Culture-Proven Candida Albicans Endogenous Endophthalmitis in a Patient with Onychomycosis

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To report a case of Candida albicans endogenous endophthalmitis in an immunocompetent patient with onychomycosis.

Methods: Retrospective case report.

Results: A 40-year-old man with onychomycosis presented with C. albicans subretinal abscess in the left eye. Systemic and intravitreal injections did not prevent further progression of the infection. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy. One month after surgery, the intraocular inflammation gradually subsided. However, his visual acuity stayed at counting fingers as a result of macular scarring.

Conclusion: The aim of this case presentation is to emphasize that endogenous fungal endophthalmitis can be seen in an immunocompetent patient. The use of systemic steroids in the past was the main reason for the progression of the disease in this case. In these situations, when the clinical findings suggest a fungal etiology, it should keep in mind that endogenous candida endophthalmitis can be a result of fungal infections from distant sites such as the toenails and systemic steroids should not be started before definite diagnosis.     

A small molecule LS-1-2F promotes the endocytosis of macromolecules into tumor cells

In the previous research, we found that anticancer agent LS-1-2F could cause the vacuolation of tumor cells. Herein we investigated the effect of compound LS-1-2F on the endocytosis of macromolecules, including fluorescence quantum dots, human serum albumin, single-stranded RNA, and monoclonal antibody, into tumor cells. We found that LS-1-2F could accelerate the endocytosis of these large molecules by laser confocal microscope and flow cytometry. The effect of LS-1-2F on the improvement of the internalization efficiency of Herceptin biosimilar was particularly significant. Promoting endocytosis will help increase the efficiency of liquid-phase drug uptake in drug-resistant cancer cells and could potentially facilitate the use of drugs in nanoparticle delivery vehicles.     

无创产前检测联合孕妇血清可溶性转铁蛋白受体、生长分化因子-15、红细胞体积分布宽度变异系数检测对胎儿β-地中海贫血的诊断价值研究

目的探讨无创产前检测(NIPT)联合孕妇血清可溶性转铁蛋白受体(sTfR)、生长分化因子(GDF)-15、红细胞体积分布宽度变异系数(RDW-CV)检测，对胎儿β-地中海贫血的诊断价值。 方法选择2017年1月至2018年6月，于自贡市妇幼保健院接受羊膜腔穿刺术确诊胎儿为β-地中海贫血的120例孕妇为研究对象。根据其妊娠胎儿的β-地中海贫血轻、中、重型，将其分别纳入轻型组(n＝48)、中型组(n＝40)与重型组(n＝32)。选取同期于本院建卡进行常规产前检查，并且妊娠胎儿发育正常的100例健康孕妇作为对照，纳入对照组。采集4组孕妇空腹肘静脉血，提取孕妇外周血浆中胎儿细胞外游离DNA(cfDNA)，采用2次PCR方法扩增后，采用反向斑点杂交方法检测胎儿β-地中海贫血基因。采用酶联免疫吸附测定法，测定4组孕妇血清sTfR、GDF-15、RDW-CV水平。对4组孕妇血清sTfR、GDF-15与RDW-CV水平分别总体比较，采用单因素方差分析，进一步两两比较，采用最小显著性差异(LSD)-t检验。与胎儿β-地中海贫血诊断"金标准"比较，计算NIPT联合孕妇血清sTfR、GDF-15、RDW-CV水平及这4项指标单独检测，对于胎儿β-地中海贫血诊断的敏感度、特异度、粗符合率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。本研究严格按照2013年修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求进行。4组孕妇年龄及其妊娠胎儿的胎龄等一般临床资料比较，差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结果①夫妻双方β-地中海贫血基因型相同的40例孕妇中，NIPT与羊膜腔穿刺术对于胎儿β-地中海贫血诊断的符合率为90.0%(36/40)；夫妻双方β-地中海贫血基因型不同的80例孕妇中，上述2种方法对于胎儿β-地中海贫血诊断的符合率亦为90. 0%(72/80)。②4组孕妇血清sTfR、GDF-15、RDW-CV水平分别总体比较，差异均有统计学意义(F＝2 283.445、323.181、45.900，P均<0.001)，进一步两两比较，任意2组孕妇血清sTfR、GDF-15、RDW-CV水平比较，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)，并且孕妇血清sTfR、GDF-15、RDW-CV水平随着β-地中海贫血胎儿严重程度增加而逐渐升高。③NIPT联合孕妇血清sTfR、GDF-15、RDW-CV水平检测，对于胎儿β-地中海贫血诊断的敏感度、特异度、粗符合率、阳性预测值与阴性预测值，分别为86.7%、88.0%、87.3%、86.7%与84.6%，其特异度与阳性预测值，均显著高于单独检测孕妇血清sTfR、GDF-15、RDW-CV水平，并且差异均有统计学意义(与孕妇血清sTfR水平比较：χ²＝8.866、5.301，P＝0.003、0.021；与孕妇血清GDF-15水平比较：χ²＝9.765、5.929，P＝0.002、0.015；与孕妇血清RDW-CV水平比较：χ²＝7.167、4.327，P＝0.007、0.038)。 结论孕妇血清sTfR、GDF-15、RDW-CV可能成为诊断胎儿β-地中海贫血的生物标志物，NIPT联合这3项指标检测，可提高诊断胎儿β-地中海贫血的特异度与阳性预测值。由于本研究纳入样本量相对较小，NIPT联合孕妇血清sTfR、GDF-15、RDW-CV水平，对胎儿β-地中海贫血的诊断价值，仍然有待进一步研究、证实。     

