Effects of risperidone on dopamine receptor subtypes in developing rat brain.

The atypical antipsychotic risperidone is often prescribed to pediatric patients with neuropsychiatric disorders, though its effects on the developing brain remain unclear. Accordingly, we studied the effects of repeated treatment of risperidone on dopamine receptors in brain regions of juvenile rat. Levels of dopamine receptors (D(1), D(2), D(3), D(4)) in forebrain regions of juvenile rats were quantified after 3 weeks of treatment with three different doses of risperidone (0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) and compared findings to those in adult rats treated with risperidone (3.0 mg/kg/day) previously. Risperidone (at 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg/day) increased levels of D(1) receptors in nucleus accumbens and caudate-putamen of juvenile, but not adult rats. Conversely, all three doses of risperidone dose-dependently increased D(2) labeling in medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and D(4) receptor in nucleus accumbens, caudate-putamen and hippocampus of juvenile animals as well as in adults. Only the high dose of risperidone (3.0 mg/kg) increased D(2) receptors in caudate-putamen in both juvenile and adult brain. D(3) receptors were not altered by risperidone in any brain region at any dose or age. The findings indicate dose-dependent effects of risperidone on dopamine receptors in developing animals, and that juvenile animals are more sensitive than adults to the cerebral effects of risperidone.     

慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉合并支气管哮喘患者鼻窦内镜术后对支气管哮喘疗效的影响

目的观察鼻窦内镜术(endoscopic sinu ssurgery，ESS)对慢性鼻窦炎伴支气管哮喘患者哮喘发作的影响。方法对210例慢性鼻窦炎患者施行ESS术，其中伴有支气管哮喘病史者42例(20．0％)。210例患者均于术前、术后采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)培养上清液中的白细胞介素4(IL-4)，干扰素γ(IFN-γ)，可溶性白细胞介素2受体(sIL-2R)和可溶性IgE低亲和力受体(solube CD23，sCD23)的含量，并与20例正常对照组进行比较。通过主观和客观标准评定42例患者哮喘发作及对皮质类固醇的耐受状况，并对术后患者进行为期1年(10例)和3年(32例)的随访。结果鼻窦炎合并支气管哮喘患者术前PBMC培养上清液中IL-4，sIL-2R、sCD23含量较对照组显著升高，而IFN-γ含量较对照组显著减少。术后IL-4、sIL-2R、sCD23含量较对照组显著降低，而IFN-γ含量显著增高。术后哮喘改善水平由随访术后1年的45％提高到术后3年的70％。42例中32例(76％)哮喘发作次数明显减少，术前长期服用类固醇的2l例中，14例(67％)减少了对口服类固醇的使用。结论ESS对慢性鼻窦炎伴支气管哮喘患者的治疗有较满意的远期疗效。ESS能调节IL-4、IFN-γ sIL-2R、sCD23水平，降低哮喘的发作频率和对类固醇的依赖。     

Obesity and pronated foot type may increase the risk of chronic plantar heel pain: a matched case-control study

Background  

Chronic plantar heel pain (CPHP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders of the foot, yet its aetiology is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between CPHP and a number of commonly hypothesised causative factors.     

Myasthenia Gravis Appearing After Thymectomy: a Case Report and Review of the Literature

A small proportion of thymoma patients without myasthenia gravis (MG) have been observed to develop MG after total removal of the thymoma. However, the underlying cause is not yet known due to the rarity of postoperative MG patients. We report a 39-year-old man in whom MG appeared after surgical removal of a thymoma. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed no signs of recurrent or metastatic thymoma. Administration of pyridostigmine bromide resulted in the prompt improvement of myasthenic symptoms. Our observations indicate that postoperative follow-up care with monitoring of possible postoperative MG is necessary after resecting a thymoma.     

Effects of decreased insulin-like growth factor-1 stimulation on hypoxia inducible factor 1-α protein synthesis and function during cutaneous repair in diabetic mice

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (Igf-1), a critical mediator of tissue repair, is significantly decreased in diabetic wounds. Furthermore, decreased levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (Hif-1alpha) and its target genes are also associated with impaired wound healing in diabetic mice. The aim of our study was to examine whether the reduced levels of Igf-1 are responsible for the reduction in Hif-1alpha protein synthesis and activity in diabetic wounds. We provide evidence that Igf-1 regulates Hif-1alpha protein synthesis and activity during wound repair. In addition, Igf-1 stimulated phosphytidylinositol 3-kinase activity in diabetic fibroblasts, which, in turn, increased activation of the translational regulatory protein, p70 S6 kinase. Moreover, improved healing of diabetic wounds by addition of recombinant IGF-1 protein was associated with an increase in Hif-1alpha protein synthesis and function in vivo.     

Myocardial Depressant Effects of Desflurane: Mechanical and Electrophysiologic Actions In Vitro

Background: The authors determined whether desflurane altered myocardial excitation-contraction coupling and electrophysiologic behavior in the same manner as isoflurane and sevoflurane.

Methods: The effects of desflurane on isometric force in guinea pig ventricular papillary muscles were studied in modified standard and in 26 mm K+ Tyrode solution with 0.1 [mu]m isoproterenol. Desflurane effects on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release were also determined by examining its actions on rat papillary muscles, guinea pig papillary muscles in low-Na+ Tyrode solution, and rapid cooling contractures. Normal and slow action potentials were recorded using a conventional microelectrode technique. Ca2+ and K+ currents of guinea pig ventricular myocytes were examined.

