基于NF-κB信号通路的细柱五加中impressic acid的抗炎作用研究

目的 研究细柱五加Acanthopanax gracilistylus W.W.Smith中impressic acid（IA）对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7的抗炎作用。方法 以LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞建立炎症模型;使用EZ4U细胞增殖与细胞毒性分析试剂盒检测IA对RAW264.7细胞的毒性作用;Griess法测定一氧化氮（NO）水平;ELISA法测肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-1β（IL-1β）水平;RT-PCR法检测TNF-α、IL-1β mRNA表达;Western blotting检测高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）蛋白表达;ELISA法细胞质和细胞核的核因子-κB（NF-κB）水平。结果 Impressic acid可以显著抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞中TNF-α、IL-1β水平和HMGB1蛋白表达,并抑制NF-κB从细胞质向细胞核的转移（P<0.05、0.01）。结论 细柱五加中IA对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞具有抗炎作用。     

Inhibitory effects of chlorophyllin on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced bacterial mutagenesis and mouse skin carcinogenesis.

Chlorophyllin (CHL), a water-soluble derivative of chlorophyll, has been used for the treatment of several abnormal human conditions without apparent toxicity. Recent studies have revealed that CHL has the excellent chemopreventive potential. In the present investigation, we have found the inhibitory activities of CHL against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and also on DMBA-initiated and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-promoted mouse skin tumor formation. The incidence and the multiplicity of skin tumors were not significantly decreased in mice by a single topical application of CHL prior to the DMBA treatment, but there was a marked suppression of papillomagenesis in mice treated with CHL during the promotional stage. Furthermore, the formation of DMBA-induced papillomagenesis was reduced in all mice that had received CHL for 6 weeks following treatment with TPA for 6, 18 and 24 weeks. These results indicate that CHL can inhibit both tumor promotion and the progression of papillomagenesis in the two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis induced by DMBA and TPA.     

Intermittent parathyroid hormone treatment can promote linear growth in the ovariectomized growing rat.

To compare the effect of intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatment with that of estrogen treatment on epiphyseal growth in ovariectomized rats, 46 Sprague-Dawley female rats aged 9-10 weeks (about 200-220 g) were either ovariectomized or sham operated. From 6 weeks after ovariectomy (ovx), rats were daily injected with subcutaneous human recombinant PTH (1-84)-dosed 30 micrograms/kg (the low dose PTH-treated group) or 300 micrograms/kg (the high dose PTH-treated group), 17 beta-estradiol (the 17 beta-estradiol-treated group, 30 micrograms/kg) or vehicle (the ovx-alone group), 5 times a week for 4 weeks. The decalcified sections of the distal femoral epiphyseal plate were analyzed on light microscopy after H&E stain, and the lengths of the zones of proliferation, maturing and hypertrophic chondrocytes were measured. The length of the growth plate, the zone of proliferation and the zone of hypertrophic chondrocyte in the ovx-alone group were significantly shorter than those of the sham-operated group. The treatment of 17 beta-estradiol speeded up the differentiation of cells from proliferating chondrocytes to maturing and hypertrophic chondrocytes even though the length of the growth plate was comparable to that of the sham-operated group. Both low and high dose PTH treatments increased the length of the growth plate, and those lengths were comparable to that of the sham-operated group. The fractions of proliferating, maturing and hypertrophic zone in the low dose PTH-treated group were also comparable to those of the sham-operated group. However, high dose PTH treatment slowed down the differentiation of cells from proliferating chondrocytes to maturing and hypertrophic chondrocytes to a greater extent, and therefore the fraction of proliferating chondrocytes of the high dose PTH-treated group was larger than that of the low dose PTH-treated group (73.8 +/- 1.8 Vs 63.3 +/- 1.3%, p < 0.005). From these results, we showed that intermittent PTH treatment could promote linear growth in the ovariectomized growing rat. We propose that PTH may be an alternative drug candidate for promoting linear growth of long bones without the risk for early closure of the growth plate.     

