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41.
42.
Zhenwei Su Xinliang Zhou Stephen H. Loukin W. John Haynes Yoshiro Saimi Ching Kung 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》2009,458(5):861-867
Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels likely underlie myriad force-sensing processes, from basic osmotic regulation to specified
sensations of animal hearing and touch. Albeit important, the molecular identities of many eukaryotic MS channels remain elusive,
let alone their working mechanisms. This is in stark contrast to our advanced knowledge on voltage- or ligand-sensitive channels.
Several members of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel family have been implicated to function in mechanosensation
and are recognized as promising candidate MS channels. The yeast TRP homolog, TRPY1, is clearly a first-line force transducer.
It can be activated by hypertonic shock in vivo and by membrane stretch force in excised patches under patch clamp, making
it a useful model for understanding TRP channel mechanosensitivity in general. TRPY1 offers two additional research advantages:
(1) It has a large (∼300 pS) unitary conductance and therefore a favorable S/N ratio. (2) Budding yeast allows convenient
and efficient genetic and molecular manipulations. In this review, we focus on the current research of TRPY1 and discuss its
prospect. We also describe the use of yeast as a system to express and characterize animal TRP channels. 相似文献
43.
Naoyuki Iizuka Akiko Suzuki Kayoko Nozawa-Inoue Yoshiro Kawano B. G. T. L. Nandasena Takashi Okiji Takeyasu Maeda 《Journal of anatomy》2009,214(2):267-274
Caveolae are involved in clathrin-independent endocytosis, transcytosis, signal transduction, and tumor suppression – all of which depend on their main constituent protein caveolin families. The periodontal Ruffini ending has been reported to develop a caveola-like structure on the cell membrane of both the axon terminals and Schwann sheaths, suggesting the existence of an axon–Schwann cell interaction in the periodontal Ruffini endings. However, little information is available concerning the functional significance of these caveolae. The present study was undertaken to examine the immunolocalization of caveolin-1, -3 (Cav-1, Cav-3) and Ca2+ -ATPase in the periodontal Ruffini endings of the rat incisor. Decalcified sections of the upper jaws were processed for immunocytochemistry at the levels of light and electron microscopy. Some immunostained sections were treated with histochemistry for nonspecific cholinesterase (nChE) activity. Observations showed the periodontal Ruffini endings were immunopositive for Cav-1, but not Cav-3. Immunoreactive products for Cav-1 were confined to caveola-like structures in the cell membranes of the cytoplasmic extensions and cell bodies of the terminal Schwann cells associated with the periodontal Ruffini endings. However, the axonal membranes of the terminals did not express any Cav-1 immunoreaction. Double staining with Ca2+ -ATPase and either protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) or S-100 protein disclosed the co-localization of immunoreactions in the axonal branches of the periodontal Ruffini endings, but not in the terminal Schwann cells. As Ca2+ plays an important role in mechanotransduction, these characteristic immunolocalizations show Cav-1/Ca2+ -ATPase might be involved in the quick elimination of intracellular Ca2+ in mechanotransduction. 相似文献
44.
45.
Soluble E-selectin, leptin, triglycerides, and insulin resistance in nonobese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Taniguchi A Fukushima M Nakai Y Kuroe A Yamano G Yanagawa T Ohgushi M Ohya M Yoshii S Taki Y Seino Y 《Metabolism: clinical and experimental》2005,54(3):376-380
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between insulin resistance and soluble E-selectin, body mass index (BMI), leptin, and serum lipid profile including triglycerides in nonobese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. A total of 97 nonobese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients aged 43 to 84 years were examined. The duration of diabetes was 11.2 +/- 0.8 years. In conjunction with BMI and fasting concentrations of plasma glucose, serum lipids (triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and serum insulin, soluble E-selectin, and leptin were also measured. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level was calculated using the Friedewald formula. Insulin resistance was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment. The subjects were divided into 2 groups according to the value of insulin resistance estimated by the homeostasis model assessment. Values greater than 2.5 were indicative of the insulin-resistant state, and values less than 2.5 were indicative of the insulin-sensitive state. The insulin-resistant group had significantly higher levels of E-selectin, leptin, triglycerides, total and LDL cholesterol, and diastolic blood pressure as compared with the insulin-sensitive group. There was, however, no significant difference in age, sex, diabetes duration, BMI, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol between the 2 groups. Univariate regression analysis showed that insulin resistance was positively correlated to E-selectin (r = 0.305, P = .003), BMI (r = 0.283, P = .006), leptin (r = 0.296, P = .004), HbA1c (r = 0.241, P = .018), serum triglycerides (r = 0.385, P < .001), serum total (r = 0.240, P = .019) and LDL cholesterol (r = 0.254, P = .013) levels, and systolic (r = 0.247, P = .024) and diastolic (r = 0.305, P = .006) blood pressure. Multiple regression analyses showed that insulin resistance was independently predicted by serum E-selectin (F = 18.4), serum leptin (F = 14.0) and serum triglycerides (F = 20.0) levels, which explained 45.0% of the variability of insulin resistance. From these results, it can be concluded that in conjunction with serum triglycerides and serum leptin, serum E-selectin is another important independent factor associated with insulin resistance in nonobese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. 相似文献
46.
