高校科技创新工作的若干问题及对策

我国高等学校的科技队伍不断发展和壮大 ,在我国的科技事业发展中具有举足轻重的地位 ,高等学校的科技创新对推进我国国家创新体系的建设起着越来越重要的作用。但高校科学研究工作中存在一些困难和问题 ,必须采用改革现行管理体制和运行机制等对策予以解决     

烤瓷贴面修复20例临床观察

目的评价烤瓷贴面的修复效果。方法选择20例患者制作烤瓷贴面92个。复诊时对烤瓷贴面的边缘适合性,边缘着色及颜色进行评价;同时采用牙龈出血指数和菌斑指数评价治疗前后的牙周状况。观察时间为12～18个月。结果5颗牙烤瓷贴面失败,成功率为95.7%;烤瓷贴面治疗前后牙龈出血指数无显著性差异(P>0.05),治疗后菌斑指数降低(P<0.01)。结论烤瓷贴面具有较好的治疗效果。     

Failure of intensive chemotherapy in poor prognosis non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

In an attempt to improve response and survival rates in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a relatively intense six drug regimen MATCOP was developed comprising four-weekly cycles of methotrexate (100mg/m², IV_Y day 8), Adriamycin (30mg/m², IV_Y days 1,2), teniposide (75 mg/rn², IV, day 1), cyclophophamide (300 mg/m², po, days one to five), Oncovin (1.4 mg/m², IV: maximum 2 mg, days 8,15) and prednisolone (100 mg, po, days one to five). A randomised trial was conducted comparing MATCOP with the standard CHOP regimen, comprising three-weekly cycles of cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m², IV, day 1), Adriamycin (50 mg/m², IV, day 1), Oncovin (1.4 mg/m² IV: maximum 2 mg, day 1) and prednisolone (100 mg, PO, days two to six). Eighty patients with large cell lymphoma, diffuse mixed small cleaved and large cell lymphoma or diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma were randomised, 47 to MATCOP and 33 to CHOP. MATCOP patients experienced increased granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia (p 0.0001), mucositis (p= 0.002) and infections (p= 0.01) compared to CHOP patients. Complete response rates were similar: 66% for MATCOP patients and 61% for CHOP patients. There were no apparent differences in the time to relapse for patients achieving CR, the time to treatment failure or the overall survival time. Thus despite an increase in toxicity, the more intense regimen MATCOP failed to confer any therapeutic benefit compared with the standard CHOP regimen. Survival was not influenced but toxicity was increased by dose intensification. (Aust NZ J Med 1992; 22: 123–128.)     

西藏地区农牧民生活习俗与包囊虫病的关系调查

目的　探讨西藏地区农、牧民生活习俗与包囊虫病的关系。方法　自制问卷对 7个县 2 40个家庭 163 1名成员与包囊虫感染有关的生活习俗进行调查分析。结果　饭前便后洗手的人仅有 16 1%,餐具一般都用天然水洗 ,大部家庭用天然绵羊绒擦洗茶具。大多数人都喝过河溪水 ,池塘水 ,人人都吃半生不熟的肉 ,半数以上的吃生肉和生血肠 ,绝大多数人喝未经消毒的鲜牛、羊奶。 10 0 %家庭养狗 ,所有人员与狗、羊、牛、马接触密切。包囊虫病人占调查人数 0 43 %( 7/ 163 1) ,有典型症状者占 0 67%( 11/ 163 1)。结论　当地居民感染包囊虫与不良生活习俗有关     

Expression of neuron-specific enolase and olfactory marker protein in the developing olfactory mucosa of human fetuses]

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and olfactory marker protein (OMP) in the developing olfactory mucosa of human fetuses. METHOD: The expression of NSE and OMP in the olfactory mucosa of 6 human fetuses (12, 16, 20, 24, 28 and 34 weeks) was studied using the technique of immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: NSE immunological positive reactions were seen in all 6 fetal mucosa from gestational 12 (G12) to G34, with plenty of positive-stained dual-pole neuron cells. At G12, the positive cells aligned tightly, the cell bodies were localized in the lower portion of olfactory epithelium and the positive-stained area occupied upper 2/3 of fetal nasal mucosa. With the development, the positive cells gradually became multilayer, but the density and the relative area of positive-cells reduced. At G34, the positive cells were located only in upper 1/3 of nasal mucosa. OMP-positive reactions were localized in a few dual-pole neurons at G12, the number was much less than NSE-positive cells in the same fetus. With the development, the OMP-positive cells gradually increased with most of the cell bodies located in the upper portion of epithelium, but number still relatively less than the NSE-positive cells at the same age. CONCLUSION: At G12, there were lots of olfactory neuron in the olfactory mucosa and only a few olfactory neurons had became mature. With the development, the olfactory epithelial area reduced but the number of mature olfactory neurons increased. At the last trimester, fetal olfactory sensor was almost matured.     

大鼠胼胝体神经元化学性质研究:Ⅰ.谷氨酸的免疫细胞化学研究

采用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)逆行示踪与谷氨酸免疫细胞化学结合法对大鼠额叶和枕叶皮质内胼胝体神经元的化学性质进行了研究.结果发现含谷氨酸的胼胝体神经元为大中型锥体细胞,主要分布于皮质Ⅱ/Ⅲ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ层,并有成群分布的倾向.含谷氨酸的胼胝体神经元的数目约占 HRP 标记的胼胝体神经元的17%(额叶)和29%(枕叶).这一结果从形态学上证实,大鼠大脑皮质内相当一部分胼胝体神经元使用谷氨酸作为兴奋性递质。     

呼出气氢测定试验对飞行人员乳糖酶缺乏症的研究

对66名汉族飞行人员进行乳糖呼出气氢测定试验,乳糖吸收不良的发生率为83.3％,其中乳糖不耐受者占34.6％;与一般汉族人群无明显差别。对10名确定为中度以上乳糖吸收不良的飞行人员进行250ml鲜牛奶的试验结果,有50％呼出气氢含量在正常范围,并无一例出现胃肠道症状。提示较长期食用牛奶未能使乳糖酶缺乏状态发生改变,但每日食用适量牛奶属合理营养。