甲状腺肿的专家诊断与咨询系统

本文通过对１７４８３例甲状腺肿大中五种甲状腺病病例的收集、分析、整理、统计与提炼，确定了诊断原则，建立了知识库、病例库和正反双向混合推理机制，完成了用Ｔｕｒｂｏ－Ｐｒｏｌｏｇ语言编制。采用适用于表示医学产生式知识表示方法所开发的专家诊断与咨询系统，为教学、临床工作及家庭保健提供了有价值的软件。经临床病例验证，该软件准确、可靠、有很强的实用价值，对人工智能的研究、临床及教学的现代化，提高人们的保健水     

肘内侧入路的临床应用解剖及其意义

目的:为肘内侧入路手术避免损伤重要结构提供解剖学基础。方法:选教学用的固定尸体标本24具(男18女6)48侧,按手术入路层次,对肘内侧入路的相关血管神经进行解剖学观测。结果:(1)臂内侧皮神经于臂中部的内侧面浅出,直径为(1.05±0.35)mm;前臂内侧皮神经于臂内侧中下1/3肱二头肌内侧沟伴贵要静脉浅出,直径为(1.50±0.55)mm。(2)尺神经干在肘部发出1~3肘关节支、1~4尺侧腕屈肌支和1~4指深屈肌支。(3)尺侧上副动脉、尺侧下副动脉和尺侧返动脉后支从肱动脉的起点处至尺神经垂直距离分别为(1.65±0.35)cm、(2.43±0.54)cm、(1.86±0.41)cm;与尺神经伴行至内上髁的距离分别为(14.38±1.82)cm、(4.51±1.16)cm、(5.91±0.67)cm。肘部附近尺侧下副动脉和尺侧返动脉后支与尺侧上副动脉在尺神经外膜相吻合。结论:(1)肘内侧入路浅层必须寻找和保护臂内侧皮神经和前臂内侧皮神经;(2)肘内侧入路保护尺神经血供及其肌支是临床手术成败的关键。     

老年组与中成年组髂外动脉的形态学比较

本文观微和测量了50具国人髂外动脉(左右合计100侧),并将所有观测项目按年龄分为老年组(60岁以上者)和中成年组(19—60岁)进行了统计学处理。结果发现:髂外动脉的长度、外径、髂外动脉与髂内动脉之间的夹角以及髂外动脉的弯曲程度在老年组与中成年组之间均有高度显著性差异。     

Morphine modulates glutamate release in the hippocampal CA1 area in mice

Opiate abuse is associated with long-lasting neural adaptative changes in the brain. Increasing evidence demonstrates that opiates significantly alter the function of the glutamatergic system, while how the system is regulated still remains elusive. In the present study, we studied the effect of morphine on extracellular glutamate concentration in the hippocampus, a nucleus rich of the glutamatergic neurons. The results showed that glutamate concentration in the extracellular fluid of the hippocampus was decreased following either acute or chronic treatment of morphine. However, naloxone-induced withdrawal increased glutamate concentration significantly. These results suggest an adaptation of the glutamatergic neuronal transmission in the hippocampus after morphine treatment.     

时窗复杂度序列在睡眠脑电分期中的应用

运用时窗复杂度序列来分析睡眠脑电，减少了非平稳性及状态空间的不均匀性造成的脑状态信息的丢失，在一定程度上克服了复杂度自身的局限，有助于不同睡眠期状态特征的提取。另外采用独立分量分析（ICA），小波变换等方法对脑电进行预处理，实验表明它们能有效地去除脑电中的一些生理干扰，有利于提高复杂度算法在睡眠分期应用中的精确度。     

A unified framework for mapping quantitative trait loci in bivalent tetraploids using single-dose restriction fragments: a case study from alfalfa

The development of statistical methodologies for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in polyploids is complicated by complex polysomic inheritance. In this article, we propose a statistical method for mapping QTL in tetraploids undergoing bivalent formation at meiosis by using single-dose restriction fragments. Our method is based on a unified framework, one that uses chromosome bivalent pairing configuration and gametic recombination to discern different mechanisms of gamete formation. Our bivalent polyploid model can not only provide a simultaneous estimation of the linkage and chromosome pairing configuration-a cytological parameter of evolutionary and systematic interest-but also enhances the precision of estimating QTL effects and position by correctly characterizing gene segregation during polyploid meiosis. By using our method and a linkage map constructed in a previous study, we successfully identify several QTL affecting winter hardiness in bivalent tetraploid alfalfa. Moreover, our results reveal significant preferential chromosome pairing at meiosis in an F1 hybrid population, which indicates the importance of reassessing the traditional view of random chromosome segregation in alfalfa.     