Bronchoscopy and Tuberculostearic Acid Assay in the Diagnosis of Sputum Smear-negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Prospective Study with the Addition of Transbronchial Biopsy

A prospective study of the efficacy of bronchoscopy and tuberculostearicacid assay in the diagnosis of sputum smear-negative pulmonarytuberculosis (TB) was carried out in 39 patients with symptomsand radiographic changes suggestive of active pulmonary TB.The diagnosis of TB was confirmed in 15 patients, probable TBwas diagnosed in eight and 16 patients did not have TB. An earlydiagnosis of TB was made by bronchoscopy in six patients (40per cent). Culture of sputum obtained before bronchoscopy waspositive in nine patients (60 per cent) while combined withbronchoscopy specimens, a positive mycobacterial culture wasobtained in 12 patients (80 per cent). Mycobacteria were culturedfrom transbronchial biopsy specimens from five patients (33per cent) but none of these was exclusively positive. Histologicalexamination of transbronchial biopsy tissue was diagnostic ofTB in four patients and it was the exclusive means of earlydiagnosis in two. Transbronchial biopsy also provided an alternativediagnosis in four other patients. Tuberculostearic acid assayhad a sensitivity of 0.40 in bronchial aspirate, 0.80 in bronchoalveolarlavage fluid, and 0.27 in transbronchial biopsy specimens: thecombined result was 0.87. In nine patients with pulmonary TBin whom an early diagnosis could not be made, the tuberculostearicacid assay was positive in seven (78 per cent). We concludethat bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchialbiopsy is helpful in providing early diagnosis and positiveculture results. Assay of tuberculostearic acid in bronchoalveolarlavage fluid is a useful adjunct to early diagnosis. However,mycobacterial culture and assay of tuberculostearic acid intransbronchial biopsy specimens have little diagnostic value.     

心肌梗死大鼠心肌细胞凋亡及磷酸肌酸的干预

目的:缺血引起的心肌能量供应不足是心肌细胞凋亡主要的因素之一,观察补充外源性能量磷酸肌酸对缺血心肌细胞凋亡和心功能的影响。方法:实验于2003-04/06在解放军总医院老年心血管病研究所实验室完成。选用SD大鼠50只,按随机数字表法分为3组:①磷酸肌酸组19只,结扎左冠状动脉制作心肌梗死模型,结扎前30min按200mg/kg的剂量腹腔注射磷酸肌酸1次。②缺血对照组21只,心肌缺血方法同磷酸肌酸组,结扎前30min腹腔注射相同体积的50g/L葡萄糖注射液1次。③正常对照组10只,仅在冠状动脉下穿线,不结扎冠状动脉,其余同缺血对照组。结扎冠状动脉6h后,取各组大鼠心脏标本做石蜡切片,缺口末端标记法染色,高倍镜下计数心肌细胞凋亡指数,凋亡指数=凋亡心肌细胞数/心肌细胞总数;取心脏标本前,测左心室收缩压、舒张末压和压力变化速度,并进行组间比较。结果:磷酸肌酸组大鼠造模时死亡9只;缺血对照组造模时死亡10只,造模成功后6h内死亡1只,进入结果分析共30只大鼠,每组10只。①缺血对照组大鼠的左心室舒张末压显著高于正常对照组[(13.9±5.3vs.2.8±3.2)mmHg(P<0.01)],左心室压力变化速度显著低于正常对照组[(705.8±111.7vs.1141.7±94.5)mmHg/s(P<0.01)];磷酸肌酸组大鼠的左心室舒张末压显著低于缺血对照组[(8.9±3.5)mmHg(P<0.05)];左心室压力变化速度显著高于缺血对照组[(841.5±76.1)mmHg/s(P<0.01)];左心室收缩压与缺血对照组差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。②磷酸肌酸组大鼠的心肌细胞凋亡指数显著低于缺血对照组(0.203±0.054vs.0.278±0.052,P=0.006)。结论:补充外源性能量磷酸肌酸可以减少缺血后心肌细胞凋亡,并改善心功能,磷酸肌酸抑制缺血心肌细胞凋亡可能是改善心肌梗死后心功能的主要作用途径之一。     

Association between anger and first-onset primary spontaneous pneumothorax

OBJECTIVE: Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is a frequent and problematic disease, but its underlying causes and pathophysiology remain unclear. This study examined whether anger, which is related to many psychosomatic diseases, is a psychosocial factor associated with first-onset PSP. METHOD: We administered the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, Stress Response Inventory, Coping Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and Global Assessment of Recent Stress to 91 patients with first-onset PSP and to 77 patients with recent minor trauma as controls. RESULTS: The scores on anger-in, anger-out, state anger and trait anger were significantly higher in the PSP group than in the control group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that low body mass index and trait anger could be associated with PSP. CONCLUSION: We hypothesize that anger could play a role in the pathophysiology of PSP.