Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma in a woman after renal transplantation: report of a case

In contrast to malignant lymphomas or skin cancer, smooth muscle tumors including leiomyosarcoma are rarely associated with transplant recipients. We herein present a 33-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease who received a transplant at 27 years of age. Four years after the transplantation, at age 31, she underwent a mastectomy because of primary right breast cancer, which was found to be a 5-mm-sized mucinous carcinoma with no regional lymph node metastasis. Six years after the transplantation, a liver tumor was unexpectedly discovered. An explorative laparotomy revealed a well-encapsulated tumor occupying the posterior portion of the right lobe of the liver. The patient underwent a posterior segmentectomy. Histologically, the tumor possessed intermingling fascicles of spindle cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and elongated nuclei. Based on an immunohistochemical examination, the tumor cells were positive for the muscle-associated antibody. In addition, RNA probes for Epstein-Barr virus were negative based on in situ hybridization. The histologic, immunohistochemical findings were considered to be diagnostic for leiomyosarcoma, which is a low-grade malignancy. Two years after surgery, the patient is doing well with no recurrence of liver tumors or breast cancer. Received: April 16, 2001 / Accepted: September 11, 2001     

Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy with laparoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy after endoscopic mucosal resection for early gastric cancer

Background There has been a trend toward minimally invasive treatment of early gastric cancer. We report the preliminary results of laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy with laparoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy after endoscopic mucosal resection. Methods Six patients underwent laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy after endoscopic mucosal resection between February 2002 and October 2005 at Mie University Hospital. These patients first underwent laparoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy and then laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy. Results No patient underwent conversion to open surgery during the operation. None of the patients had any postoperative complications. The mean length of postoperative hospital stay was 11.3 days. Sentinel lymph nodes were identified laparoscopically in five patients. There were 20 sentinel and 85 nonsentinel lymph nodes in the six patients. Postoperatively, tissue sections showed that none of the lymph nodes were metastasized. Immunohistochemistry with D2-40 antibody showed that there were normal lymphatics in the submucosal layer with mucosal defects at the endoscopic mucosal resection site. No patients had any tumor recurrence during followup. Conclusions Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy after endoscopic mucosal resection was a safe and curative procedure. Endoscopic mucosal resection before sentinel lymph node biopsy was acceptable for early gastric cancer.     

Predictive factors for the effect of the α1-D/A adrenoceptor antagonist naftopidil on subjective and objective criteria in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction

Study Type – Therapy (RCT)
Level of Evidence 1b What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? α‐blockers may have little effect in the facilitation of storage and emptying in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD). Naftopidil is a novel α‐blocker, which is selective for the α1‐D/A adrenoceptor. This study showed the first objective evidence for the effect of naftopidil in treatment of NLUTD patients by pressure‐flow study.

OBJECTIVES

? To assess the effect of α1‐D/A adrenoceptor antagonist naftopidil on patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) and voiding difficulty. ? To explore the effectiveness of naftopidil in these patients by using urodynamic variables, including pressure flow study (PFS), and to find good and simple parameters (International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Post‐void residual urine (PVR), and uroflowmetry (UFM) parameters) as substitution of PFS for predicting the effect of naftopidil.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

? The main inclusion and exclusion criteria were, IPSS ≥8, voiding symptoms with IPSS ≥5, IPSS‐quality of life (QOL) ≥2, PVR ≥50 mL, and without prostatic enlargement ≥20 mL. ? After initial assessment, patients were stepwisely administered for 12 weeks with the following: placebo for 2 weeks, naftopidil 25 mg/day for 2 weeks, naftopidil 50 mg/day for 2 weeks, and naftopidil 75 mg/day for 6 weeks. At the end of both placebo and 6 weeks’ naftopidil 75 mg/day, their IPSS, UFM, PVR, and PFS were assessed. ? A total of 82 Japanese patients (men 40, women 42) with lower urinary tract symptoms complicated by NLUTD, with a mean age of 63.9 years, were included from private or institutional clinics. ? The lesions were spinal cord 42, and peripheral nervous system 40. The spinal cord lesions were all lumbar spine (injury or lumbar canal stenosis).