兔肺灌洗型呼吸窘迫综合症模型和猪肺表面活性物质的治疗作用

用整肺灌洗法复制兔ＲＤＳ模型，系统观察了灌洗液磷脂和蛋白质含量、血气、潮气量、肺顺应性、生命体征、Ｘ线胸片和病理形态学指标。结果显示：整肺灌洗法可迅速导致严重呼吸窘迫，其病理特征主要是ＰＳ系统功能急剧缺乏和肺损伤，用猪肺表面活性物质治疗后可获得明显改善。表明该模型病理性质介于ＡＲＤＳ和ＮＲＤＳ之间，用我们研制的猪肺表面活性物质替代治疗有较满意的疗效。     

Expression of recombinant mouse IL-1beta significantly down-regulates NK cell mediated cytotolysis against H22 hepatoma cells]

AIM: To investigate the effect of the expression of recombinant IL-1beta in H22 hepatoma cells on its response to NK cell mediated cytotoxicity. METHODS: BALB/c mouse was stimulated by 6% of starch. Total RNA was prepared from peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs). IL-1beta gene (843 bp) was obtained by RT-PCR. The purified PCR product digested by Xho I and EcoR I was cloned into pIRES2-EGFP to construct the recombinant pIRES2-EGFP-mIL-1beta expression vector which was verified by PCR, restriction enzyme assay (Xho I and EcoR I) and DNA sequencing. Then the purified pIRES2-EGFP-mIL-1beta plasmid was transfected into H22 hepatoma cells by jetPEI. The expression level of recombinant IL-1beta was detected by RT-PCR and confocal microscopy. The cytotoxicity of wild-type spleenic NK cells against H22 cells was assessed by MTT assay. RESULTS: After the total RNA isolated from the starch stimulated BALB/c mouse PBMC, 843 bp IL-1beta gene in length was prepared by RT-PCR. The purified PCR product digested by EcoR I and Xho I was ligated by pIRES2-EGFP to create pIRES2-EGFP-mIL-1beta expression plasmid which was verified by PCR, restriction enzyme assay and DNA sequencing. Then pIRES2-EGFP-mIL-1beta was transfected into H22 hepatoma cells by jetPEI. RT-PCR and confocal microscopy assay showed these cells expressed high level of recombinant IL-1beta expression vector. In a 4-hour based MTT assay, IL-1beta in H22 cells was more resistant to NK92 cell mediated cytotoxicity compared with the cells transfected with pIRES2-EGFP. Meanwhile, the cytolytic capacity of the spleenic NK cells separated from wild-type mouse decreased about 10% when the ratio of effector to target was 40:1. CONCLUSION: The expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta can significantly down-regulate the cytolytic activity of NK cells against H22 hepatoma cells. It plays a crucial role in the immune escape of hepatoma from NK cell mediated innate immunity.     

人膈肌内神经分支分布

目的：探讨人膈的神经支配和肌内神经分支分布特点。方法：改良Sihler’s肌内神经分支染色法。结果：(1)一侧膈神经入肌后一般分为3—4支(3支型4例,4支型2例),1支(前支)向前内侧走行,支配胸部,1～2支(前外侧支)向外侧走行,支配肋部,最后1支(后支)最粗大,向后下走行,分为后外侧支和后脚支,分别支配膈中心腱外侧叶后外侧的肋部和腰部,各级神经的分支在肌束中部密集排列成神经丛。(2)6例标本均未发现左侧或右侧膈神经越过中线至对侧。(3)2例带肋间肌的标本肉眼未见有肋间神经分支进入膈。结论：(1)左、右膈神经分布于膈,未见左右侧膈神经重叠支配和优势支配。(2)膈神经的终末分支在肌束中部密集排列形成似“肾形”的神经丛带。     

鼻咽癌癌细胞群体的PCNA免疫组化研究

应用免疫组化技术对４７例石蜡包埋组织的鼻咽癌癌细胞群体的增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）进行分析。结果显示：角化性癌细胞和梭形癌细胞、不规则形癌细胞至泡状核癌细胞群体，其ＰＣＮＡ阳性率依次递增，表明鼻咽癌存在增殖潜能异质性的癌细胞群体，泡状核癌细胞增殖能力最高，不规则形癌细胞次之。作者认为不同形态的癌细胞群体在组织中的比例不但决定鼻咽癌的组织类型，而且其增殖潜能异质性将影响鼻咽癌治疗和临床预后。