标准化病人教学视频联合PCMC教学模式在感染科的应用

目的探讨标准化病人教学视频联合问题导向临床医学教学模式(PCMC)在感染科护理教学中的应用。方法于2018年9月—2019年1月将学校2017级42~47六个班级共计60名学生作为研究对象,42~44班为观察组(n=30),45~47班为对照组(n=30)。对照组采用标准化病人教学视频教学,观察组在上述教学模式基础上增加使用PCMC教学模式,比较两组最终考核成绩及教学满意度。结果观察组理论知识考核成绩及专业技能考核成绩均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组教学满意度比对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论标准化病人教学视频联合PCMC教学模式可显著提高感染科学生理论知识及专业技能成绩,提升教学满意度。     

颈胸交界区淋巴结肿瘤病变MDCT表现特征及其解剖、病理学基础

为了明确颈胸交界区淋巴源性肿瘤病变的MDCT影像表现特点、解剖及病理学基础,回顾性收集经病理证实的下颈部和上胸部的淋巴源性肿瘤病变69例(其中淋巴瘤41例,转移瘤28例),分析病变的MDCT表现特点及分布规律,阐明影像学表现与解剖、病理学的相关性。发现淋巴瘤41例中,病灶主要分布于颈外侧浅部21例(51.2%),颈深静脉链区27例(65.9%),锁骨上区31例(75.6%),上纵隔气管旁19例(46.3%),主动脉弓旁23例(56.1%),主肺动脉窗22例(53.7%),前上纵隔17例(41.5%),隆突下11例(26.8%),上纵隔食管旁7例(17.1%);淋巴结转移瘤28例,原发肿瘤为鼻咽癌5例、甲状腺癌7例、肺癌10例和食管癌6例,大多数循淋巴回流方向逐级转移,少部分跳跃式转移,主要分布于颈静脉链周围区23例(82.1%),锁骨上窝区21例(75%),上纵隔气管旁17例(60.7%),前上纵隔18例(64.3%),主动脉弓旁10例(35.7%),肺动脉窗11例(39.2%),上纵隔食管旁8例(28.6%)。因此,颈胸交界区域淋巴源性肿瘤病变可同时累及下颈部和上胸部,其影像学表现及优势解剖分布与其解剖、病理特点密切相关。     

Clinical predictors of readmission after surgery for Hirschsprung disease

The reasons for readmission of children with Hirschsprung disease (HD) are multiple. The study aims to predict the relevant factors for the readmission of children with HD by collecting and analyzing the relevant data of the child''s admission to the hospital at the time of surgery.A retrospective review was performed including all patients with surgical treatment of HD at our institution between the years of 2011 to 2020. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed to obtain the independent risk factor for this study. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were used to assess the performance of derived models.A total of 162 patients were identified. The average presurgery weights were 6.93 ± 1.78 kg in the readmission group and 8.38 ± 3.17 kg in the non-readmission group. Six children were classified as a low-weight in the readmission group, and 11 children classified as low-weight in the non-readmission group. The length of the intestinal tube after resection was 25.25 ± 15.21 cm in the readmission group, and 16.23 ± 4.10 cm in the non-readmission group. The ROC for the prediction model of readmission after HD surgery (AUC = 0.811).In children undergoing the HD surgery, we showed preoperative low body weight and long intra-operative bowel resection significantly increase the probability of readmission due to complications.     

PPARs信号通路参与肠道菌群和棕色脂肪组织的代谢调控肥胖

背景:肠道菌群与棕色脂肪组织之间存在着复杂的调控机制和广泛联系,但是目前机制尚未阐明。目的:揭示棕色脂肪组织与肠道菌群间的潜在关系,为接下来的研究提供实验思路。方法:由第一作者应用计算机以“brown adipose tissue,intestinal flora,obesity,peroxisome proliferator activated receptor family”为英文检索词,以“棕色脂肪组织,肠道菌群,肥胖,过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体家族”为中文检索词在PubMed、万方、维普、知网数据库中检索1994-01-01/2020-06-01的相关文献,并对文献的相关内容进一步筛选、归纳分析与总结,最终纳入38篇相关文献进行综述。结果与结论:①肠道菌群失调会影响过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors,PPARs),PPARs又可以影响棕色脂肪组织的代谢进而调控肥胖;PPARα、PPARβ和PPARγ都与脂肪代谢有关,可以被相应的激活剂激活促进棕色脂肪组织的表达,其中PPARγ在肠道菌群和棕色脂肪组织中的联系最为密切,肠道菌群代谢的变化可以上调PPARγ的表达,从而激活棕色脂肪组织达到减肥的目的;②调节肠道菌群与棕色脂肪组织的关系可以治疗肥胖症;③从棕色脂肪组织、PPARs信号通路两者中研究抵抗肥胖的相关药物前景可观。