骨髓来源细胞移植对实验性肾小球肾炎小鼠的作用

目的：利用骨髓移植的方法观察骨髓来源细胞在小鼠实验性肾小球肾炎中的作用。方法：以绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）标记的C57BL／6转基因小鼠为供体,同种无标记小鼠为受体鼠,受体鼠在接受供体骨髓细胞前经亚致死剂量^60Co照射。并于移植5周后以尾静脉注射的方式接受竹叶青蛇毒注射;蛇毒注射后7、14、28、56d利用免疫组织化学和免疫荧光双重染色方法观察受体鼠肾脏内的GFP阳性细胞及受体鼠肾脏病理变化,其中一组受体鼠在蛇毒注射后接受连续1周的粒巨系一集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）腹腔注射,观察GM-CSF对骨髓来源细胞及受体鼠的影响。结果：无论有无蛇毒损伤,荧光显微镜下受体鼠肾脏内均未见明亮的绿色荧光。GFP免疫组织化学可见所有受体鼠的肾小管上皮内均有少量细胞质棕褐色、细胞核大且紫蓝的GFP阳性细胞,包括那些骨髓移植后无蛇毒损伤的受体鼠;肾小球内也可见上述细胞,但在无蛇毒损伤的受体鼠内肾小球内未见上述细胞;激光共聚焦显微镜未见到明显双染色阳性的细胞,从形态上证实肾小球内的这些GFP阳性细胞大多为血细胞。那些接受GM-CSF注射的受体鼠肾脏内,GFP阳性细胞没有明显增加,而且肾脏损伤恶化,表现为蛇毒注射后1周出现了明显的局灶性节段性肾小球硬化。结论：骨髓来源细胞在蛇毒诱导的系膜增生型肾小球肾炎小鼠肾脏内向肾小管和肾小球细胞均可少量转化,但由于转化率低及肾小球结构的复杂性,向肾小球细胞的转化更加不易被识别;GM-CSF注射未能增加外源性骨髓细胞向肾脏实质细胞的转化而使受体鼠肾脏损伤恶化,于病程早期出现了局灶性节段性肾小球硬化。     

尺骨冠状突骨折治疗体会

尺骨冠状突是尺骨半月关节面前端的骨突,为肱肌副附着点.可阻止尺骨向后脱位,防止肘关节过度屈曲,对维护肘关节的稳定性起重要作用[1].当高处坠落或摔倒时,肘关节过伸,暴力沿尺骨向上传导,冠状突与肱骨滑车相撞而骨折.此外,肱肌急剧收缩亦可造成冠状突骨折.成人口J伴肘关节脱位,青少年可伴尺骨鹰嘴、桡骨小头及髁部骨折,这些并发骨折亦应相应处理,选择适宜治疗方法.     

卡介苗、丝裂霉素C交替膀胱灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发

目的探讨卡介苗、丝裂霉素C交替膀胱内灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的疗效。方法回顾性总结分析32例浅表性膀胱癌患者的临床资料,术后应用卡介苗（BCG）120mg、丝裂霉素C（MMC）40mg交替膀胱灌注,每周1次共8次,再每月1次,持续10个月。结果随访12～36个月,32例患者中2例复发（6．3％）,所有患者均能耐受上述治疗,2例应用BCG后出现轻度膀胱刺激症状,另有2例镜下血尿。结论BCG、MMC交替膀胱内灌注,预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发效果满意,患者耐受性好、毒副作用轻,临床应用安全可靠。     

螺旋CT和彩色多普勒血流显像检查对胰腺癌可切除性的评估价值

Objective To determine the value of helical computed tomography (HCT) and color doppler flowing imaging (CDPI) in evaluating the resectability of pancreatic cancer. Methods The clinical data of 114 patients with pancreatic cancer who had been admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from January 1995 to December 2002 were retrospectively analyzed. The values of HCT and CDPI in assessing the resectability of pancreatic cancer were determined according to the results of operation and pathological examina-tion. All the data were analyzed by chi-square test and Fisher exact probability. Results Of all patients, 109 were examined by HCT, 97 by CDPI and 96 by HCT+CDPI. For patients examined by HCT, the resection rates of pancreatic head cancer, pancreatic body and tail cancer and total pancreatic cancer were 45.3% (39/86), 26.3% (5/19) and 0 (0/9), respectively. The resection rate of pancreatic head cancer was higher than that of pancreatic body and tail cancer (χ2=8.965, P<0.05). With the increase of tumor size, the invasion rate and metastasis rate were increased and the resection rate was decreased (z=6.15, 5.35, 7.18, P<0.01). The sensitivity rate and specificity rate were 77.8% and 82.2% of HCT, 73.3% and 80.6% of CDPI, 90.6% and 92.4% of HCT+CDPI in assessing the resectability of pancreatic cancer. The values of Kappa identity test of HCT, CDPI and HCT+CDPI were 0.58, 0.52 and 0.82, respectively. Conclusions Combined application of HCT and CDPI can further improve the accuracy in assessing the resectability of pancreatic cancer.     

