钉棒系统复位联合经椎弓根椎体植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨AF系统复位内固定结合经椎弓根椎体内植骨治疗胸腰椎前中柱骨折的疗效。方法采用AF复位内固定,经椎弓根椎体植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折35例,术前、术后和随访期间均摄X线片,检测椎体高度丢失情况以及成角段Cobb角度变化,观察骨折愈合情况。对比治疗前后ASIA分级。结果 31例获5-36个月的随访。Cobb角术前为23.5°±6.8°,术后为2.6°±6.2°,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。椎体前后缘高度比值术前为0.5±0.2,术后为0.9±0.1,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。术后3个月骨折椎体愈合,伤椎高度无丢失。术后ASIA分级：A级5例中3例无改善,2例恢复至C级;4例B级中2例恢复至C级,2例恢复至D级;C级5例中2例恢复至D级,3例恢复至E级;D级5例均恢复至E级;E级16例仍为E级。结论使用AF复位内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折,操作简单、快捷,伤椎体回复高度满意,联合经椎弓根椎体内植骨,重建前中柱的稳定性好。     

外固定支架结合有限内固定治疗Pilon骨折

目的探讨外固定支架结合有限内固定治疗Pilon骨折的疗效。方法采用外固定支架结合有限内固定治疗24例Pilon骨折。结果 24例均获得随访,时间10~20个月。无骨不连、皮肤坏死发生。踝关节功能Mazur评分：优14例,良7例,可3例。结论外固定支架结合有限内固定可以获得术后骨折稳定,取得良好踝关节功能,是治疗Pilon骨折有效的手术方案。     

后路一期椎体全切除治疗胸椎椎体肿瘤

目的探讨后路一期手术治疗胸椎肿瘤的疗效及方法。按脊柱肿瘤来源可分为原发肿瘤,转移肿瘤。方法 8例胸椎骨肿瘤患者实施后路全脊椎切除重建术。经胸椎后入路行单椎节切除6例,双椎节切除2例,均采用Harm钛网植骨/钛网骨水泥联合TSRH/MOSS/CDH M12椎弓根钉内固定系统重建。结果随访3个月3.5年,平均23个月。7例术后近期疗效较满意,局部疼痛和神经症状均有不同程度改善或缓解;4例脊髓神经功能完全恢复;1例术后1.5年局部复发;术后18个月死亡1例。结论胸椎后路全脊椎切除能显著降低胸椎骨肿瘤局部复发率,改善脊髓神经功能,提高手术疗效。钛网植骨/钛网骨水泥联合椎弓根螺钉系统能有效重建脊柱的前后柱稳定,同时可减少创伤、缩短手术时间、减少并发症的发生。     

乳晕双菱形真皮瓣交叉填充支撑法矫正乳头内陷

目的探讨一种乳晕双菱形真皮瓣交叉填充支撑法矫正乳头内陷的手术方法及矫正效果。方法对乳头内陷36例64侧,设计双菱形去表皮真皮瓣,于乳头基底部交叉填充支撑乳头,并固定。术后乳头悬吊1周．10d拆线。结果36例乳头内陷患者术后均未发生乳头血运障碍。随访6个月至3年,乳头内陷无复发,乳头外形医患双方均满意,乳头感觉无障碍。结论采用乳晕双菱形真皮瓣交叉填充支撑法矫正乳头内陷,操作简单,乳头形态自然,血运无障碍,感觉功能正常,切口隐蔽,瘢痕不明显,能保留哺乳功能,是较为理想的乳头内陷矫治方法。     

医源性胆管损伤64例临床分析

目的 分析总结医源性胆管损伤诊治经验。方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2009年12月中国医科大学附属盛京医院收治的64例医源性胆管损伤病人的临床资料。结果 64例中发生于开腹胆道手术41例,腹腔镜胆囊切除术16例,其他手术7例。4例损伤较轻,术后出现胆汁瘘,行鼻胆管引流术;5例首次术中发现行损伤处T管引流术;55例行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。1例死亡,2例吻合口狭窄再次手术,1例术后支架管脱落后吻合口狭窄再次手术,63例痊愈。结论 术中发现胆管较小损伤（<3mm）慎用单纯缝合修补,应积极实施T管引流。术中发现胆管横断,术后数天发现胆管损伤或重建术失败者,胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术为首选术式;胆肠吻合应慎用环型吻合器。     

