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11.
Alexander Y. Meigal Yuri V. Lupandin Osmo Hänninen 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1996,432(1):121-125
The influence of cold (+5° C), room temperature (+22° C) and hot (+75° C) air exposures on postactivation effects (PAE) in
brachial biceps (BBs) and triceps (TBs) muscles were investigated bilaterally in six male subjects. PAE were evoked by 1 min
volitional isometric contraction (VIC) at submaximal level in BBs by holding an inertial weight by palms, with right-angled
elbows. At room temperature, average EMG during PAE (PAEav) usually was 2–4% and the integral of EMG (PAEint) was 3–7% of that of VIC respectively. PEA duration was 1–6 min. Cold exposure evoked an approximately two-fold increase
of PAEint (P < 0.01). Hot exposure decreased PAEint (P < 0.01) and shortened PAE duration by approximately 50% (P < 0.01). In two subjects, long- term modulation of EMG intensity during PAE was observed. Cold increased the frequency and
amplitude of these waves, while heat decreased them. In two subjects, alternation of BBs and TBs in EMG activity during PAE
was observed. The data obtained suggest that postactivation of muscles strongly depends on the environmental temperature.
Received: 15 February 1995/Received after revision: 19 June 1995/Accepted: 13 September 1995 相似文献
12.
HLA-A2-restricted CD8+-cytotoxic-T-cell responses to novel epitopes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis superoxide dismutase, alanine dehydrogenase, and glutamine synthetase 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
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Dong Y Demaria S Sun X Santori FR Jesdale BM De Groot AS Rom WN Bushkin Y 《Infection and immunity》2004,72(4):2412-2415
Major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are implicated in protective Th1 immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. We report the identification of three novel HLA-A*0201-restricted CTL epitopes within mycobacterial superoxide dismutase (SodA), L-alanine dehydrogenase (AlaDH), and L-glutamine synthetase (GlnS) proteins. 相似文献
13.
Breast development gives insights into breast disease 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Aims : Studies of developing human breasts are essential for understanding the organogenesis as well as molecular pathogenesis of benign and malignant breast diseases. In this study we have examined the distribution of TGF-α, TGF-β1, tenascin-C and collagen type IV with the aim of starting to build a picture of the profile of molecules that may be involved in the development of the human breast.
Ten fetal breasts (16 to 23 weeks of gestation) and 45 infant breasts, ranging in age from newborn to 2 years, were used in this study. Paraffin sections from these samples were immunostained with antibodies for these proteins and for Ki67 to elucidate the level of proliferative activity in different stages of breast development. TGF-α immunoreactivity was observed both in the stromal and the epithelial cells within fetal and infant breasts up to 25 days. TGF-β1 immunoreactivity was localized in the extracellular matrix. Tenascin-C was found around the neck of the developing breast bud and in the extracellular matrix of the infant with peaks in the newborn at 6–12 weeks. The immunoreactivity for type IV collagen was more intense in the region of the breast bud neck in the fetal breasts and reduced around the tips of lobular and terminal-end buds within the infant breasts.
The distribution of the growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins within the developing human breast indicates that they play a significant role in different cellular compartments during morphogenesis and provides insights into breast disease. 相似文献
Methods and results
Ten fetal breasts (16 to 23 weeks of gestation) and 45 infant breasts, ranging in age from newborn to 2 years, were used in this study. Paraffin sections from these samples were immunostained with antibodies for these proteins and for Ki67 to elucidate the level of proliferative activity in different stages of breast development. TGF-α immunoreactivity was observed both in the stromal and the epithelial cells within fetal and infant breasts up to 25 days. TGF-β1 immunoreactivity was localized in the extracellular matrix. Tenascin-C was found around the neck of the developing breast bud and in the extracellular matrix of the infant with peaks in the newborn at 6–12 weeks. The immunoreactivity for type IV collagen was more intense in the region of the breast bud neck in the fetal breasts and reduced around the tips of lobular and terminal-end buds within the infant breasts.
Conclusions
The distribution of the growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins within the developing human breast indicates that they play a significant role in different cellular compartments during morphogenesis and provides insights into breast disease. 相似文献
14.
