Contribution of non-traditional lipid profiles to reduced glomerular filtration rate in H-type hypertension population of rural China

Background: Despite current interest in the unfavourable impact of non-traditional lipid profiles on cardiovascular disease, information regarding its relations to reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in H-type hypertension population has not been systemically elucidated.

Methods: Analyses were based upon a cross-sectional study of 3259 participants with H-type hypertension who underwent assessment of biochemical, anthropometric and blood pressure values. Reduced GFR was considered if meeting estimated GFR <60?ml/min/1.73 m².

Results: A stepwise multivariate regression analysis indicated that non-traditional lipid parameters remained as independent determinants of estimated GFR (all p?Conclusions: The relative independent contribution of non-traditional lipid profiles, as indexed by TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratios and non-HDL-C, towards reduced GFR putting research evidence at the very heart of lipoprotein-mediated renal injury set a vital example for applying a clinical and public health recommendation for reducing the burden of chronic kidney disease.

• KEY MESSAGES

• Non-traditional lipid profiles has been linked with the occurrence of cardiovascular disease, but none of the studies that address the effect of non-traditional lipid profiles on reduced GFR risk in H-type hypertension population has been specifically established.

• A greater emphasis of this study resided in the intrinsic value of TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratios and non-HDL-C that integrate atherogenic and anti-atherogenic lipid molecules to predict the risk of reduced GFR among H-type hypertension population and provide insight into the pathophysiology of subsequent cardio-cerebrovascular outcomes.

• In a large Chinese H-type hypertension adults, the relative independent contribution of non-traditional lipid profiles, as indexed by TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratios and non-HDL-C, towards reduced GFR putting research evidence at the very heart of lipoprotein-mediated renal injury set a vital example for applying a clinical and public health recommendation for reducing the burden of CKD.

     

Diabetes mellitus as an independent prognostic predictor and its association with renal dysfunction in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Background: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often have coexisting cirrhosis, which may predispose to the development of diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetic HCC patients may have renal insufficiency and a subsequent worse outcome. This study investigated the interaction between DM, cirrhosis and renal dysfunction and the impact of these factors on HCC. Methods: A prospective database of 1713 HCC patients was analysed. Results: A total of 392 (22.9%) patients were diabetic. Diabetic patients had a significantly higher Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) score, model for end‐stage liver disease score and serum creatinine level, but had significantly lower serum albumin, sodium, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and bilirubin levels. The serum creatinine level progressively increased and correlated well with increasing CTP class in both diabetic and non‐diabetic patients. After a mean follow‐up of 18 ± 16 months, DM was shown to be an independent predictor of mortality in the Cox proportional hazard model after adjusting for other predictors [hazard ratio (HR): 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–1.42]. Diabetic patients more often had renal insufficiency, defined as serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dl (17.3 vs 8.3%, P<0.0001). Renal insufficiency was an independent prognostic predictor in diabetic patients (HR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.57–3.24) but not in non‐diabetic patients, because it was significantly associated with the severity of cirrhosis in the non‐diabetic group (P<0.001) but not in the diabetic group (P=0.143). Conclusions: DM is associated with inadequate liver reserve and independently predicts decreased survival in HCC patients. Both advanced cirrhosis and DM are associated with renal insufficiency, which is a poor prognostic predictor for HCC.     

膀胱扩张术联合药物治疗间质性膀胱炎患者的护理

对19例间质性膀胱炎患者行膀胱扩张术和口服阿米替林和/或二甲基亚砜膀胱灌注治疗。结果 19例患者均完成治疗,17例症状明显缓解,20例改用辣椒辣素类似物(RTX)膀胱灌注后症状缓解。患者平均尿量显著增加,24 h排尿次数、夜尿次数显著减少,VAS评分显著降低,总尿量则无明显改变。提出术前做好症状量化评估和解释工作,术后严密观察导尿管引流,做好用药护理、预防感染、心理支持及健康教育,出院做好心理疏导,妥善安排膀胱灌注及随访时间是良好效果的保证。     

消化道重复癌2例分析

重复癌是指患者的单个或多个器官,同时或先后发生的2个或2个以上的原发性恶性肿瘤,临床上较少见。本文通过对2例重复癌的分析,旨在提高我们临床医师对重复癌的认识,及时作出正确的诊断。     

植入5-Fu缓释粒子治疗中晚期食管贲门癌癌性狭窄20例

对20例中晚期食管贲门癌患者在内镜下局部注射5-Fu缓释粒子,每周1次,2周为1个疗程,观察治疗前后肿瘤大小变化及狭窄程度缓解情况。结果显示癌肿有不同程度缩小,狭窄程度减轻,无明显毒副作用。内镜下植入5-Fu缓释化疗粒子,对于身体耐受力差或不愿手术治疗的中晚期食管贲门癌患者的癌性狭窄,是一种有效、毒副作用少、耐受性好的姑息治疗方法。     

口服可口可乐治疗多发胃柿石1例及文献复习

采用口服可口可乐的方法成功治疗多发胃柿石1例.根据本例报道及以往相关文献,可认为可口可乐治疗胃石是一种安全、便捷、有效、花费低廉的治疗方案.     

