综合护理方案提高肠造口病人生活质量的评价研究

直肠癌是外科常见的恶性肿瘤之一，其中半数以上的病人需行经腹会阴联合直肠癌根治术（Miles）手术，做永久性结肠造口。我国每年新增肠造口病人大约10万人，由于肠造口改变正常排便方式，并常出现造口回缩、狭窄、出血及造口周围皮肤红肿、皮炎等并发症，给病人生活造成极大的不便，病人常出现自尊低下和社交障碍等心理变化而严重影响其生活质量。为了提高病人的生存质量，2006年1月-2006年12月在我科对32例直肠癌Miles手术病人实施造口袋综合护理，并与2005年1月-2005年12月实施常规护理的28例直肠癌Miles手术病人进行对比观察。现报告如下。     

适应心理治疗在精神分裂症患者服药依从性中的应用

目的探讨适应心理治疗对精神分裂症患者服药依从性的作用.方法将110例精神分裂症患者随机分成2组,干预组55例和对照组55例.2组均接受系统的抗精神病药物治疗,干预组在此基础上进行适应心理治疗,对照组仅限于一般健康教育,出院后随访1年.采用简明精神病量表(BPRS)、自知力与治疗态度问卷量表(ITAQ)、自拟服药依从性调查表,于治疗前、出院时、出院后6个月、1年分别进行评定对比.结果干预组和对照组比较,BPRS、ITAQ、服药依从性和再次住院次数有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论适应心理治疗能有效提高精神分裂症患者服药依从性,降低复发率.     

Inhibition of neuropathic pain by decreased expression of the tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel, NaV1.8.

Neuropathic pain is a debilitating chronic syndrome that often arises from injuries to peripheral nerves. Such pain has been hypothesized to be the result of an aberrant expression and function of sodium channels at the site of injury. Here, we show that intrathecal administration of specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) to the peripheral tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant sodium channel, NaV1.8, resulted in a time-dependent uptake of the ODN by dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, a selective "knock-down" of the expression of NaV1.8, and a reduction in the slow-inactivating, TTX-resistant sodium current in the DRG cells. The ODN treatment also reversed neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerve injury, without affecting non-noxious sensation or response to acute pain. These data provide direct evidence linking NaV1.8 to neuropathic pain. As NaV1.8 expression is restricted to sensory neurons, this channel offers a highly specific and effective molecular target for the treatment of neuropathic pain.     

Dominant negative effects of SCN5A missense variants

PurposeUp to 30% of patients with Brugada syndrome (BrS) carry loss-of-function (LoF) variants in the cardiac sodium channel gene SCN5A encoding for the protein Na_V1.5. Recent studies suggested that Na_V1.5 can dimerize, and some variants exert dominant negative effects. In this study, we sought to explore the generality of missense variant Na_V1.5 dominant negative effects and their clinical severity.MethodsWe identified 35 LoF variants (<10% of wild type [WT] peak current) and 15 partial LoF variants (10%-50% of WT peak current) that we assessed for dominant negative effects. SCN5A variants were studied in HEK293T cells, alone or in heterozygous coexpression with WT SCN5A using automated patch clamp. To assess the clinical risk, we compared the prevalence of dominant negative vs putative haploinsufficient (frameshift, splice, or nonsense) variants in a BrS consortium and the Genome Aggregation Database population database.ResultsIn heterozygous expression with WT, 32 of 35 LoF and 6 of 15 partial LoF variants showed reduction to <75% of WT-alone peak current, showing a dominant negative effect. Individuals with dominant negative LoF variants had an elevated disease burden compared with the individuals with putative haploinsufficient variants (2.7-fold enrichment in BrS cases, P = .019).ConclusionMost SCN5A missense LoF variants exert a dominant negative effect. This class of variant confers an especially high burden of BrS.     

肝组织学检查对慢性乙型肝炎患者抗病毒治疗的筛选价值

目的探讨肝穿刺病理检查在慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗选择中的应用价值。方法150例临床诊断为慢性乙型肝炎的患者行肝穿刺,用HAI系统对肝脏组织学进行评分,HAI评分为4分≤得分≤16分者纳入观查组,而得分<4或>16分者被剔除观察组。观察组94例及未肝穿对照组83例采用α1b干扰素500万单位肌肉注射,1次/日×1月,1次/隔日×5月,停药后随访6个月。结果经过筛选的观察组94例患者对干扰素的完全应答率(44.7%)明显高于对照组(24.1%,P<0.01);HAI评分在4分～8分的患者对于干扰素的完全应答率(30.0%)与对照组(24.1%)比较,P>0.05,无显著差异。而HAI评分在8分～12分者及12分～16分者对于干扰素的完全应答率分别为67.7%、65.2%,与对照组比较P均<0.01,差异显著。结论经过肝穿刺病理选择的慢性乙型肝炎患者对干扰素治疗效果明显高于未经肝穿选择的患者,且肝脏组织学评分越高的患者对干扰素的疗效越好。     

Susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma associated with null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1

ALM In order to study the association between the null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 and the genetic susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS The genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 of 63 cases of HCC and 88 controls were detected with the multiple PCR technique. RESULTS The frequency of GSTM1 null genotype was 57.1% among the cases, and 42.0% among the controls, the difference being statistically significant (x2 = 3.35, P = 0.067),but X2 value approaching the significance level.The odds ratio was 1.84 (95% Cl=0.91 - 3.37).The frequency of GSTT1 non-null genotype was 87.3% among the cases and 62.5% among the controls, the difference being statistically significant (X2=11.42, P=0.0007274). The odds ratio was 4.13 (95% Cl = 1.64 - 10.70).According to the cross analysis, the GSTT1 nonnull genotype was more closely associated with HCC than GSTM1 null genotype, and these two factors play an approximate addlitive interaction in the occurrence of HCC. CONCLUSION The persons with GSTM1 nullgenotype and GSTT1 non-null genotype have the increased risk to HCC.     

