人血浆高密度脂蛋白对大鼠内毒素血症的治疗及防护作用研究

目的:观察人血浆高密度脂蛋白(HDL)对大鼠内毒素血症的治疗和防护效果。方法:采用鲎试剂法和放射免疫分析法于3个时点动态测定对照组、治疗组和防护组大鼠血浆内毒素(ET)水平和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)浓度并观察血压及存活时间。结果:①输注ET后对照组大鼠血压进行性下降(P<0.01);治疗组大鼠输注HDL后其血压虽也降低但下降程度明显弱于对照组(P<0.01);防护组大鼠在输注ET后血压无明显下降(P>0.05)。治疗组及防护组大鼠存活时间均明显长于对照组(P<0.01)。②3组大鼠血浆ET水平在各时点均无明显变化(P>0.05)。③治疗组及防护组大鼠血浆TNFα水平于第3时点均明显降低(P>0.05)。结论:人血浆HDL能减轻或抑制内毒素血症大鼠血压下降并明显延长其存活时间,对内毒素血症具有良好的治疗和防护作用,此作用可能与其抑制TNF释放有关。     

西洋参茎叶皂甙对 CPHD病人外周淋巴细胞增强与调节作用

目的 :为了开发西洋参在临床医学方面的应用 ,提高CPHD病人的各项免疫指标。方法 :选择 4 0例CPHD病人 ,分成用药组 2 0例 ,对照组 (非用药组 ) 2 0例 ,通过流式细胞术检测病人外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群中各亚群所占的比例来反映机体的细胞免疫状态。结果 :通过两组临床研究观察 ,用药组疗效优于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。西洋参茎叶皂甙可直接作用于淋巴细胞分化成熟过程 ,具有增强和调节CPHD病人机体免疫功能的作用。结论 :合理应用西洋参茎叶茎叶皂甙对改善CPHD病人免疫功能低下和紊乱状态 ,具有重要临床意义。     

慢性乙肝患者血清趋化因子RANTES水平与肝功能生化指标等的相关性研究

Objective To investigate the level of the serum chemokine RANTES and its correlation with serum biochemical indices of liver function test, HBeAg and HBV DNA load in patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods 144 patients with chronic hepatitis B (observed group) and 18 normal cases (control group) were enrolled in this study. The serum level of chemokine RANTES was detected with an ABC-ELISA assay. Statistical analysis was performed on the software of SPSS13.0. Results The serum chemokine RANTES level in the observed group (3930.12 ng/ml±2856.96) ng/ml was significantly higher than that in the control group (329.46 ng/ml±152.23) ng/ml. The results from the observed group indicated the positive correlation of serum RANTES level with indices of liver function test, including ALT (r=0. 197, P=0.018), AST(r=0.239, P=0.004) and TBil (r=0.316, P=0.001), but did not with PTA (r=-0.078, P=0.357). Neither difference of serum chemokine RANTES level between HBeAg-positive group and HBeAg-negative group nor that between high HBV DNA load group (≥105 copies/ml) and low HBV DNA load group (< 105 copies/ml) were statistically significant (P=0.407 and 0.185, respectively). Conclusions Serum chemokine RANTES level in patients with chronic hepatitis B elevates significantly and is not affected by HBeAg or HBV DNA load. Its positive correlation with indices of liver function test indicates that RANTES might play an important rule in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B.     

双侧六指、趾畸形1例

在局部解剖的过程中,发现1例男性成人尸体标本双侧六指、趾(图1),其发育正常,尸长187cm.,第6小指、趾的皮肤、指(趾)甲完整,色泽正常,指(趾)骨形态结构正常。测量结果如下:     

Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B, C, D and E viruses among children in Moscow, Russia.

BACKGROUND: It is known that the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections vary according to geographical areas. However, in Russia, an adequate level of information on the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis viruses has not been available so far. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the characterization of various hepatitis viruses in Russia, we conducted molecular-based epidemiological survey of hepatitis viruses including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) among children in Moscow, Russia. STUDY DESIGN: The study population of 374 subjects (ranging in age from 1 to 14 years old) consisted of 195 patients with liver diseases and 179 patients without liver diseases. Viral DNA/RNA was determined by nested PCR. Genotyping of HBV and HCV were examined by PCR using type-specific primers. Anti-HEV antibody was assayed by ELISA. RESULTS: The infection rate of each virus among patients with liver diseases including acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis was 65.6% for HBV and 15.9% for HCV. In contrast, among non-liver disease patients, the infection rates were 14.4% for HBV and 0.6% for HCV, respectively. The most common viral genotypes were type D (85%) of HBV and type 1b (79.3%) of HCV. HDV RNA was detected in 7 of 149 (4.7%) HBV DNA-positive children tested. Moreover, testing for HEV among 341 subjects resulted in the detection of anti-HEV IgG in 62 cases (18.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that HBV infection is widespread in Moscow and have led to a high incidence of acute and chronic liver diseases among children in this region.     

