson TJ Williamson SW Lenton MJ Tarlow PT Rudd 《Archives of disease in childhood》1995,72(4):294-297
Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) are low amplitude sound waves produced by the healthy cochlea. They can be recorded with a microphone in the external ear. TEOAEs are abolished by hearing losses of 30 dB or more. The feasibility of using TEOAEs as a screening test for hearing loss in children was studied. TEOAE recordings were attempted in 56 children attending an audiology clinic. Recordings were possible from both ears in 52 children; of these 104 ears, 32 had hearing deficits of 30 dB or more. Hearing status was compared with the results of six TEOAE screening criteria. All criteria had a sensitivity of 1.00. Four standard TEOAE criteria yielded specificities of 0.46-0.58. Two new criteria derived from analysis of limited frequencies from the TEOAE waveform gave specificities of 0.76 and 0.82. It can be concluded that, when appropriate pass/fail criteria are employed, TEOAEs are a feasible screening test in children. 相似文献
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Davila-Cervantes A Ganci-Cerrud G Gamino R Gallegos-Martinez J Gonzalez-Barranco J Herrera MF 《Obesity surgery》2000,10(5):409-412
Background: Vertical Banded Gastroplasty (VBG) is one of the most common bariatric operations. It can be performed by open
or laparoscopic methods. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the 1-year results of 40 patients who underwent
laparoscopic (20) and open (20). Methods: The initial 20 patients undergoing LaparoscopicVBG and the initial 20 patients in
whom an Open VBG were performed in our Institution were comparatively evaluated. Demography, surgical details, complications,
and 1-year weight loss were analyzed. Results: Both groups were highly comparable in terms of age, sex and body mass index.
Laparoscopic VBG was a more prolonged procedure (median 4 hr) than the open VBG (median 3 hr). On the other hand, hospital
stay was significantly shorter in the laparoscopic procedure (median 10 days for the open and 6 days for the laparoscopic).
One year weight loss and complications were similar in both groups. Conclusions: Laparoscopic VBG is a safe procedure for
the treatment of morbid obesity. This initial series shows comparable results. 相似文献