Long term treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism with sodium ipodate

To investigate the long term usefulness of sodium ipodate (Oragrafin) in the management of Graves' hyperthyroidism, we studied the effects of ipodate (500 mg, orally, daily for 23-31 weeks) on serum T3, T4, rT3, and some clinical parameters in five newly diagnosed Graves' hyperthyroid patients. Mean pretreatment serum T3, T4, and rT3 concentrations were 780 ng/dl, 25.4 micrograms/dl, and 118 ng/dl, respectively. One day after the first dose of ipodate, serum T3 decreased by 62% (P less than 0.01), and it was within the normal range thereafter throughout treatment. The serum T4 concentration decreased by 20% (P = 0.09) at 24 h and by 43% (P less than 0.05) at 14 days. Subsequently, serum T4 was 41-65% lower than before treatment throughout the study; rT3 increased 24 h after the first dose of ipodate (118% above baseline; P = 0.1), remained elevated (97-109%) for 10 weeks, and then gradually decreased to the pretreatment level. A marked gain in body weight [5.1 +/- 1.1 (+/- SEM) kg] occurred in all patients. After discontinuation of ipodate, mean thyroid radioiodine (RAI) uptake values increased serially in four patients and were similar to pretreatment values: pretreatment, 74 +/- 6% (+/- SEM); after 7 days, 66 +/- 8%; after 14 days, 71 +/- 7%; after 28 days, 69 +/- 7%. The fifth patients's RAI uptake was 12-16% (vs. a pretreatment value of 48%) from 7-28 days after the end of a 31-week course of ipodate. He remained euthyroid without further treatment for the subsequent 4 months. We conclude that 1) ipodate (500 mg daily) reduces serum T4 and T3 levels as fast and as much as does the 1-g daily dose studied previously; 2) long term use (for 23-31 weeks) of ipodate for the treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism is clinically feasible; no adverse effects occurred during or after ipodate treatment; and 3) RAI uptake returns to pretreatment levels as early as 7 days after the discontinuation of ipodate. Hence, use of ipodate does not prevent use of 131I therapy for those patients for whom it is otherwise desirable.     

Expression of and cytokine activation by Escherichia coli curli fibers in human sepsis

Curli organelles are expressed by commensal Escherichia coli K12 and by Salmonella typhimurium at temperatures <37 degrees C, which bind serum proteins and activate the contact-phase system in vitro. This study demonstrates, by means of an anti-CsgA (curli major subunit) antibody, that a significant fraction of E. coli isolates (24 of 46) from human blood cultures produce curli at 37 degrees C in vitro. Serum samples from 12 convalescent patients with sepsis, but not serum from healthy controls, contained antibodies against CsgA (n=12). This study further demonstrates that a curli-expressing E. coli strain and a noncurliated mutant secreting soluble CsgA induce significantly (P<.05) higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin [IL]-6, and IL-8) in human macrophages differentiated from THP-1 cells. These data, therefore, provide direct evidence that curli are expressed in vivo in human sepsis and suggest a possible role for curli and CsgA in the induction of proinflammatory cytokines during E. coli sepsis.     

克山病病区服硒人群停硒三年后体内硒、SOD、GSH-Px和脂质过氧化物水平测定及分析

选择山东省克山病病区邹具1983～1987年连续服Se 5年健康农民,以3组正常人群为对照,测血Se,抗氧化酶类及脂质过氧化物,结果表明,病区人群机体仍处于低Se状态,氧化与抗氧化系统的平衡存在某种程度的紊乱。服Se人群抗氧化酶活性提高,脂质氧化物水平下降。提示Se预防克山病具远期效应。     

A comparison of the potential role of the tetrodotoxin-insensitive sodium channels, PN3/SNS and NaN/SNS2, in rat models of chronic pain

Alterations in sodium channel expression and function have been suggested as a key molecular event underlying the abnormal processing of pain after peripheral nerve or tissue injury. Although the relative contribution of individual sodium channel subtypes to this process is unclear, the biophysical properties of the tetrodotoxin-resistant current, mediated, at least in part, by the sodium channel PN3 (SNS), suggests that it may play a specialized, pathophysiological role in the sustained, repetitive firing of the peripheral neuron after injury. Moreover, this hypothesis is supported by evidence demonstrating that selective "knock-down" of PN3 protein in the dorsal root ganglion with specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotides prevents hyperalgesia and allodynia caused by either chronic nerve or tissue injury. In contrast, knock-down of NaN/SNS2 protein, a sodium channel that may be a second possible candidate for the tetrodotoxin-resistant current, appears to have no effect on nerve injury-induced behavioral responses. These data suggest that relief from chronic inflammatory or neuropathic pain might be achieved by selective blockade or inhibition of PN3 expression. In light of the restricted distribution of PN3 to sensory neurons, such an approach might offer effective pain relief without a significant side-effect liability.