术前碳水化合物对瘢痕切除术后胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的观察术前口服碳水化合物及静脉输注葡萄糖对术后胰岛素抵抗程度的影响.方法择期瘢痕切除术病人60例,随机分为对照组、口服组和静注组,每组20例.术前对照组常规禁食禁饮;口服组口服12.5%碳水化合物的饮料（CHO）;静注组持续静脉输注10%葡萄糖液.分别于口服或静注前、术后6 h采血,测定血糖、血清胰岛素以及红细胞胰岛素受体.结果处理前各组血糖、血清胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数及红细胞胰岛素高亲和力受体、低亲和力受体无明显差异;术后6 h口服组、静注组的血糖明显低于对照组,与处理前无显著差别;术后6 h各组血清胰岛素无显著差别,均显著高于处理前;胰岛素敏感指数、红细胞低亲和力受体三组均较处理前显著降低,但口服组、静注组明显高于对照组;术后6 h口服组、静注组红细胞高亲和力受体无明显降低;口服组与静注组间的血糖、胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数及红细胞胰岛素受体无明显差别.结论术前静脉输注葡萄糖可缓解术后胰岛素抵抗的程度,术前饮用碳水化合物具有同样的效果,是一种简单有效的治疗方法.     

低能量激光血管内照射治疗脑梗死的临床观察

目的:探讨采用低能量半导体激光血管内照射疗法(intravascular laser irradiation on blood,ILIB)治疗脑梗死的效果及机制.方法:随机选取80例脑梗死患者分为治疗组与对照组,两组各40例,两组患者接受同样的药物治疗,治疗组在上述治疗的基础上,于发病1 d～3 d内,加用半导体激光血管内照射治疗.采用国产半导体激光治疗仪,波长650nm,功率1.5mW～2.0mW.患者平卧,消毒后用静脉留置针穿刺上肢正中静脉或贵要静脉,成功后留置外套管,通过管脑导入激光剂,开启半导体激光治疗仪进行照射治疗.结果:治疗组有效率92.5%,与对照组差异有显著性意义(p＜0.01),治疗组患者临床症状和体征治疗后明显改善.结论:该疗法有调节脂质代谢,改善血液流变学性质,恢复神经传导功能等功效,进而提高脑梗死的治疗效果.     

帕金森病相关基因的模糊聚类分析

目的通过分析与帕金森病相关基因之间的相互关系，探讨遗传因素对帕金森病发病机制的影响，为帕金森病的预防及临床诊断和治疗提供可能的遗传学参考依据。方法分别对NCBI中Genbank数据库中的与帕金森病相关基因序列进行两两序列的局部比对分析。确定相关序列的度量关系，并采用模糊聚类的方法进行聚类分析。结果由模糊聚类的结果可知，当α=0．6时，共分为三类，其分别为：{x2，x12,x9，x17，x3，x7，x10,x13，x14,x18,x19}；{x5,x16，x1，x6}；{x4，x8，x11,x15}。结论由聚类分析的角度可推断：被聚为一类的基因其功能普遍具有相似性。     

机械牵张对大鼠心室肌蛋白激酶B磷酸化及心钠素分泌的影响

目的:研究机械牵张对大鼠心肌蛋白激酶B(Akt)活化和心钠素(ANF)分泌的影响。方法:采用Langendorff方法灌流大鼠心脏,膨胀球囊持续牵张左心室,从左心室游离心肌,提取胞浆蛋白,用Western blot检测磷酸化Akt、总Akt水平;收集冠脉流出液,用放射免疫分析法检测冠脉流出液中ANF含量。结果:持续牵张不影响灌流心脏的心率和冠脉流出量。但经过20min持续牵张,牵张组心脏灌流液中ANF含量(209.89±65.45pg/ml)较对照组(108.84±25.18pg/ml)明显增高(P<0.01);牵张组大鼠左心室心肌组织磷酸化Akt水平(0.76±0.03)明显高于对照组(0.32±0.02),而总Akt水平与对照组相比无显著性差异。结论:机械牵张可引起心脏心钠素的分泌增加,其机制可能与胞内Akt信号通路的激活有关。     

Reversible blockade of experience-dependent plasticity by calcineurin in mouse visual cortex

Numerous protein kinases have been implicated in visual cortex plasticity, but the role of serine/threonine protein phosphatases has not yet been established. Calcineurin, the only known Ca2+/calmodulin-activated protein phosphatase in the brain, has been identified as a molecular constraint on synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and on memory. Using transgenic mice overexpressing calcineurin inducibly in forebrain neurons, we now provide evidence that calcineurin is also involved in ocular dominance plasticity. A transient increase in calcineurin activity is found to prevent the shift of responsiveness in the visual cortex following monocular deprivation, and this effect is reversible. These results imply that the balance between protein kinases and phosphatases is critical for visual cortex plasticity.