RESULTS

? In all patients, pressure at maximum urinary flow rate (P_detQ_max) in PFS significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and maximum urinary flow rate in UFM significantly increased (P < 0.01). Analysis of data for men and for women also showed a significant decrease in PVR, %PVR, and total IPSS score. ? The degree of improvement of voided volume, PVR (%), and IPSS in patients with PVR <300 mL was significantly greater than those in patients with PVR ≥300 mL. ? The degree of improvement of P_detQ_max in PFS, and IPSS in patients with bladder contractility was significantly greater than that in patients without bladder contractility.

CONCLUSIONS

? α1‐D/A adrenoceptor antagonist naftopidil has a significant effect on both symptoms and urodynamic variables of patients of both genders with NLUTD in Japan. ? PVR <300 mL and bladder contractility are predictive factors for the efficacy of naftopidil on patients with NLUTD.     

Donor evaluation and hepatectomy for living-donor liver transplantation

In the past decade, considerable technical advances have been accomplished in living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The procedure has become accepted globally as a standard modality for the treatment of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in both pediatric and adult populations. During the period of this procedure’s development, however, tragedy has occurred. Serious morbidity and even mortality have been experienced and reported in live donors. The transplant community has been very much aware of its responsibilities toward live donor care, and much effort has been made to improve and secure the overall outcomes of donors. Unlike in deceased-donor liver transplantation (DDLT), opportunity or chance plays a lesser role in the availability of an organ for LDLT. Judgment calls are often made by individuals; therefore, the evaluation process includes social and ethical aspects not encountered among the usual indications for hepatobiliary surgical disease. Thus, the selection of live donors should be made from a wider perspective compared with that for conventional patient care. The approach to selecting live donors may vary slightly between the West, where a large number of DDLTs are performed daily, and the Far East, where they are much less frequent. However, the recognition that the transplant community has a responsibility to provide care to living donors is common. This review provides an overview of the current donor evaluation and surgical procedures involved in LDLT, with the recognition that an open and educated debate is key to ensuring public confidence and maintaining ethical standards in the field.     

Biliary complications in right lateral sector graft live donor liver transplantation.

Biliary complications remain the most challenging issue in adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and to the best of our knowledge, no study has focused on the biliary complications in LDLT with right lateral sector graft (RLSG), a graft consisting of segments VI and VII according to Couinaud's nomenclature for liver segmentation. Between January 1996 and October 2006, 310 LDLTs were performed for adult recipients at our institution. Among them, 20 patients received RLSG. The incidence of biliary complications during follow-up in these patients with RLSG was retrospectively analyzed. Follow-up period after transplantation ranged from 1 to 87 months (median 58 months). The 3-year and 5-year graft survival rates following the use of RLSGs in LDLT were 90% and 90%, respectively. Biliary complications were encountered in altogether nine patients. Two patients (10%) were complicated with bile leakage requiring surgical intervention. Seven patients (35%) were complicated with bile duct stenosis, which occurred with a median interval of 26 months (range: 6-51 months) after LDLT. Four were treated surgically and the other three were treated by endoscopic approach. Outcomes of the interventions were satisfactory in all cases. The incidence and severity of biliary complications after LDLT using RLSG was within an acceptable range with excellent graft survival. Accordingly, it is concluded that RLSG is a technically feasible option that may effectively expand the donor pool. Further application of RLSG is warranted.     

