艾滋病病毒感染者罹患皮肤烧伤治疗体会

目的：总结艾滋病病毒HIV感染罹患皮肤烧伤的治疗和预防措施。方法：对1997年1月-2001年10月收治的两例烧伤前伴有艾滋病病毒感染病人隔离治疗，同时上报主管部门。结果：两例患烧伤创面均治愈出院，未发生并发症。建议到国家指定医疗单位采取强制性隔离治疗。结论：加强对入院烧伤病人HIV检测，避免HIV感染扩散。     

锁骨钩钢板固定治疗Ⅲ度肩锁关节脱位

目的 探讨AO锁骨钩钢板（chavicular hook-plate,CHP）治疗Ⅲ度肩锁关节脱位的疗效。方法 45例患者资料来源于北京首都医科大学附属朝阳医院骨科（24例）和北京潞河医院骨科（21例）。均为Allman Ⅲ度肩锁关节完全性脱位，应用CHP固定治疗。所有病例均直接修复断裂的肩锁韧带，其中19例直接修复断裂的喙锁韧带，26例用喙肩韧带代替重建无法直接修复的喙锁韧带。结果 获随访41例，随访时间3－47个月，平均26个月。术后15－20d，肩关节活动基本正常。患者恢复工作和体力劳动为术后2－4个月，平均3个月。取出CHP时间为3－10个月，平均5个月。无钢板断裂、螺钉松动和再脱位。按Karlsson疗效价标准，优占80.5%(33/41)，良占14.6%(6/41)，差占4.9%(6/41)，差占4.9%（2／41）。优良率达95.1%（39／41）。结论 CHP治疗Ⅲ度肩锁关节脱位，可早期活动肩关节，关节功能恢复快，疗效满意。     

螺旋CT与MR门静脉成像的对照研究

目的　以常规门静脉直接造影为标准 ,对比分析螺旋CT与MR门静脉成像的临床应用价值。方法　 3 8例患者分别进行了螺旋CT门静脉成像 (spiralCTportography ,CTP) ,三维动态增强磁共振血管成像 (3DdynamiccontrastenhancedMRangiography ,3DDCEMRA)和常规门静脉直接造影 ,间隔时间为 0～ 3d。其中 2 9例为肝癌患者 ,伴或不伴门脉高压 ;9例为单纯肝硬化伴门脉高压患者。以常规门静脉直接造影结果为标准 ,对照分析CTP和 3DDCEMRA对门静脉病变的显示能力 ,包括 :(1)门静脉成像质量 ;(2 )门静脉主干及左、右分支的开放性 ;(3 )侧支循环发生的部位及分布的范围 ;(4)分别计算 2种检查技术的平均费用。结果　CTP门静脉显影质量的总得分为 617,3DDCEMRA为60 0 ,经配对t检验 ,两者之间的差别无显著意义 (t=1 5 61,P >0 0 5 )。CTP和 3DDCEMRA与常规门静脉直接造影对照显示门静脉开放性的总符合率分别为 95 6% (10 9/114)和 96 5 % (110 /114) ,经 χ2检验 ,两者之间的差异无显著意义 (χ2 =0 814,P >0 0 5 )。除 1例冠状静脉曲张未显示外 ,其余侧支血管在CTP上均清楚显影 ,符合率为 97 1% (3 3 /3 4) ,而 3DDCEMRA漏诊 1例为脐静脉重新开放 ,其余均显示 ,符合率也为 97 1% (3 3 /3 4)。螺旋CT门静脉成像和 3DDC     

中药烧伤膏I号联合削痂治疗小面积Ⅲ度烧伤的疗效观察

目的　探讨中药烧伤膏1号联合削痂治疗小面积Ⅲ度烧的疗效。方法　常规清创和削、切痂后,局部贴敷中药烧伤膏Ⅰ号,创面溶脱,液化前隔日换药,以后每日换药直至创面愈合。结果　全部病例均未植皮,创面愈合良好,愈合时间25-48d,82％(59/72)病例在5周内治愈。结论　该法不需植皮,愈合快,瘢痕轻,不失为是治疗小面积深度烧伤的有效方法之一。     

Combined time-resolved and high-spatial-resolution 3D MRA using an extended adaptive acquisition

PURPOSE: To combine the benefits of time-resolved dynamic imaging and single elliptical centric acquisitions in a reasonable scan time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A time series of images with moderate spatial resolution was acquired using the 3D Time-Resolved Imaging of Contrast KineticS (3D TRICKS) technique with elliptical centric encoding during contrast arrival. Following venous opacification, a complete large centrically encoded k-space volume was acquired. The high-spatial-frequency portions of this volume were combined with a 3D TRICKS time frame to form a high-resolution image. An additional single image is formed by suppressing background and signal averaging all acquired data, including post-venous low-spatial-frequency data. For this image, 2D temporal correlation analysis is used to suppress low-spatial-frequency vein contributions. Arrival time and spatial correlations are used to suppress background. RESULTS: The 3D TRICKS time frame may be selected to ensure a combined high-resolution image that has optimal central k-space sampling for any vascular region. The single image formed by signal averaging all acquired data has increased contrast-to-noise (CNR) and signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios. CONCLUSION: The advantages of time-resolved and high-spatial-resolution imaging were combined using an extended dual-phase acquisition. Some SNR and CNR gain was achieved by signal averaging. This process is facilitated by background and vein suppression.     

