国家医疗器械标准物质研制技术要求的介绍

目的:医疗器械标准物质是医疗器械质量分析中使用的实物对照,也是医疗器械检验不可缺少的物质。为保证国家医疗器械标准物质的质量,规范研制工作,中国食品药品检定研究院制定了详细的技术要求。方法:详细介绍国家医疗器械标准物质分类、原料选择、制备、定值、审批、包装、贮存、供应及稳定性监测等主要工作流程的技术要求。结果与结论:该技术要求进一步加强和规范了国家医疗器械标准物质的管理工作,同时也为医疗器械标准物质研制人员提供了参考。     

复方鱼腥草片微生物限度检查方法的探讨

目的:建立适合复方鱼腥草片的微生物限度检查方法,促进以品种确定方法工作的开展.方法:对由6个生产企业提供的涉及常规法、培养基稀释法、离心沉淀集菌法的复方鱼腥草片细菌计数检查方法,按<中国药典>2005年版一部附录的要求进行再验证.结果:验证数据分析结果表明,6个生产企业的样品采用培养基稀释法进行细菌计数方法检查,试验菌回收率均达到要求.结论:可将复方鱼腥草片的微生物限度细菌计数检查方法统一为培养基稀释法.     

注射用牛肺表面活性剂治疗足月儿、近足月儿呼吸窘迫综合征的疗效分析

目的:探讨肺表面活性物质对足月儿、近足月儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)的疗效,为临床治疗提供依据。方法:收集我院新生儿科RDS患儿病历66份,根据是否使用肺表面活性物质分为治疗组和对照组,比较两组患儿治疗前的血气分析结果(pH值、二氧化碳分压、氧分压、呼吸频率)和用药1 h、6 h、12 h后两组患儿二氧化碳分压、呼吸频率和吸氧浓度,肺氧合功能(PaO2/FiO2、A-aPO2),比较两组患儿的吸氧时间、住院时间、呼吸机使用人数和死亡人数。结果:治疗前两组患儿血气分析各项结果之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);用药1 h、6 h、12 h后治疗组的二氧化碳分压、呼吸频率、吸氧浓度均小于对照组,两组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),治疗组的肺氧合功能明显优于对照组(PaO2/FiO2治疗组高于对照组,A-aPO2治疗组低于对照组),两组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),治疗组吸氧时间和住院时间明显短于对照组(P<0.01),治疗组呼吸机使用人数和死亡人数明显少于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:注射用牛肺表面活性剂对足月儿、近足月儿NRDS有明显的疗效,值得临床推广。     

谷胱甘肽硫转移酶M1基因多态与肺癌易感性的关系

目的探讨谷胱甘肽硫转移酶M1（GSTM1）基因多态与支气管肺癌癌变的关系。方法采用回顾性“病例—对照”设计和限制性片段多态检测法（PCR—RFLP）,检测肺癌病例组103例和正常对照组138例的G卯Ml基因多态,以非条件性logistic回归模型分别对年龄、性别进行校正后计算比数比（OR）及95％可信区间（CI）。结果GSTM1的缺陷型基因（D）频率在对照组、肺癌组分别为44.2％和61．2％。logistic回归分析表明．GSTMl缺陷型（D）患肺癌的危险度升高2．09倍,差异有统计学意义。GSTM1（D）可显著增加鳞癌和小细胞癌的患病危险度。结论GSTM1（D）是患肺癌的危险因素,GSTM1（D）存在与吸烟有协同作用。     

乌司他丁、 奥曲肽联合应用于急性胰腺炎30例的疗效与A-PACHEⅡ分析

目的:探究乌司他丁、奥曲肽联合应用于急性胰腺炎30例的疗效与APACHEⅡ.方法:研究对象是2014年9月~2016年9月来我院就诊的60例AP患者,按照治疗采用的药物不同划分为例数相同的两组,单一组(n=30)与联合组(n=30),单一组单纯采用奥曲肽治疗,联合组在单一组基础上采用乌司他丁治疗,对比两组治疗效果与APACHEⅡ评分.结果:联合组总治疗有效率93.33%(28/30)显著高于单一组的83.33%(25/30)(λ2=3.864,P=0.026<0.05);治疗后联合组APACHEⅡ评分(5.87±0.34)分显著低于单一组的(7.95±0.34)分(t=3.541,P=0.032<0.05).结论:两种药物联合运用于急性胰腺炎治疗,效果显著,而且有效改善APACHEⅡ评分,值得在急性胰腺炎患者治疗过程中推广应用.     