Takenaka R Kawahara Y Okada H Tsuzuki T Yagi S Kato J Ohara N Yoshino T Imagawa A Fujiki S Takata R Nakagawa M Mizuno M Inaba T Toyokawa T Sakaguchi K 《Gastrointestinal endoscopy》2008,67(2):359-363
BACKGROUND: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of early gastric cancer is less invasive than surgical resection, and if technically feasible, it may result in less long-term morbidity than does incisional surgery. However, ESD is technically difficult in patients who have had a previous distal gastrectomy. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to retrospectively assess the results of ESD of early gastric cancer in the remnant stomach. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING AND PATIENTS: A total of 31 lesions in 30 patients with early remnant gastric cancer were treated with ESD at Okayama University Hospital, Tsuyama Central Hospital, Hiroshima City Hospital, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, and Mitoyo General Hospital from March 2001 to January 2007. INTERVENTION: ESD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: En bloc resection rate, complete resection rate, operation time, and complications. RESULTS: En bloc resection and complete resection were achieved in 30 (97%) and in 23 (74%) lesions, respectively. The median operation time required for ESD in the remnant stomach was 113 minutes (range 45-450 minutes). Perforation occurred in 4 (13%). The incidence of delayed bleeding requiring blood transfusion was 0%. LIMITATION: Short duration of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: ESD is feasible in the remnant stomach but has a relatively high complication rate and should only be performed by experienced endoscopists. 相似文献
47.
Dr. Toshiaki Watanabe M.D. Yoshiro Kubota M.D. Tetsuichiro Muto M.D. 《Diseases of the colon and rectum》1997,40(6):718-725
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The intestine is rich in peptidergic innervation, which modulates mucosal immune responses. Among
neuropeptides, substance P (SubP) has received considerable attention for stimulatory effects on various immunocytes in inflammatory
diseases. In our prior study, we demonstrated increased innervation of SubP containing nerve fibers (SubP fibers) in ulcerative
colitis (UC) surgically resected colonic specimens. In the present study, we examined the alterations of SubP fibers among
various subgroups of UC, divided according to clinicopathologic features. METHODS: Distribution of SubP fibers were examined
immunohistochemically in the rectal biopsy specimens of UC. The UC group was further divided into subgroups according to six
clinicopathologic parameters. The linear density of SubP fibers was measured by digitalized morphometry for quantitative analysis.
RESULTS: Multivariate analysis revealed significant correlations between linear density of SubP fibers
vs.activity of diseases and total dose of prednisolone. Linear density was significantly increased in active cases of UC (active
UC, 22.6±1.6 μm/1,000 μm
2;vs.inactive UC, 12.2±0.8 μm/1,000 μm
2;P<0.01). Furthermore, the increase was pronounced in cases that showed persistent inflammation and, accordingly, needed a high
dose or continuous administration of prednisolone. CONCLUSION: Alterations in SubP fibers appear to play an important role
in the pathogenesis of UC. 相似文献
48.