The influence of ureteral stent on renal pelvic pressure in vivo

The objective of this study was to explore the influence of ureteral stent on renal pelvic pressure by urodynamic study. 41 patients (with unilateral renal and/or ureteral calculi) after minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) were placed a 4.7-Fr ureteral stent and 16-Fr nephrostomy tube. Renal pelvic pressure of these patients was measured by urodynamic study at the 5–7 days after MPCNL. Renal pelvic pressure (RPP), intraabdominal pressure (IAP), and vesical pressure (VP) during the filling and voiding phases were detected by urodynamic study with intravesical perfusion. At the baseline, intraabdominal pressure (IAP₀) was 27.52 ± 7.03 cmH₂O, renal pelvic pressure (RPP₀) was 33.07 ± 7.04 cmH₂O; at the maximum cystometric bladder capacity (MCBC) during the filling phase, vesical pressure (VP_vol) was 41.61 ± 10.34 cmH₂O, renal pelvic pressure (RPP_vol) was 39.44 ± 7.33 cmH₂O; at the maximum vesical pressure during the voiding phase, vesical pressure (VP_max) was 74.95 ± 12.79 cmH₂O, renal pelvic pressure (RPP_max) was 65.68 ± 17.03 cmH₂O. (1) There was a strong relationship between RPP₀ and IAP₀ (P = 0.0001); (2) There was statistical significance among RPP₀, RPP_vol and RPP_max (P = 0.0001); (3) RPP was higher than 40 cmH₂O during the voiding phase, and it was obviously relevant to the VP (P = 0.0001) but not to the MCBC (P = 0.2696). RPP increased mildly during the filling phase and dramatically during the voiding phase after stenting. RPP increased higher than the level required for a backflow (40 cmH₂O) during the voiding phase. So it was encouraged to remove the stent at earlier stage or decrease using the ureteral stent if possible.     

正常人上颌骨的生物力学分析

目的建立正常人颅颌面骨三维有限元模型,并对上颌骨进行生物力学分析。方法对正常男性行螺旋CT扫描,应用数字影像传输以及MedGraphics和ANSYS8.0软件建立颅颌面骨三维有限元模型,模拟正常咬力来观察上颌骨的应力分布和位移。结果建立了正常人颅颌面骨三维有限元模型,包括273191个单元和260988个节点。加载后上颌骨表现为压应力,应力集中于尖牙区、第一磨牙上方和蝶骨翼突区,在颧牙槽嵴和尖牙区应力较大,前鼻棘和牙槽突可能发生的位移最大。结论正常人上颌骨三维有限元模型的生物力学分析结果与临床一致,为口腔颌面部肿瘤患者术后上颌骨重建提供了理论依据。     

Growth factor therapy in patients with partial‐thickness burns: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Growth factor (GF) therapy has shown promise in treating a variety of refractory wounds. However, evidence supporting its routine use in burn injury remains uncertain. We performed this systematic review and meta‐analysis assessing randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate efficacy and safety of GFs in the management of partial‐thickness burns. Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed and the Cochrane databases. Endpoint results analysed included wound healing and scar formation. Thirteen studies comprising a total of 1924 participants with 2130 wounds (1131 GF receiving patients versus 999 controls) were identified and included, evaluating the effect of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) on partial‐thickness burns. Topical application of these agents significantly reduced healing time by 5·02 (95% confidence interval, 2·62 to 7·42), 3·12 (95% CI, 1·11 to 5·13) and 5·1 (95% CI, 4·02 to 6·18) days, respectively, compared with standard wound care alone. In addition, scar improvement following therapy with FGF and EGF was evident in terms of pigmentation, pliability, height and vascularity. No significant increase in adverse events was observed in patients receiving GFs. These results suggested that GF therapy could be an effective and safe add‐on to standard wound care for partial‐thickness burns. High‐quality, adequately powered trials are needed to further confirm the conclusion.     

Sex Effect on Obesity Indices and Metabolic Outcomes in Patients with Obese Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Type 2 Diabetes After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: a Preliminary Study

Background

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is an effective therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, little attention has been paid to the treatment goals systematically stratified by sex. The objective of this study was to assess how sex differences affect obesity indices and metabolic outcomes after RYGB surgery.

Methods

A sleep questionnaire was conducted and medical histories were taken. Full-night polysomnography (PSG), anthropometric variables, and blood samples were collected.

Results

Thirty-five consecutive patients with OSA who underwent laparoscopic RYGB surgery were prospectively examined for at least 6 months were included in the study. Significant improvements (p?<?0.01) in sleep parameters (except for micro-arousal), obesity indices, and metabolic outcomes [except low-density lipoprotein in men and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in women] were obtained in men and women with OSA. Men had higher baseline triglyceride (TG) (p?<?0.01) and lower HDL levels (p?<?0.01) but a larger neck circumference (NC) (p?=?0.03) at follow-up than did women. However, only TG in men improved more than in women (p?=?0.02).

Conclusions

Sleep parameters, obesity indices, and metabolic outcomes after RYGB surgery were of similar magnitude in women and men with OSA. Alleviating sleep and obesity problems was correlated with metabolic outcomes in men and women.

     

30例女性急性盆腔炎患者的临床分析

目的探讨女性急性盆腔炎患者的临床表现、诊断和治疗方法。 方法收集北京华信医院2015年1月1日～2016年2月1日收治的30例女性急性盆腔炎患者的临床资料并进行回顾性分析。 结果女性急性盆腔炎疾病的临床症状复杂多样,检验和检查结果的假阴性率高,导致存在一定的误诊和漏诊。超声检查诊断准确率为53%,误诊率为47%。30例患者均痊愈出院,其中14例患者单纯经联合应用抗菌药物加中药治疗,16例患者经药物治疗效果不佳,补充手术治疗,痊愈率为100%。 结论盆腔炎诊断应综合分析和判断,采取中西医结合治疗方法,标本兼治,治疗效果好。