Results: Desflurane (5.3% and 11.6%) decreased peak force to approximately 70% and 40% of the baseline, respectively, similar to the effects of equianesthetic isoflurane concentrations. With isoproterenol in 26 mm K+ Tyrode solution, desflurane markedly depressed late peaking force and modestly depressed early peak force. The rested state contractions of rat myocardium or guinea pig myocardium in low-Na+ Tyrode solution were modestly depressed, whereas rapid cooling contractures were virtually abolished after desflurane administration. Desflurane significantly prolonged the action potential duration. Desflurane reduced L-type Ca2+ current and the delayed outward K+ current but did not alter the inward rectifier K+ current.     

人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄非稳定性股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨高龄患者非稳定性股骨转子间骨折行人工股骨头置换术的临床疗效。方法本组74例，年龄75～89岁，平均80．3岁；骨折类型按Evans分类：ⅢA型31例，ⅢB型24例，Ⅳ型19例。其中3例为经内固定治疗失败病例，合并内科疾病者69例，在相关内科协同治疗后行双极骨水泥型人工股骨头置换术，术后早期进行康复锻炼。结果74例都顺利通过手术，住院期间无死亡病例；72例获得随访，随访时间3～16个月，平均9．2个月；无一例出现畸形，髋关节功能接近或恢复到受伤前水平，生活可自理；2例于出院后5个月、11个月死于其他疾病。结论人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄非稳定性股骨转子间骨折是一种效果确切的治疗方法，操作简单、创伤小、卧床时间短、并发症低、死亡率低，提高了高龄患者的生活质量。     

Comparison of the effects of three different combinations of general anesthetics on the electroretinogram of dogs

The objective of this study is to compare the effects of three different anesthetic combinations on the electroretinogram in the same animals under similar laboratory conditions. Thiopental–isoflurane (TI), medetomidine–ketamine (MK), and xylazine–ketamine (XK) were used on each of 12 healthy miniature schnauzer dogs (MS) with a period of at least 3 weeks in between subsequent anesthesia protocols, using the Dog Standard Protocol. The scotopic ERGs consisted of scotopic low stimulus strength (S) responses designated S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5, at 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min after dark adaptation, respectively, and scotopic standard stimulus strength (S-ST) responses. The photopic ERGs consisted of a photopic single flash (P) response and 31 Hz flicker (P-FL) responses. For S-ST (2.5 cd s/m²), the amplitude of the a-wave using TI was significantly lower than that using MK (adjusted P = 0.05) and XK (adjusted P = 0.03), and the implicit time of the a-wave was significantly shorter than that using MK (adjusted P = 0.04). For P (2.5 cd s/m²), the amplitude of the b-wave using XK was significantly higher than that using MK (adjusted P = 0.01). The implicit times of the b-wave using TI was significantly longer and shorter than that of MK for S1, S2 and P-FL and for S4 and S-ST, respectively, and than that of XK for S2 and P-FL and for S5 and S-ST, respectively. The results of the present study showed that TI affected both the amplitude and the implicit time of the a-wave for S-ST and the implicit time of the b-wave relatively more so than was the case when using XK or MK. Therefore, it appears that either XK or MK could be advantageous to use rather than TI for clinical studies.     

17 β雌二醇通过丝裂原活化蛋白激酶抑制前列腺癌细胞系PC3增殖

目的探讨丝裂原活化蛋白激酶在17β雌二醇(E2)抑制前列腺癌PC3细胞生长中的作用。方法检测不同浓度E2作用不同时间后PC3细胞生长抑制率。流式细胞仪分析细胞周期分布,TUNEL染色检测凋亡。Western blot检测ERK1/2,JNK和p38活性。RT-PCR法检测雌激素受体(ER)α、ERβ、P21WAF1和cyclinD1的表达。结果E2抑制PC3细胞增殖,并且可以激活ERK1/2、JNK和p38。处理因素作用48h后,对照组、E2、E2 PD98059、E2 SP600125、E2 SB203580组细胞的凋亡率分别为(0.9±0.1)%;(23.0±1.4)%;(30.0±1.2)%;(10.6±0.8)%和(14.6±0.7)%,(P<0.05)。E2使细胞阻滞在G1期,PD98059、SP600125、SB203580分别预处理1h后细胞分别进一步阻滞在G1期;轻度阻滞在G1期和进入S期。RT-PCR发现PC3细胞表达ERα和ERβ,E2、E2 PD98059、E2 SP600125、E2 SB203580组中cyclinD1、P21WAF1基因表达分别为对照组的(0.42±0.03)、(3.13±0.02)倍;(0.21±0.03)、(3.08±0.05)倍;(0.43±0.01)、(1.31±0.04)倍;(2.81±0.02)、(3.14±0.02)倍(P<0.05)。结论E2激活JNK增加P21WAF1基因表达,并激活p38抑制cyclinD1表达,使细胞阻滞在G1期,JNK和p38通路还介导E2引起PC3细胞凋亡。同时E2又可激活ERK1/2,轻度拮抗上述作用。