Kentaro Matsuo Sang-Woong Lee Ryo Tanaka Yoshiro Imai Kotaro Honda Kazuhiro Yamamoto Kazuhisa Uchiyama 《Medicine》2021,100(16)
Introduction:Gastric varices can be present in up to 20% of patients with portal hypertension. However, a varix of the left gastroepiploic vein (LGV) is extremely rare. Surgery is required if bleeding occurs; thus, precise diagnosis is crucial. We present a successful case of preoperative diagnosis intraabdominal varix of the LGV using three-dimensional-computed tomography angiography (3D-CTA) followed by laparoscopic resection. This is the first report of a case with variant LGV. Our study demonstrates the efficacies of 3D-CTA and laparoscopic surgery for the diagnosis and safe resection of the intraabdominal varix, respectively.Patient concerns:A 74-year-old woman was referred to our department with a tumor in the abdominal cavity. On physical examination, no lumps were palpable in the upper abdomen.Diagnosis:The enhanced CT was revealed that the tumor was not enhanced in the early phase, but in the equilibrium phase. Moreover, 3D-CTA clearly revealed that the tumor was being supplied by the LGV. Thus, it was diagnosed as a variant of the LGV.Interventions:Surgical resection was performed laparoscopically as per the guidance of preoperative 3D-CTA findings. During surgery, a dark tumor was found along the gastroepiploic vessels, supplied by the LGV. The tumor was resected safely based on the preoperative information.Outcomes:Histopathological examination of the tumor showed accumulation of various vessels, but no malignant cells. Therefore, we made a final diagnosis of the tumor as an LGV varix. For follow-up, an annual CT examination was performed and after 3 years postoperation, no recurrence was observed.Conclusions:In the present case, we have achieved a successful preoperative diagnosis using 3D-CTA, and resection was safely accomplished using laparoscopy guided by preoperative anatomical information. This is the first report of an LGV variant. Appropriate management is crucial because bleeding is a catastrophic event. Therefore, imaging procedures such as 3D-CTA for diagnosis, followed by safe resection by laparoscopic surgery, are effective tools for the treatment of epiploic vein varices. 相似文献
49.
Junji Kato Yoshihiro Mogi Yutaka Kohgo Rishu Takimoto Masayoshi Kobune Hiroyuki Hisai Tokiko Nakamura Kohichi Takada Yoshiro Niitsu 《Journal of gastroenterology》1998,33(6):855-859
Blood levels of inflammatory-related cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, are
elevated in patients with alcoholic liver diseases. We investigated the effects of these cytokines and ethanol on the expression
of hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptors (AGPRs) in a human hepatoblastoma cell line, HepG2. An [125I]-asialo-orosomucoid binding assay showed significant increases in surface AGPR numbers in HepG2 cells by treatment with
IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, to levels which were approximately 130% of the values in untreated control cells. However, the enhanced
AGPR numbers induced by treatment with these cytokines were markedly suppressed, to 70%–80% of the number in the untreated
cells, by treatment with ethanol. Immunological detection of AGPR with a specific antibody demonstrated that the modulation
of surface AGPR numbers was correlated with the cellular expression levels of AGPR. These results suggest that, although IL-1β,
IL-6, and TNF-α stimulate the synthesis of hepatic AGPR, ethanol suppresses the expression of AGPR augmented by these cytokines.
This leads to an increase in serum asialo-orosomucoid levels caused by the disordered catabolism mediated by AGPR in patients
with alcoholic liver disease.
(Received Dec. 5, 1997; accepted May 22, 1998) 相似文献
50.
Yevheniia Mikheenko Yoshiro Shiba Stephen Sawiak Katrin Braesicke Gemma Cockcroft Hannah Clarke Angela C Roberts 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2015,40(6):1395-1404
Trait anxiety is a risk factor for the development and maintenance of affective disorders, and insights into the underlying brain mechanisms are vital for improving treatment and prevention strategies. Translational studies in non-human primates, where targeted neurochemical and genetic manipulations can be made, are critical in view of their close neuroanatomical similarity to humans in brain regions implicated in trait anxiety. Thus, we characterised the serotonergic and regional brain volume correlates of trait-like anxiety in the marmoset monkey. Low- and high-anxious animals were identified by behavioral responses to a human intruder (HI) that are known to be sensitive to anxiolytic drug treatment. Extracellular serotonin levels within the amygdala were measured with in vivo microdialysis, at baseline and in response to challenge with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, citalopram. Regional brain volume was assessed by structural magnetic resonance imaging. Anxious individuals showed persistent, long-term fearful responses to both a HI and a model snake, alongside sustained attention (vigilance) to novel cues in a context associated with unpredictable threat. Neurally, high-anxious marmosets showed reduced amygdala serotonin levels, and smaller volumes in a closely connected prefrontal region, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. These findings highlight behavioral and neural similarities between trait-like anxiety in marmosets and humans, and set the stage for further investigation of the processes contributing to vulnerability and resilience to affective disorders. 相似文献