恶性淋巴瘤危险因素病例对照研究

[目的]探讨恶性淋巴瘤发病的危险因素。[方法]采用1：2配比病例对照研究的方法，对南通市及其周围地区48例经细胞学或病理学确诊的恶性淋巴瘤患者及96例对照进行问卷调查，相关资料采用条件Logistic回归分析。[结果]三废污染（OR=3.07,90%CI1.23-7.67)、有机溶剂（OR=3.88,90%CI1.18-13.97)、避孕药（OR=2.26,90%CI1.15-6.60)、家族肿瘤史（OR=17.30,90%CI4.42-57.66)和饮酒（OR=0.66,90%CI 0.43-1.00)与恶性淋巴瘤的发病有关。[结论]三废污染、有机溶剂、避孕药和家族肿瘤史可能是恶性淋巴瘤的危险因素，而少量饮酒可以降低恶性淋巴瘤的发病危险性。     

食管癌淋巴结转移的临床病理因素

目的 探讨食管癌淋巴结转移的临床病理相关因素。方法 对204例食管癌根治标本进行统计,分析各主要临床病理改变与淋巴结转移关系。结果 204例食管癌中有淋巴结转移者89例,淋巴结转移率为43.6％。胸中段癌淋巴结转移率为48.0％,胸上段癌和胸下段癌的淋巴结转移率分别为32.0％和26.9％。髓质型和溃疡型淋巴结转移率分别为47.6％和56.0％,除缩窄型外其他类型转移率最高者为21.4％。男性患者淋巴结转移率为54.3％,女性淋巴结转移率为28.4％。浸润至黏膜层和黏膜下层者,未发现淋巴结转移,浸润至浅肌层、深肌层、纤维膜者淋巴结转移率分别为28.6％、45.6％和48.8％。以上四种因素中前后两者间比较差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。淋巴结转移率与年龄无关,也不随肿瘤大小的增加而增加。结论 男性食管胸中段癌患者淋巴结转移率较高,尤其当肿物为髓质型和溃疡型时最为显著。     

整合素α_5β_1和nm23在乳腺癌中的表达及临床意义

 目的　研究整合素α5β1及nm2 3在乳腺癌中的表达及临床意义 ,以及两者之间的相关性。方法采用免疫组织化学S -P法 ,检测 5 1例乳腺癌和 10例正常乳腺组织的整合素α5β1及nm2 3的表达情况。结果　①乳腺癌中整合素α5β1的低表达与淋巴结转移阳性、组织分化低密切相关 ;②乳腺癌中nm2 3的低表达与淋巴结转移阳性密切相关 ;③乳腺癌中整合素α5β1的表达水平与nm2 3的表达水平呈正相关。结论　整合素α5β1和 /或nm2 3的低表达可作为早期识别具有高浸润和转移潜能的乳腺癌并判断其预后的有用指标。     

人类TAP2基因克隆及真核表达质粒的构建

抗原处理相关转运体(transporter associated with antigen processing,TAP)属于ABC(ATP-binding cassette)超家族成员,由TAP1(75 kD)和TAP2(71 kD)形成异二聚体,负责抗原肽从胞浆到内质网的转运,在MHC Ⅰ类分子的抗原处理及提呈过程中发挥重要作用.     

经典型Kaposi,s肉瘤放射治疗加生物治疗

 目的　分析了 8例Kaposi,s肉瘤 (KS)的临床特点和放疗加生物治疗的疗效。方法　采用6 0 钴或加速器 χ线和电子线混合射线常规分割照射 ,总量 36～ 6 1Gy。生物疗法包括LAK细胞和干扰素、免疫核糖核酸。结果　除例 1放疗后 2个月死于糖尿病、例 6失访外 ,其余均获长期生存。生存 1年以上 6 /8,3年以上 4 /8,5年以上 2 /8。结论　放射线治疗对KS有效 ,较晚期根治剂量以 5 0Gy左右为宜 ,同时加生物治疗可能可以提高疗效。     

温针疗法治疗雷诺综合征30例

为观察温针疗法治疗雷诺综合征的,60列雷诺综合征患者随机分为治疗组30例（温针治疗）和对照组30例（西药倍他乐克治疗），疗程均为15天。结果：治疗组的有总有效率为90．00％，对照组的总有效率为66．67％，两总有效率的差异有显著性意义。提示温针疗法对雷诺综合征有较好的临床疗效。     

A population-based case-control study of the Arg399Gln polymorphism in DNA repair gene XRCC1 and risk of breast cancer.