Diagnostic Value of Procalcitonin for Bacterial Infection in Elderly Patients in the Emergency Department

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of procalcitonin (PCT) in elderly patients with bacterial infection in the emergency department (ED). DESIGN: Prospective. SETTING: ED of a tertiary care hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Elderly patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) enrolled from September 2004 through August 2005. MEASUREMENTS: A serum sample for the measurement of PCT, two sets of blood cultures, and other cultures of relevant specimens from infection sites were collected in the ED. Two independent experts blinded to the PCT results classified the patients into bacterial infection and nonbacterial infection groups. RESULTS: Of the 262 patients with SIRS enrolled, 204 were classified as having bacterial infection and 48 as having bacteremia. PCT levels were significantly higher in patients with bacteremia than in those without. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for identification of bacteremia according to PCT was 0.817 for the old‐old group (≥75), significantly higher than 0.639 for the young‐old group (65–74); P=.02). The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of PCT for bacteremia in patients aged 75 and older were 96.0%, 68.3%, 33.8%, and 98.8%, respectively, with a PCT cutoff value of 0.38 ng/mL. CONCLUSION: PCT is sensitive for diagnosing bacteremia in elderly patients with SIRS at ED admission but is helpful in excluding bacteremia only in those aged 75 and older. PCT is not an independent predictor of local infections in these patients.     

Rapid decrease of intracellular pH associated with inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger precedes apoptotic events in the MNK45 and MNK74 gastric cancer cell lines treated with 2-aminophenoxazine-3-one

The effects of Phx-3 on changes in intracellular pH (pHi) in the MKN45 and MKN74 human gastric cancer cell lines were evaluated in order to determine the mechanism for the proapoptotic effects of 2-aminophenoxazine-3-one (Phx-3) on these cells. Phx-3 (100 μM) reduced pHi in MKN45 from 7.45 to 5.8, and in MKN74 from 7.5 to 6.2 within 1 min of engagement with these cells. Such a decrease of pHi was closely correlated with the dose of this phenoxazine and continued for 4 h. The activity of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform l (NHE1), which is involved in H+ extrusion from the cells, was dose-dependently suppressed by Phx-3 in these cells, and was greatly suppressed in the presence of 100 μM Phx-3. This result indicates that the decrease of pHi in MKN45 and MKN74 cells is closely associated with the inhibition of NHE1 in these cells. The morphology of these cells at 24 h after treatment with Phx-3 indicated shrinkage of the cells and condensation of the nuclear chromatin structure, which are characteristic of the apoptotic events in these gastric cancer cells. Cytotoxicity of Phx-3 against MKN45 and MKN74 cells was extensive because almost all MKN45 cells lost viability at 24 h in the presence of 20 μM Phx-3, and nearly 50% of the MKN74 cells lost viability in the presence of 50 μM Phx-3. These results suggest that rapid and extensive decrease of pHi in human gastric cancer MKN45 and MKN74 cells caused by Phx-3 might disturb intracellular homeostasis, leading to apoptotic and cytotoxic events in these cells. Phx-3 is a good candidate for therapeutics of gastric cancer that is intractable to conventional chemopreventive therapies.     

Intraarticular gene transfer of thrombospondin‐1 suppresses the disease progression of experimental osteoarthritis

In osteoarthritis, angiogenesis, which occurs in the osteochondral junction and synovium, may accelerate inflammation and contribute to the severity of the disease. We used anterior cruciate ligament‐transection (ACLT) to investigate the therapeutic effect of an angiogenesis inhibitor, thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1), in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis was induced in Wistar rats in the knee of one hind leg. After ACLT, AdTSP‐1 (adenoviral vector encoding mouse TSP‐1) was intraarticularly injected into the knee joints. Transgene expression, angiogenesis, and inflammatory responses in the knee joints were examined. They were also assessed morphologically, radiographically, and histologically for manifestations of disease. The levels of TSP‐1 peaked on day 3 and were substantially maintained for at least 9 days after AdTSP‐1 infection. Adenovirus‐mediated gene expression was detected in the synovial membrane and chondrocytes. TSP‐1 gene transfer induced transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) production, but it reduced microvessel density, macrophage infiltration, and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) levels. Gross morphological and histopathological examinations revealed that rats treated with AdTSP‐1 had less severe osteoarthritis than controls. In vivo adenovirus‐mediated TSP‐1 gene transfer significantly reduced microvessel density, inflammation, and suppressed the progression of osteoarthritis. This study provides potential applications of TSP‐1 gene delivery for treating osteoarthritis. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1300–1306, 2010