手辅助腹腔镜根治性近端胃切除术治疗早期胃癌三例报告

目的总结手辅助腹腔镜技术在胃癌根治性近端胃切除术中应用的初步经验。方法我中心在2010年12月至2011年5月实施手辅助腹腔镜胃癌D2根治术30例,回顾性分析行根治性近端胃切除术的3例男性胃底贲门癌患者的临床资料。结果成功施行手辅助腹腔镜胃癌根治性近端胃切除术3例。TNM分期：IA期2例,IB期1例。上腹部手术切口长6～7cm;手术时间150～180min,腹腔镜手术时间为18～36min;术中出血为80～200ml;病理检查淋巴结数11～14枚。病理检查没有发现淋巴结癌转移和手术切缘癌残留。手术后第2天饮水,第5天进食,分别于第8～12天出院。没有吻合口漏、出血、切口感染等手术并发症发生。结论手辅助腹腔镜胃癌根治性近端胃切除术具有开腹与微创相结合的优势,腹腔镜下操作时间短,尤其适合高龄高危患者,值得进一步探索。     

经闭孔行闭孔神经阻滞对预防膀胱侧壁肿瘤电切时闭孔神经反射的作用

目的探讨经闭孔行闭孔神经阻滞对预防膀胱侧壁肿瘤电切时闭孔神经反射的作用。方法回顾性分析67例膀胱侧壁浅表性肿瘤行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术的患者资料,根据术中是否行闭孔神经阻滞分为闭孔神经阻滞组（35例）和对照组（32例）,其中闭孔神经阻滞组术中辅以经闭孔法闭孔神经阻滞,而对照组未行闭孔神经阻滞。比较两组术中闭孔神经反射发生率、膀胱穿孔率、手术时间、及出血量,并术后随访观察肿瘤的复发情况。结果两组术中电切时间、出血量、术后1年肿瘤复发率均无统计学差异,但闭孔神经阻滞组闭孔神经反射率及膀胱穿孔率较对照组明显降低。结论经闭孔行闭孔神经阻滞能有效预防膀胱侧壁肿瘤电切时闭孔神经反射,可降低膀胱穿孔率,其操作要点是选择准确的穿刺点、掌握好穿刺方向和深度。     