XRCC1 (X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1) is a base excision repair protein that plays a central role in the repair of DNA base damage and strand breaks. A common polymorphism (Arg-->Gln) at codon 399 of the XRCC1 gene has been previously linked to functional changes of the gene product and risk of cancers. We evaluated the association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism and breast cancer risk in the population-based Shanghai Breast Cancer Study involving 1088 cancer patients and 1182 community controls. Genomic DNA from peripheral blood was used in genotyping assays, and exposure information and anthropometrics were collected through in-person interview. Plasma estrogen and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were measured for 190 postmenopausal breast cancer patients who had donated a pretreatment blood sample and 407 postmenopausal controls. Conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) adjusting potential confounders. Approximately 27% of controls carried the variant allele (Gln), and cases and controls had a similar distribution for both allele type and genotype of this polymorphism. We found that 7.8% of cases and 6.3% of controls were homozygous for the variant allele, resulting in an OR of 1.20 (95% CI, 0.85-1.69). The OR was slightly higher among younger women [<45 years of age (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.82-2.36)] than older women [> or = 45 years of age (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.68-1.67)], but neither OR was statistically significant. No modifying effect of major breast cancer risk factors, including years of menstruation, body mass index, waist:hip ratio, and blood estrogen levels, was noted. Homozygosity for the variant Gln allele was associated with an elevated risk of postmenopausal breast cancer among subjects with a higher blood level of SHBG (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.16-9.20) and a reduced risk among those with a lower level of SHBG (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.18-1.97). The overall results of the study suggest that Arg399Gln polymorphism of the XRCC1 gene alone may not play a substantial role in the risk of breast cancer among Chinese women.     

Cisplatin down-regulation of cellular Fas-associated death domain-like interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme-like inhibitory proteins to restore tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis in human melanoma cells.

PURPOSE: Many melanoma cell lines and primary cultures are resistant to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms that control melanoma cell resistance and searched for chemotherapeutic drugs that could overcome the TRAIL resistance in melanoma cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We examined 21 melanoma cell lines and 3 primary melanoma cultures for their sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, and then tested cisplatin, chemptothecin, and etoposide for their synergistic effects on TRAIL sensitivity in resistant melanoma cells. RESULTS: Of 21 melanoma cell lines, 11 showed various degrees of sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through caspase-8-initiated cleavage of caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation factor 45. The remaining cell lines and primary cultures were resistant to TRAIL, but cisplatin, chemptothecin, and etoposide sensitized the resistant cell lines and primary cultures to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, which also occurred through the caspase-8-initiated caspase cascade. Of the two TRAIL death receptors (DR4 and DR5), melanoma cells primarily expressed DR5 on cell surface. Cisplatin treatment had no effects on cell surface DR5 expression or intracellular expression of Fas-associated death domain and caspase-8. Instead, cisplatin treatment down-regulated intracellular expression of the short form of cellular Fas-associated death domain-like interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) and inhibited phosphorylation of the long form of c-FLIP. CONCLUSIONS: The results presented here indicate that cisplatin inhibits c-FLIP protein expression and phosphorylation to restore TRAIL-induced caspase-8-initiated apoptosis in melanoma cells, thus providing a new combined therapeutic strategy for melanomas.     

紫外分光光度法测定呋麻滴鼻液中盐酸麻黄碱的含量

目的建立呋麻滴鼻液中盐酸麻黄碱的紫外分光光度法的含量测定方法。方法次氯酸钠为氧化剂，测定由盐酸麻黄碱被次氯酸钠氧化后的氧化产物苯甲醛，检测波长为249nm。结果盐酸麻黄碱在2～18μg/ml范围内，线性关系良好(r=0．9996)，平均回收率为98．05％(n=9，RSD=0．72％)。结论本法灵敏度高，快捷准确。     

吉西他滨联合铂类药物治疗晚期胰腺癌的疗效观察

目的 观察吉西他滨(健择)联合顺铂/草酸铂(GP/GEM-OX方案)治疗晚期不能手术或手术后复发的胰腺癌患者的疗效与不良反应。方法 28例患者分别给予GP或GEM-OX方案2～13周期。按WHO标准评定疗效和不良反应。结果 26例可评价疗效，无一例完全缓解(CR，0％)，部分缓解(PR)7例(26．9％)，稳定(SD)10例(38．5％)，进展(PD)9例(34．6％)。可评价临床受益反应(CBR)27例，有效率为70．4％(19／27)。中位疾病进展时间为4．2个月，中位生存时间为9．3个月。结论 健择联合顺铂/草酸铂是治疗晚期胰腺癌患者的安全有效方案，并能较好改善疾病相关症状，毒副反应可以耐受。