双胎贫血-红细胞增多序列征分析及文献复习

目的探讨双胎贫血-红细胞增多序列征(TAPS)的临床特点，并进行文献复习。 方法选择2016年5月，四川大学华西第二医院新生儿科收治的单绒毛膜双羊膜囊(MCDA) TAPS新生儿(新生儿1、2)为研究对象。采用回顾性分析方法，收集本对TAPS新生儿的临床病例资料，对其临床特点进行分析。本研究对TAPS文献进行复习时，设定检索策略为：以"双胎贫血红-细胞增多序列征"为关键词，在中国知网、维普中文科技期刊数据库、万方数据知识服务平台中，检索TAPS相关文献，检索时间设定为各数据库建库至2018年8月31日。总结TAPS的临床特点及其诊断、治疗与预后。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。 结果①对本对TAPS新生儿母亲的临床资料采集如下：29岁，自然受孕，G₁P₀，孕龄为11^＋6孕周时，于本院建卡进行定期产前检查，乙型肝炎病毒携带病史20^＋年(接受定期随访)；孕龄为16^＋5孕周时，超声检查提示MCDA双活胎。于孕龄为36^＋4孕周时发现重度妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症，予以地塞米松促胎肺成熟、保肝及降胆汁酸等治疗1 d后，经剖宫产术分娩一对活男婴。②对本对TAPS新生儿的临床资料采集如下：均为男性，出生胎龄为36^＋5周。其中，新生儿1：出生体重为2 420 g，生后1、5、10 min Apgar评分均为10分，生后1 h＋58 min转入本院新生儿科，全身皮肤红紫，胃管内反复抽出咖啡色胃液，穿刺部位、脐带残端可见渗血。转入本院新生儿科时，血红蛋白(Hb)值为278 g/L，血细胞比容为78.4%，网织红细胞百分比为3.0%，诊断为红细胞增多症等。新生儿2：出生体重为1 870 g，生后1、5、10 min Apgar评分均为10分，生后34 min转入本院新生儿科，全身皮肤苍白、反应差，竖颈差，四肢肌张力减低，原始反射减弱，转入本院新生儿科时，Hb值为63 g/L，血细胞比容为21.2%，网织红细胞百分比为39.7%，诊断为重度新生儿贫血等。新生儿1、2的Hb差值为215 g/L，并且新生儿2与新生儿1网织红细胞百分比的比值为13.2，确诊为TAPS双胎新生儿。新生儿1、2均合并多系统并发症，分别予以部分换血、输血治疗后好转出院，生后随访1年，生长发育均正常。③文献复习结果：按照本研究设定的文献检索策略，共计检索出7篇报道TAPS研究的文献，涉及25对(50例)TAPS新生儿/胎儿的临床特点、诊治及预后等方面研究。其中，受血儿均表现为多血貌，供血儿均表现为贫血貌。50例TAPS新生儿/胎儿的治疗结局为：37例(74.0%)好转出院，1例(2.0%)纳入原始研究时尚未娩出，9例(18.0%)死亡，2例(4.0%)因严重并发症放弃治疗后结局不详，1例(2.0%)新生儿因气腹征转院接受进一步治疗后失访。在37例好转出院的TAPS新生儿中，4例(10.8%)合并低白蛋白血症，4例(10.8%)合并神经系统损害，22例(59.5%)合并心血管系统并发症，14例(37.8%)合并呼吸系统并发症，14例(37.8%)合并新生儿黄疸；对其均缺乏长期随访，长期预后均不详。 结论国内报道的TAPS多于生后才被确诊，新生儿临床特点主要为MCDA新生儿的生后Hb差值大(>80 g/L)，而羊水量差异不明显，可合并多系统并发症，其长期预后目前尚不明确。对MCDA新生儿的大脑中动脉峰值流速(MCA-PSV)测定与胎盘超声检查，可协助临床于产前尽早诊断TAPS。     

肠旋转不良型左侧阑尾炎腹腔镜切除一例

正患者女,40岁,身高160 cm,体质量52 kg,因2 d前无明显诱因出现左下腹部持续性绞痛,于2018年10月19日急诊入院,体温37.7℃,脉搏112次/分,伴稍恶心,无呕吐、放射痛、发热,无腹泻、血便,无尿频、尿痛等症状。1 d前曾在当地社区医院以"急性肠炎"给予抗感染、解痉等治疗,自觉症状有所缓解,次日午间症状再次加重。查体:左下腹压痛(+)、反跳痛(+),局部腹肌紧张明显。行腹部CT平扫检查示:结肠走行反位,右半结肠位于左上腹,阑尾增粗伴周围渗出,周围间隙模糊,阑尾最粗约1.7 cm,临近盲肠壁稍增厚;胃腔大部分位于右侧,十二指肠垂直下行,可见Ladd束带;肝脏体积明显增大;脾脏受推挤,位于左侧肾上腺前方(图1～3)。诊     