Inhibitory effects of licochalcone A isolated from Glycyrrhiza inflata root on inflammatory ear edema and tumour promotion in mice

Licochalcone A, 3-a,a-dimethylallyl-4,4'-dihydroxy-6-methoxychalcone, from the root of Glycyrrhiza inflata Beta (Leguminosae) (Xin-jiang liquorice) showed anti-inflammatory action towards mouse ear edema induced by arachidonic acid (AA) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) by topical application. Anti-tumour promoting action of licochalcone A was also observed in vivo for mouse skin papilloma initiated by dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and promoted by TPA. It inhibited in vitro 32Pi-incorporation to phospholipids in HeLa cells promoted by TPA. A competitive interaction of licochalcone A with the TPA-receptors in the cell membrane has been suggested.     

A new lignan from the seeds of Sphaerophysa salsula

A new compound, sphaerophysin A (1), together with 16 known compounds (2-17) were obtained from the ethanolic extract of the seeds of Sphaerophysa salsula. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence. Compounds 2-17 were isolated from the plant for the first time.     

第四批人凝血因子VIII国家标准品制备和标定

目的:建立经两步病毒灭活工艺制备的人凝血因子VIII国家标准品,以替代第三批人凝血因子VIII国家标准品。方法:按《中国药典》2010年版三部对人凝血因子VIII产品的生产工艺要求和质量标准,制备第四批人凝血因子VIII国家标准品(批号20100101),用WHO第七批人凝血因子VIII国际标准品(批号99/678),采用一期法进行协作标定,采用加速破坏试验进行稳定性考察。结果:批号20100101人凝血因子VIII国家标准品效价为12.1IU/支,稳定性好,其它项目指标均达到国家标准品的要求。结论:建立了符合国家标准品要求、并经病毒灭活的第四批人凝血因子VIII国家标准品。     

Inhibitory Effects of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Bark on Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Deficits in Mice

Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Bark (EUE) is commonly used for the treatment of hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, lumbago, and ischialgia as well as to promote longevity. In this study, we tested the effects of EUE aqueous extract in graded doses to protect and enhance cognition in scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairments in mice. EUE significantly improved the impairment of short-term or working memory induced by scopolamine in the Y-maze and significantly reversed learning and memory deficits in mice as measured by the passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests. One day after the last trial session of the Morris water maze test (probe trial session), EUE dramatically increased the latency time in the target quadrant in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, EUE significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) activities in the hippocampus and frontal cortex in a dose-dependent manner. EUE also markedly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylation of cAMP element binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus of scopolamine-induced mice. Based on these findings, we suggest that EUE may be useful for the treatment of cognitive deficits, and that the beneficial effects of EUE are mediated, in part, by cholinergic signaling enhancement and/or protection.     

Identification of a major metabolite of danshensu in rat urine and simultaneous determination of danshensu and its metabolite in plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats

Danshensu, as the effective component of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), has been widely used in clinical studies for treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China. A new metabolite, 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyllactic acid was isolated from the urine of rats, and its chemical structure was identified by ultraviolet (UV), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Furthermore, a selective and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC‐MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of danshensu and its major metabolite, 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyllactic acid, in rat plasma after oral and intravenous administration of danshensu. The separation was performed on a Hypersil Gold C₁₈ column (150 × 2.1 mm i.d., 3.0 µm, Thermo, San jose CA, USA) with gradient elution using a mobile phase composed of methanol and water (containing 0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Linear detection responses were obtained for danshensu and 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyllactic acid ranging from 5 to 10000 ng/mL and 5 to 4000 ng/mL, respectively. The lower limits of quantification (LLOQs) for the two compounds were both 5 ng/mL. The intra‐and inter‐day precision (R.S.D %) were within 5.61% for the two analytes. The average recoveries of the analytes were greater than 72.43%. The method was proved to be stable during all sample storage, preparation and analytic procedures. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic studies of danshensu and 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyllactic acid after oral and intravenous administration of danshensu in rats.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.