青少年特发性颈椎后凸畸形治疗策略

目的 探讨并总结青少年特发性颈椎后凸畸形的临床特征和分度、分期治疗策略的选择.方法 回顾性分析2004年1月至2010年8月收治的115例青少年特发性颈椎后凸畸形患者.男34例,女81例;年龄12.4～18.4岁,平均15.1岁.先依治疗前的后凸Cobb角分度标准,将患者分为Ⅰ～Ⅳ度组:Ⅰ度组为12.7°±1.8°,共47例;Ⅱ度组为25.4°±6.4°,共31例;Ⅲ度组为47.2°±-4.1°,共22例;Ⅳ度组为62.6°±5.7°,共15例.对Ⅰ度组患者予以颈托保护下活动4～8周;对Ⅱ度组者予以颅骨牵引7～14d,达生理曲度后头颈胸石膏固定8～12周.以在伸展侧位片上测量的椎体后缘切线夹角作为依据,决定Ⅲ度组患者前路融合范围和Ⅳ度组后部截骨高度及角度;对Ⅳ度组患者采取分期治疗,先行后路截骨及前路松解术,术后行颅骨牵引7～10d、使颈椎后凸达到最大的矫正后,二期行颈前路矫形植骨内固定术.结果 Ⅰ度组患者佩戴颈托4～8周后X线片显示:Cobb角为-5.2°±3.1°;Ⅱ度组颅骨牵引后X线片显示:Cobb角为-8.2°±6.8°.术后3天X线片显示,Cobb角Ⅲ度组为-4.5°±7.2°,Ⅳ度组为-2.9°±7.9°.患者外观畸形明显矫正,颈痛及神经症状改善明显.Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度组患者治疗后颈椎MRI显示:颈椎生理曲度重建,后凸畸形区域脑脊液线清晰,脊髓未见压迫.结论 对青少年特发性颈椎后凸畸形患者应进行全面评估,采取分度、分期治疗,形成合理的治疗策略.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the appropriate treatment according to the grading system of adolescent idiopathic cervical kyphosis.Methods A retrospective study was performed in 115 adolescent patients with idiopathic cervical kyphosis.The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the magnitude of kyphosis.The initial Cobb angle of 4 groups were 12.7°±1.4° 25.4°±4.8°,47.2°±4.4° and 62.6°±5.7° respectively.The patients in group I were treated with the collar support for 4-8 weeks.The patients in group Ⅱ were treated with skull traction (3-5 kg) and then fixed by cranio-cervical-thoracic plaster.According to the angles between the tangents of posterior vertebral body at each level on lateral cervical radiograph in extension,the anterior fusion levels of the group Ⅲ and angles and range of osteotomy in the group Ⅳ were decided.In group Ⅳ,the patients were treated by two steps.The anterior release and posterior osteotomy were performed firstly.Then skull traction (1/10 body weight) was maintained in order to correct the deformity for 7-10 days,fusion and anterior fusion with autologous bone graft and internal fixation was completed.Results Post-operative radiograph showed that Cobb angle were -5.5°±2.0°,-8.2°±6.1°,-4.5°±6.6° and -2.9°±7.9° in Ⅰ-Ⅳ group after treatment.The deformed appearance of the patients improved significantly.A improvement neck pain and neurologic function were found in all patients.Post-operative MRI showed that physiological curve of the cervical spine was restored,and the cerebrospinal fluid line was clear in the previous kyphosis area.Conclusion Adolescent idiopathic cervical kyphosis has specific characteristics.Surgical strategy is determined by the severity of deformity.     

舒尼替尼治疗转移性肾癌的疗效和安全性分析:单中心37例总结

目的 评价舒尼替尼治疗转移性肾细胞癌的疗效和安全性.方法 2008年6月至2010年4月37例转移性肾细胞癌患者接受舒尼替尼治疗.其中男28例,女9例.年龄17～74岁,中位年龄52岁.行根治性肾切除手术33例,肾穿刺活检3例,腋窝转移淋巴结穿刺活检1例.vonHippel-Lindau综合征患者2例.肾透明细胞癌36例,其中伴颗粒细胞成分1例、伴肉瘤样分化4例,肾乳头状细胞癌1例.一线治疗30例,细胞因子或索拉非尼治疗进展后二线治疗7例.其中34例采用4/2方案,即口服舒尼替尼50.0 mg/d 4周,停用2周,6周为1个周期;3例予口服37.5 mg/d持续治疗,直至疾病进展或者出现不可耐受的不良反应.结果 中位随访时间12个月(8个周期).34例患者治疗2周期以上,可进行疗效评估.根据RECIST标准评价最佳疗效,部分缓解9例(26.5%),疾病稳定24例(70.6%),疾病进展1例(2.9%).客观反应率26.5%,疾病控制率97.1%.1年生存率95.8%(23/24),1年无进展生存率62.5%(15/24).主要不良反应包括血小板减少30例(81.1%)、甲状腺功能异常18/22例(81.8%)、手足反应27例(73.0%),白细胞减少23例(62.2%)、高血压18例(48.6%)等.大多数不良反应为1～2级,3级以上不良反应包括血小板降低8例(21.6%)、甲状腺功能异常4/22例(18.2%)、手足反应4例(10.8%)、血磷降低4例(10.8%)和腹泻2例(5.4%)等.10例(27.0%)在治疗过程中减量或停药,1例因严重乏力不能耐受终止治疗.通过对症支持,减量或停药,不良反应可控制并耐受.结论 舒尼替尼一线及二线治疗晚期转移性肾细胞癌可取得较高的疾病控制率,不良反应发生率多数轻而易耐受,严重不良反应较少且可控.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sunitinib in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods A total of 37 patients with metastatic RCC were treated with between June 2008 and April 2010, including 28 males and 9 females. The median age was 52 (17-74) years. All patients received a pathologic diagnosis of RCC, which consisted of 1 papillary cell carcinoma and 36 clear cell carcinomas, 4 of which accompanied with partial sarcoma differentiation. Thirty cases were treated with first line therapy and 7 cases showed progression on first-line cytokine or sorafinib therapy. Sunitinib monotherapy was administered in repeated 6-week cycles of daily oral therapy for 4 weeks, followed by 2 weeks off in 34 patients, while another 3 patients received 37. 5 mg Qd continuously until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities occurred. Overall response rate and safety were evaluated. Results The median follow up was 12 months (8 cycles),range 1.5-19. 5 months (1-13 cycles). 26.5% (9/34) patients achieved partial responses, 70.6%(24/34) patients demonstrated stable disease over≥3 months and 1 (2. 9%) patient developed progressive disease. The objective response rate was 26.5%, and the disease control rate was 97. 1%.The 12 months' overall survival rate was 95.8% (23/24), and 12 months' progression-free survival rate was 62.5 % (15/24). The most common treatment-related adverse events were thrombocytopenia (30 cases, 81.1%), thyroid dysfunction (18/22, 81.8%) ,hand-foot syndrome (27 cases, 73.0%),neutropenia (23 cases, 62.2%) and hypertension (18 cases, 48.6%). The major grade 3 adverse events included thrombocytopenia (8 cases, 21.6%), hand-foot syndrome (4 cases, 10.8%) and diarrhea (2 cases, 5. 4%). Most adverse events were ameliorated by treatment interruption. Ten (27.0%) patients had dose decrement or drug discontinuation and 1 patient quit the treatment for intolerable fatigue. Conclusion The efficacy and manageable adverse event profile of sunitinib as a single agent in first- or second-line therapy for patients with metastatic RCC.     

