提高师资素质 带动素质教育

素质教育是 2 1世纪高等医学教育的主题 ,职业道德教育、理想观念的培养是素质教育的核心。本文阐述了外科教学中通过提高教师素质、带动素质教育的基本措施和实践过程 ,强调通过端正学习动机来培养学生为人民服务、为人类健康服务的深刻观念和崇高思想 ;指出通过手术技能训练和角色转换等倡导协作精神、强化群体意识的过程中教师素质水平的决定作用。以教师为导向 ,以严格的社会主义手术观和医德医风教育为契机 ,通过技能强化训练过程来培养医学生高尚的职业道德和为医学献身的敬业精神是外科技能教学素质教育的良好途径     

大学生心理健康状况及其影响因素的研究

目的：调查大学生心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法：采用问卷调查,进行单因素分析和多元线性回归分析,筛选影响心理健康的因素。结果：有心理问题者占１０．４％,有严重心理问题者占３．７％。影响大学生心理健康的因素有研究对象年级、母亲文化程度、父母关系、家族居住地区。结论：大学生中存在心理问题应引起家长、学校和社会的关注。     

铁氰化钾对血管基膜的特殊染色作用

为探讨铁氰化钾〔potassiumferricyanideK3Fe(CN) 6〕对血管基膜的特殊染色作用 ,以铁氰化钾作为染色剂对生物样本进行处理 ,并在透射电镜下观察血管基膜对该物质的反应。结果显示 ,用铁氰化钾浸染后的病理标本 ,血管基膜部位染色明显加深 ,电子密度增高。提示 :铁氰化钾可以与血管基膜结合 ,从而为研究血管基膜的超微病理变化提供了 1种新的电子染色技术     

实验性急性胰腺炎大鼠胰蛋白酶原激活肽的产生及意义初探

探讨了胰蛋白酶原激活肽 (TAP)在预测大鼠实验性急性胰腺炎严重程度中的意义。将 90只大鼠按抽签法随机分为 5组 :EP和NP( 3%和 5%牛磺胆酸钠逆行胆胰管注射 )组 ,TP(乌司他丁治疗 )组 ,CP(生理盐水对照 )组 ,OP(假手术 )组。用酶联免疫法测定各组制模后 3、6、2 4h的血浆TAP浓度。结果 :制模后 3h和 6h血浆TAP浓度NP组〔( 4.798± 0 .1 69)、( 3.999± 0 .2 99)nmol/L〕比EP组〔( 2 .4 1 6± 0 .1 4 8)、( 3.356± 0 .2 1 1 )nmol/L〕明显增高 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;在制模 6h后TP组血浆TAP浓度 ( 1 .61 1± 0 .1 1 3)nmol/L ,比EP组明显降低 (P <0 .0 1 )。提示 :血浆TAP浓度可以作为预测急性胰腺炎严重程度的指标     

老年人溃疡病穿孔外科治疗体会

目的 探讨老年人溃疡病穿孔的临床特点和外科治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析３６例老年人溃疡病穿孔的临床特点和外科治疗方法。结果 老年患得全身并存病多,重要在脏器功能及代偿功能随年龄增长而衰退。当发生溃疡病穿孔时,病情重而反应低下,临床症状并不典型,休克发生率高。结论 老年人溃疡病穿孔一经确诊,只要病情允许,应根据手术探查所见,采取不同的术式。     

TNF-α和IFN-α对淋巴细胞迁移至小鼠皮肤区的影响

目的　体内观察TNF -α和IFN -α两种细胞因子对淋巴细胞迁移至小鼠皮肤区的影响。方法　以近交系BALB/C小鼠为实验动物 ,皮内注射细胞因子 ,尾静脉输注标记的淋巴细胞 ,然后切取注射区皮块 ,制样后行乳化计数测量。测量值计算后转化成细胞浓度因子 (CCF) ,用CCF值反应淋巴细胞迁移的水平。结果　TNF -α和IFN -α注射区CCF值均高于对照(P <0 0 1) ;且TNF -α与IFN -α联合应用的CCF值是TNF -α和IFN -α各自应用之和的 137%。结论　TNF -α及IFN-α可以体内诱导淋巴细胞迁移至小鼠皮肤区内。     