Downregulation of Glutamate Transporter EAAT4 by Conditional Knockout of Rheb1 in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells

Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 (EAAT4) is believed to be critical to the synaptic activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells by limiting extracellular glutamate concentrations and facilitating the induction of long-term depression. However, the modulation of EAAT4 expression has not been elucidated. It has been shown that Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling plays essential roles in the regulation of protein translation, cell size, and cell growth. In addition, we previously found that a cascade including mTOR suppression and Akt activation induces increased expression of EAAT2 in astrocytes. In the present work, we explored whether Rheb/mTOR signaling is involved in the regulation of EAAT4 expression using conditional Rheb1 knockout mice. Our results demonstrated that Rheb1 deficiency resulted in the downregulation of EAAT4 expression, as well as decreased activity of mTOR and increased activity of Akt. The downregulation of EAAT4 was also confirmed by reduced EAAT4 currents and slowed kinetics of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor–mediated currents. On the other hand, conditional knockout of Rheb1 did not alter the morphology of Purkinje cell layer and the number of Purkinje cells. Overall, our findings suggest that small GTPase Rheb1 is a modulator in the expression of EAAT4 in Purkinje cells.     

Upregulation of HMGB1 in wall of ruptured and unruptured human cerebral aneurysms: preliminary results

A growing body of evidence suggests that inflammation plays a crucial role in cerebral aneurysm initiation, progression, and rupture. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a non-histone nuclear protein that can serve as an alarmin to drive the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of HMGB1 in the wall of ruptured and unruptured human cerebral aneurysms. Human cerebral aneurysms (25 ruptured and 16 unruptured) were immunohistochemically stained for HMGB1. As controls, four specimens of the middle cerebral arteries obtained at autopsy were also immunostained. Immunofluorescence double staining was used to determine HMGB1 cellular distribution. HMGB1 was nearly undetectable in the controls. All aneurysm tissues stained positive for HMGB1 monoclonal antibody, and expression of HMGB1 was more abundant in ruptured aneurysm tissue than unruptured aneurysms (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression of HMGB1 had no correlation with aneurysm size and time resected after the rupture. HMGB1 nuclear immunoreactivity was co-localized with immunoreactivity of CD3 in T lymphocytes, CD20 in B lymphocytes, CD68 in macrophages, α-SMA in smooth muscle cells, and CD31 in endothelial cells. Cytoplasmic HMGB1 localization was also detected in macrophages and T lymphocytes. Taken together, HMGB1 is expressed in the wall of human cerebral aneurysms and is more abundant in ruptured aneurysms than in unruptured ones. These data indicate a possible role of HMGB1 in the pathophysiology of human cerebral aneurysms.     

波动性高血压与中膜板层变化的动物实验

目的　为了验证和完善关于波动性血压可引起主动脉中膜板层分离 ,从而导致Stan fordB型夹层动脉瘤的假说。方法　通过犬的动物模型设计 ,同时加大血压的波动性和应用悬吊法来加大应力对主动脉弓与主动脉降段交界处的作用。结果　在施加血流动力学应力作用影响后 ,主动脉弓与主动脉降段交界处中膜可较明显地形成 3个板层区。结论　用本实验方法 ,验证了波动性高血压可以造成主动脉弓与主动脉降段交界处中膜板层的分离破坏。在一定角度上解释了StanfordB型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤形成和发展趋势。     

乳管镜下浆细胞性乳管炎的分型及临床研究

目的探讨乳管内窥镜对诊断及治疗浆细胞性乳腺炎的临床价值。方法对250例乳头溢液患者行乳管内窥镜检查,对其中95例浆细胞性乳腺炎患者在乳管内窥镜下对乳管内病变的特点予以分析并加以分型研究。结果95例浆细胞性乳腺炎患者中,Ⅰ型患者21例(22．1％),Ⅱ型患者43例(45．3％),Ⅲ型患者18例(18．9％),Ⅳ型患者13例(13．7％)。非手术治疗83例,症状完全缓解45例,好转38例。手术治疗12例,均病理证实,其中5例伴有中、重度不典型增生。结论乳管内窥镜可以对浆细胞性乳腺炎患者做出明确的诊断,并可对病变乳管进行定位,提示手术指征,使绝大多数患者避免手术,对需要手术活检的患者可缩小手术范围,是临床上一种不可缺少的辅助诊断方法。     

肝脏恶性肿瘤682例手术治疗分析

目的　探讨影响肝脏恶性肿瘤患者手术治疗后长期生存的因素。方法　回顾性分析1989年 1月至 2 0 0 3年 1月施行外科手术治疗的 6 82例肝脏恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果　小肝癌 (直径 <5cm ,n =2 96 )患者术后 3年、5年生存率分别为 (6 1 2 5± 4 4 1) %和 (5 3 84± 5 6 8) % ,巨大肝癌 (直径 >10cm ,n =14 5 )患者术后 3年、5年生存率分别为 (45 90± 6 98) %和 (30 2 1±10 2 3) % ;肿瘤单发患者 (n =4 0 3)术后 3年、5年生存率分别为 (6 1 86± 3 6 9) %和 (5 5 4 0±4 91) % ,肿瘤多发 (2个或 2个以上 )患者 (n =2 4 6 )术后 3年、5年生存率分别为 (38 31± 4 97) %和(2 8 0 1± 6 31) % ;术前肝功能Child分期为Ⅰ期的患者 (n =397)术后 3年、5年生存率分别为 (6 0 6 8± 3 6 8) %和 (5 0 99± 5 10 ) % ,Ⅱ期或Ⅱ期以上的患者 (n =2 85 )术后 3年、5年生存率则为 (43 0 1±5 33) %和 (36 39± 7 5 8) % ;行局部或一段切除的患者 (n =2 98)术后 3年、5年生存率分别为 (6 8 6 5± 4 95 ) %和 (6 5 38± 5 6 9) % ,行两段或两段以上及半肝切除的患者 (n =32 4 )术后 3年、5年生存率分别为 (49 88± 4 13) %和 (37 98± 5 70 ) %。结论　小肝癌