The Wound-Healing Effect of Fibrin Glue for Tracheal Anastomosis in Experimental Pulmonary Surgery

The leakage of tracheal anastomoses is one of the major complications that occurs after tracheal reconstruction. Improved reinforcing methods for anastomoses would thus be clinically useful. To find a better technique, we examined the postoperative would-healing effect of fibrin glue on tracheal anastomosis in the rat. Experimental rats were divided into two groups. In the control group (n = 21), the trachea was anastomosed by interrupted absorbable sutures. In the fibrin glue group (n = 21), the trachea was anastomosed in the same manner as the control group, with the addition of fibrin glue around the area of anastomosis. In the two groups, we studied the amount of hydroxyproline and histological findings on the seventh, 14th, and 21st postoperative day. The amount of hydroxyproline and collagen fibers in the fibrin glue group was more than in the control group on the seventh postoperative day. These results suggest that fibrin glue has a promotive effect in the healing of tracheal anastomosis. Received: August 24, 2000 / Accepted: May 15, 2001     

Testicular cancer with tumor thrombus extending to the inferior vena cava successfully removed using veno-venous bypass: A case report

A 33-year-old man with a left testicular tumor was referred to Shinshu University Hospital for advanced therapy. Radiographic imaging revealed multiple metastases in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes (RPLN) and bilateral lungs, as well as tumor thrombus that extended from the left renal vein to the inferior vena cava (IVC) adjacent to the right atrium. After orchidectomy, a diagnosis of embryonal carcinoma was made with a clinical stage of T1N2M1bS3, which has a poor prognosis, based on the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group consensus. After eight courses of chemotherapy, the patient's tumor markers normalized and the lung metastases disappeared, but the RPLN and tumor thrombus remained. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and thrombectomy were performed using a veno-venous bypass (VVB). The pathological examination of the thrombus revealed a mature teratoma. The patient has been disease-free since surgery.     

Intraoperative blood salvage during liver resection: a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to clarify the effectiveness of intraoperative blood salvage in reducing blood loss. BACKGROUND: Although reduction of central venous pressure (CVP) is thought to decrease blood loss during liver resection, no consistently effective and safe method for obtaining the desired reduction of CVP has been established. METHODS: Living liver donors scheduled to undergo liver graft procurement were randomly assigned to a blood salvage group, in which a blood volume equal to approximately 0.7% of the patient's body weight was collected before the liver transection, or a control group. The surgeons were blinded to the randomization results. The primary outcome measure was blood loss during liver parenchymal division. A multivariate analysis was also performed. RESULTS: Seventy-nine donors were allocated intraoperatively to the blood salvage group (n = 40) or the control group (n = 39). The amount of blood loss during liver transection was significantly smaller in the blood salvage group than in the control group (median loss during transection, 140 mL vs. 230 mL, P = 0.034). The CVP at the beginning of the liver parenchymal division was significantly lower in the blood salvage group than in the control group (median, 5 cm H2O vs. 6 cm H2O, P = 0.005). The results of a multivariate analysis revealed that intraoperative blood salvage offered the advantage of reduced blood loss during liver parenchymal division (adjusted OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.11-0.85, P = 0.025). CONCLUSION: Modest intraoperative blood salvage significantly and safely reduced blood loss during hepatic parenchymal transection.     

Midurethral autologous fascial sling surgery with reconstruction of the lower abdominal wall using the tensor fascia lata muscle flap for post‐hemipelvectomy stress urinary incontinence

Hemipelvectomy is surgery for pelvic bone neoplasms. In the case of pubic bone osteosarcoma, the distal end of the rectus abdominis muscle is severed from the pubic and ischium bones, and the pelvic floor muscles are resected en bloc with the bone, which leads to stress urinary incontinence. Cancer control is prioritized over complications, and stress urinary incontinence is generally disregarded. A 25‐year‐old woman presented with stress urinary incontinence. She had undergone a hemipelvectomy for left pubic bone osteosarcoma, and stress urinary incontinence appeared and persisted since the surgery. We carried out a reconstruction of the tissue deficit of the rectus abdominis using the tensor fascia lata muscle flap simultaneously with a midurethral autologous fascial sling anchoring to the tensor fascia lata flap. Stress incontinence was successfully improved without morbidity. This is the first reported case of midurethral suspension with reconstruction of the lower abdominal wall with the tensor fascia lata flap for post‐hemipelvectomy stress urinary incontinence.