Semenov SY Svenson RH Bulyshev AE Souvorov AE Nazarov AG Sizov YE Posukh VG Pavlovsky A Tatsis GP 《Annals of biomedical engineering》2000,28(1):55-60
The proposed dielectrical relaxation model of the myocardium in the microwave spectrum has been verified both on test solutions and on normal canine myocardium. Furthermore, the model was utilized to reconstruct the changes in tissue properties (including myocardial bulk resistance and water content) following myocardial acute ischemia and chronic infarction. It was shown that the reconstructed myocardial resistance and water content correlate dynamically with the process of the development of acute myocardial ischemic injury. In chronic cases the reconstructed resistance and water content of infarcted myocardium are significantly different from that of normal myocardium: the resistance is lower and water content is higher than in normal myocardium. © 2000 Biomedical Engineering Society.
PAC00: 8764-t, 8719Xx 相似文献
15.
Hip fracture is a serious and common injury that can lead to permanent disability, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and death. Research to help prevent these fractures is essential. Computed tomographic (CT) scan-based finite element (FE) modeling is a tool that can predict proximal femoral fracture loads in vitro. Because this tool might be used in vivo, this study examined whether FE models generated from CT scans in situ and in vitro yield comparable predictions of proximal femoral fracture load. CT scans of the left proximal femur of two human cadavers were obtained in situ and in vitro, and three-dimensional FE models employing nonlinear mechanical properties were generated from each CT scan. The models were evaluated under single-limb stance-type loading by applying displacements incrementally to the femoral head. The FE-predicted fracture load (F(FE)) was the maximum femoral head reaction force. F(FE) for the in situ-derived models for the two subjects were 5.2 and 13.3% greater than for the in vitro-derived models. These results demonstrate that using CT scan data obtained in situ instead of in vitro to generate FE models can lead to substantially different predicted fracture loads. This effect must be considered when using this technology in vivo. 相似文献
16.
Komei Ito Masaki Futamura Yuri Takaoka Masashi Morishita Kumiko Nakanishi Tatsuo Sakamoto 《Arerugī》2008,57(8):1043-1052
Background: A method for open food challenge test to determine food allergy has not been established in an evidence-based manner. Methods: We conducted an analysis of 438 open food challenges of raw milk (n=133, mean age 2.7+/-1.9 years), boiled egg white (n=216, 2.8+/-2.1 years) or udon noodles (n=89, 2.7+/-1.7 years) for the patients aged 1 year or more. Doses were increased (trace amounts, 1 g, 2 g, 5 g, 10 g, 20-30 g) every 20 minutes. Results: In total, 151 (38.5%) of food challenges were positive. The positive rates of milk, egg and wheat challenges were 35.8%, 42.4% and 33.3%, respectively. Of these, 76.2%, 32.5%, 27.8% and 0.7% had, respectively, skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular symptoms. Although the prevalence of positive challenge increased with level of specific IgE, it did not correlate with the threshold amount of positive food challenge or the severity of symptoms. Among the challnege positive patients, 10.6% required injection of antihistamines, corticosteroids or adrenalines for the treatment of the symptoms. Conclusions: This challenge protocol seemed to be appropriate and safe. 相似文献
17.
Point mutation of the BRAF gene is a common genetic event in papillary thyroid carcinomas. More recently, it has been found that BRAF can also participate in chromosomal rearrangement. In this study, we explore yet another possible mechanism of BRAF alteration, which involves copy number gain. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization with BRAF specific and chromosome 7 centromeric probes, we studied 62 follicular thyroid tumors and 32 papillary carcinomas. We found
that numerical changes in BRAF copy number were rare in papillary thyroid carcinomas, while they occurred in 16–45% of follicular tumors of conventional
and oncocytic (Hürthle cell) types. They were due to amplification of the gene or gain of one or more copies of chromosome
7. Tetrasomy for chromosome 7 was overall the most common finding. The changes in BRAF copy number did not overlap with RAS mutations in follicular tumors. In a group of follicular carcinomas, tumors with BRAF copy number gain were significantly more often widely invasive (67%) compared to tumors with no copy number change (18%).
By Western blotting, the tumors carrying four copies of the gene revealed higher expression of BRAF protein, suggesting that
copy number gain may represent another mechanism of BRAF activation in thyroid tumors. 相似文献
18.