新生儿脐血中甲状腺激素综合测定的临床意义

目的　 探讨沂蒙山区新生儿血液中甲状腺激素的水平和碘缺乏状态 ,为消灭新生儿碘缺乏症提供依据。方法　 利用放射免疫 (或免疫放射 )分析方法 ,对沂蒙山区 2 0 0 0例新生儿脐血中TT3、TT4 、FT3、FT4 、rT3、TSH进行综合检测。结果　 男女两性新生儿脐血中的甲状腺激素和促甲状腺激素无显著性差异 ;山区居民新生儿脐血中TT3、TT4 、FT3、FT4 、rT3 值均低于城镇居民新生儿 ,TSH值高于城镇居民新生儿 ,山区与城镇居民新生儿脐血中的TT3、TT4 之间存在显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5) ;有 6例 ( 0 .30 % )新生儿存在缺碘状况。结论　 检测新生儿脐血中TT4 、FT4 、TSH ,是判断新生儿是否存在碘缺乏的重要依据。     

Decreased frequency of a novel T-lymphocyte subset,CD3+CD4−CD7+CD57− T cells,in hepatitis B virus-related end-stage liver disease might contribute to disease progression

CD7 and CD57 are related to the differentiation and functional stages of CD8⁺ T cells. However, the role of their combined presence in CD8⁺ T cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, especially those with end-stage liver disease, remains unclear. Blood samples from healthy volunteers and patients with chronic hepatitis B were analyzed via Luminex assay and ELISA to measure plasma cytokine levels. Further, recombinant IL-22 was used to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers, and the frequency of CD3⁺CD4⁻CD7⁺CD57⁻ T cells and apoptosis rates were investigated via flow cytometry. Patients with end-stage liver disease, particularly those with acute to chronic liver failure, showed decreased CD3⁺CD4⁻CD7⁺CD57⁻ T cell frequency. Furthermore, the prevalence of CD3⁺CD4⁻CD7⁺CD57⁻ T cells was negatively correlated with disease severity, prognosis, and complications (ascites). We also observed that IL-22 promoted apoptosis and brought about a decrease in the number of CD3⁺CD4⁻CD7⁺CD57⁻ T cells in a dose-dependent manner. CD3⁺CD4⁻CD7⁺CD57⁻ T cells displayed a B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA)^highCD25^highCD127^high immunosuppressive phenotype and showed low interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, granzyme A, and perforin expression levels. The present findings will elucidate the pathogenesis of HBV-related end-stage liver disease and aid the identification of novel drug targets.     

The acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen self-testing: A cross-sectional study in China

Compared with the nucleic acid amplification test (NATT), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapid antigen self-testing (RAST) has advantages in speed and convenience. However, little is known about people's acceptance and influencing factors for SARS-CoV-2 RAST. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 21 to 30, 2022 in China. The χ² test and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify the influencing factors. The structural equation model was used to test the extended protective motivation theory (PMT) model hypotheses. Among the total of 5107 participants, 62.5% were willing to accept the SARS-CoV-2 RAST. There were significant differences in acceptance among different residences (p < 0.001), educational level (p < 0.001), occupation (p < 0.001), monthly income (p < 0.001), travel frequency (p < 0.05), and feelings about NATT (p < 0.001). Response efficacy (β = 0.05; p = 0.025) and self-efficacy (β = 0.84; p < 0.001) had a positive effect, while response cost showed a negative effect (β = −0.07; p < 0.001). The public's major concerns about SARS-CoV-2 RAST are its reliability, testing method, price, and authority. Overall, a moderate intention to use SARS-CoV-2 RAST was found among the Chinese population. The extended PMT can be used for the prediction of intention to accept the RAST. We need to take measures to increase people's acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 RAST.     

Primary hepatic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature

~ hepatic lympholna (PHL) is very uncommon, with which most clinicians are not fallliar. We report a case Of p~ hepatic non-Hodgkin's lymphomawhoSe clinical ~stalons were Presented edng withP~ssiVe liVer failure, and the comet diagnosis wascoallrmed by liver biopsy. A review of the lite~re anddiscussion of PHL ~ also Presented.~ ~ ~sPatient A 32-year-old man was abbotted to ourdepallment on APril l, 1999 because of fatigUe, anowhaand loss Of weight for 5 months, feVer for 4 d. The onse…