高危原发前列腺胃肠道外间质瘤诊疗体会及文献复习

目的探讨前列腺原发胃肠道外间质瘤诊治要点。 方法回顾性分析我院2017年9月诊治的1例高危原发性前列腺胃肠道外间质瘤临床病理特征资料、随访情况，总结现有文献讨论总结本病诊治心得。 结果65岁男性，因"前列腺电切术后2年，反复血尿3个月余"入院。术前MRI考虑为来源不清的盆腔巨大实性占位（115 mm×105 mm×85 mm），经直肠穿刺诊断为梭形细胞来源的肿瘤。行盆腔肿瘤切除+膀胱前列腺腺切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术+Bricker术。术后病理提示为前列腺原发胃肠道外间质瘤[CD117（+）；Dog1（+）；CD34（+）；PSA（+）；AR（+）；P504s（+）；Ki-67（2%）]。术后肿瘤组织全外显子测序提示为C-Kit基因（Exon 11 p.Q556-V560del）存在明显临床意义突变，筛选靶向药物甲磺酸伊马替尼+比卡鲁胺（PSA平稳后停用）口服，术后随访18个月无肿瘤复发及不良并发症。 结论前列腺原发胃肠道外间质瘤罕见，需与前列腺其他良恶性肿瘤相鉴别诊断。全外显子测序了解其发病高危基因，同时筛选药物辅助治疗可使患者生存获益。     

Retracted: Icariin inhibits proliferation,migration, and invasion of medulloblastoma DAOY cells by regulation of SPARC

Icariin (ICA) is obtained from Epimedium brevicornu maxim and exploited to remedy miscellaneous cancers. But the role of ICA in medulloblastoma remains hazy. The research delved into the antitumor activity of ICA in medulloblastoma DAOY cells. ICA with diverse concentrations was utilized to stimulate DAOY cells, and the biological functions of ICA in medulloblastoma DAOY cells were examined. Then, the relative SPARC expression was determined in ICA‐managed DAOY cells, and the pc‐SPARC vector was transfected into DAOY cells to further probe the influence of SPARC and JAK1/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT pathways in ICA‐managed DAOY cells. A xenograft model was established to investigate the function of ICA in vivo. ICA restrained cell viability, expedited apoptosis, prohibited cell migration and invasion, and meanwhile affected the associative factors expression in DAOY cells. Additionally, SPARC expression was declined in ICA‐stimulated DAOY cells. Overexpressed SPARC reversed the functions of ICA in above‐involved cell behaviors of DAYO cells and the correlative protein levels. Besides, ICA notably frustrated JAK1/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT activations in DAOY cells. Beyond that, ICA prohibited tumor formation in vivo. The results concluded that ICA exhibited the antitumor activity in DAOY cells via decreasing SPARC and inactivating JAK1/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT pathways.     

Exercise training‐induced visceral fat loss in obese women: The role of training intensity and modality

Visceral fat loss in response to four‐cycle ergometer training regimens with explicit differences in exercise intensity and modality was compared. Fifty‐nine obese young women (body fat percentage ≥ 30%) were randomized to a 12‐week intervention consisting of either all‐out sprint interval training (SIT_all‐out, n = 11); supramaximal SIT (SIT₁₂₀, 120% O_2peak, n = 12); high‐intensity interval training (HIIT₉₀, 90% O_2peak, n = 12), moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT, 60% O_2peak, n = 11), or no training (CON, n = 13). The total work done per training session in SIT₁₂₀, HIIT₉₀, and MICT was confined to 200 kJ, while it was deliberately lower in SIT_all‐out. The abdominal visceral fat area (AVFA) was measured through computed tomography scans. The whole‐body and regional fat mass were assessed through dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Pre‐, post‐, and 3‐hour post‐exercise serum growth hormone (GH), and epinephrine (EPI) were measured during selected training sessions. Following the intervention, similar reductions in whole‐body and regional fat mass were found in all intervention groups, while the reductions in AVFA resulting from SIT_all‐out, SIT₁₂₀, and HIIT₉₀ (>15 cm²) were greater in comparison with MICT (<3.5 cm², P < .05). The AVFA reductions among the SITs and HIIT groups were similar, and it was concomitant with the similar exercise‐induced releases of serum GH and EPI. CON variables were unchanged. These findings suggest that visceral fat loss induced by interval training at or above 90% O_2peak appeared unresponsive to the change in training intensity. Nonetheless, SIT_all‐out is still the most time‐efficient strategy among the four exercise‐training regimes for controlling visceral obesity.