Yuri N. Belokon' Vitali I. Tararov Tatiana F. Savel'eva Vasili M. Belikov 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》1986,187(5):1077-1086
The kinetics of (S)-Ala racemization on heterogeneous catalysts based on eight strongly basic anion exchangers modified with 4-hydroxy-3-formylbenzenesulfonic acid (5-sulfosalicylaldehyde) (SSA) in the presence of Cu(II) ions at 25 °C was studied. The “internal capacity” value f = mp/(V0 — Vp) was introduced to characterize the polymers, (mp : number of quaternary ammonium groups of the polymer sample, V0 : total volume of the swollen polymer, Vp : volume of the inert polymeric matrix). The correlation of the observed first-order rate constants of (S)-Ala racemization with the f values of the anion exchangers was established. According to this correlation the selected anion exchangers could be divided into two types with respect to the chemical nature of the groups attached to the quaternary nitrogen atom. The chemical nature, physical structure and the degree of cross-linking of the polymeric matrix do not affect the correlation. Anion exchangers of the first type have at least one ß-hydroxyalkyl substituent at the Anion exchangers of the second type have (CH3)3 cationic groups. Catalysts prepared with the first type anion exchangers have greater activity as compared with catalysts based on the second type anion exchangers with the same f values. The increase in activity of heterogeneous catalysts can be partially attributed to the 10 to 68 fold increase in OH? concentration in the internal phase of the catalysts as compared to the model homogeneous system, which contains the same amounts of the components as the heterogeneous one. Moreover, an additional acceleration is observed in the heterogeneous racemization as compared to the homogeneous one, ca. 5 fold for the second type anion exchangers and ca. 14 fold for the first type anion exchangers. 相似文献
19.
Paul McIntosh Andrew P. Southan Sobia Akhtar Christina Sidera Yuri Ushkaryov J. Oliver Dolly B. Robertson 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1997,435(1):43-54
We have examined the effects of co-expression of Kvβ1.1 and Kvβ2.1 subunits on the gating of rat brain Kv1.4 channels, expressed
in Xenopus oocytes. Expression of Kv1.4 subunits alone produced a rapidly inactivating ”A” type current, which activated at potentials
beyond –60 mV in a solution containing high levels of rubidium. Current activation curves obtained from tail current measurements
were fitted with a Boltzmann function, with V
1/2 = –47 mV and k = 10 mV. Neither the Kvβ1.1 nor Kvβ2.1 subunits altered the voltage dependence of activation. Both subunits accelerated the
activation time constant of Kv1.4, without affecting its voltage dependence. Surprisingly, the Kvβ2.1 subunit, which lacks
an N-terminal inactivation domain, was almost as effective as the Kvβ1.1 subunit in speeding up Kv1.4. Steady-state inactivation
of Kv1.4 was unchanged upon co-expression with either Kvβ1.1 or Kvβ2.1 subunits. Kv1.4 recovered from inactivation with two
time constants; apart from an ≈ 50% lengthening of the slow time constant with a high Kvβ2.1 injection ratio, neither time
constant was altered by either the Kvβ1.1 or Kvβ2.1 subunits, suggesting little interaction with recovery from C-type inactivation.
Clearly, β subunits have the potential to modify the gating of Kv1.4 channels in the brain more subtly than has been suggested
previously.
Received: 17 March 1997 / Accepted: 30 June 1997 相似文献
20.
Background: The sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is still the main cause of postneonatal infant death. However, the causes and mechanisms of SIDS have never been completely elucidated. Catecholamines, via α2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) interactions, are known to influence brainstem autonomic and respiratory activity. Aims: To examine the catecholaminergic system abnormalities in SIDS victims, we investigated the alterations of α2-AR subtypes. Subjects and methods: We examined the developmental changes of α2-AR subtypes in the brainstem, especially in cardiorespiratory nuclei, in 21 SIDS victims and 17 age-matched controls by means of immunohistochemical methods. For statistical analysis, the χ2-test or Fisher’s exact probability test was performed. Results: There was a significant decrease in α2A-AR immunoreactivity in the solitary nucleus and ventrolateral medulla (VLM) in the medulla oblongata in SIDS victims compared with in control cases, but there were no significant differences of the α2B and α2C-AR immunoreactivity in the brainstem between SIDS victims and controls. Conclusion: α2A-AR immunoreactivity was selectively decreased in the solitary nucleus and VLM in the medulla oblongata in SIDS victims, so there was no possibility that it was secondary to chronic hypoxia or repeated ischemia. It may be related to some impairment of the cardiorespiratory neuronal system. Therefore, SIDS victims may be vulnerable to asphyxia, hypoxia, and/or hypercapnia, and fail to exhibit brainstem responses. 相似文献