不同浓度七氟醚对人肺腺癌A549细胞Survivin蛋白表达的影响

目的 评价不同浓度七氟醚对人肺腺癌A549细胞Survivin蛋白表达的影响.方法 人肺腺癌A549细胞接种于培养板培养24 h,采用随机数字表法,将人肺腺癌A549细胞随机分为4组:对照组(C组)、1.7%七氟醚组(S1组)、3.4%七氟醚组(S2组)和5.1%七氟醚组(S3组),每组18孔.S1-3组人肺腺癌A549细胞分别经1.7%、3.4%、5.1%七氟醚孵育2、4、6 h,C组通入95%O2-5%CO2混合气体2 L/min,每个时点随机取6孔,继续培养48 h,采用MTT法检测细胞增殖情况,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况,Western blot法检测经七氟醚孵育4 h的人肺腺癌A549细胞Survivin蛋白表达水平.结果 C组、S1～3组入肺腺癌A549细胞增殖抑制率和凋亡率依次升高,Survivin蛋白表达依次下调(P<0.05).结论 七氟醚可通过下调Survivin蛋白表达抑制人肺腺癌A549细胞增殖和促进凋亡,其效应呈浓度依赖性.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of different concentrations of sevoflurane on Survivin expression in human adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Methods A549 cells were obtained from Shanghai Cell Biology Medical Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences and inoculated in 96 well culture plate. After being cultured for 24 h, the cells were randomly divided into 4 groups: Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ and Ⅳ groups exposed to 95 % O2 -5 %CO2,1.7%, 3.4% and 5.1% sevoflurane respectively. A549 cells were exposed to sevoflurane for 2, 4 and 6 h respectively and then cultured for another 48 h in Ⅱ , Ⅲ and Ⅳ groups. Proliferation of A549 cells were measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, and apoptosis was detected with flow cytometer at 48 h after 2, 4 and 6 h sevoflurane exposure. The expression of Survivin in A549 cells was determined by Western blot analysis at 48h after 4 h sevoflurane exposure. Results The rate of proliferation inhibition and percentage of apoptotic cells were significantly higher while the expression of Survivin was significantly lower in a concentration-dependent manner in Ⅱ , Ⅲ and Ⅳ groups as compared with group Ⅰ . Conclusion Sevoflurane can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of A549 cells by inhibition of Survivin expression.