高脂血症性胰腺炎20年发病率和临床特征的分析

目的 回顾性分析近20年广州市第一人民医院收治的高三酰甘油血症性急性胰腺炎（HLAP）的发病率及其临床特征变化.方法 收集1991年1月至2010年12月广州医科大学附属广州市第一人民医院急性胰腺炎（AP）病例1 362例,根据时间划分为4个年度段（1991年至1995年,1996年至2000年,2001年至2005年,2006年至2010年）,比较HLAP患者的发病构成、临床特征和预后.结果 HLAP患者共99例,其中男性61例,女性38例,平均年龄（44±12）岁,以年轻男性居多.HLAP患者占总AP患者的7.3％,4个年度构成比分别为5.4％、5.7％、6.7％和8.3％,20年间增加了1.5倍.99例HLAP患者平均血淀粉酶活性为（513.3±462.7） mmol/L,TG为（12.7±7.0） mmol/L,Ranson评分为（1.2±1.1）分,CT严重指数（CTSI）为（2.2±1.1）分,全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）发生率为36.4％,脏器功能衰竭发生率为18.2％,胰腺假性囊肿发生率5.1％,但重度急性胰腺炎（SAP）发生率和病死率并不随年代变迁而变化.HLAP患者SAP发生率和病死率均显著高于胆源性AP（分别为20.2％比8.5％,6.1％比2.8％）.血液净化应用率从第1年度段的0上升到第4年度段的10.7％.HLAP患者的住院时间从第1年度段的26 d逐渐下降至第4年度段的14 d,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 HLAP发生率呈逐年升高趋势,有重症化倾向,但患者预后有所改善.     

微创治疗胆道非吻合口狭窄的价值

目的评估微创方法治疗肝移植术后胆道非吻合口狭窄（NABS）的价值。方法回顾性分析13例肝移植术后NABS患者的临床资料,比较不同类型NABS患者经内镜下逆行胰胆管途径（ERCP途径）及经皮肝穿刺胆管途径（PTCD途径）的微创治疗效果,并总结NABS患者再次肝移植的手术指征。结果4例行PTCD途径治疗,效果不佳,后期3例改ERCP途径治疗。8例微创治疗后有效,有效率8／13;余5例改手术治疗,其中再次肝移植4例、胆肠吻合1例。Ⅰ型（围肝门部狭窄）、Ⅱ型（肝门部＋肝内胆管狭窄）、Ⅲ型（肝内胆管多发狭窄）NABS患者微创治疗有效率分别为3／4、4／7、1／2。II型及Ⅲ型患者近一半（4／9）需再次肝移植,合并肝动脉狭窄的NABS患者再次肝移植率高达2／3。结论微创方法是治疗NABS的首选方案,主要依靠ERCP实施,PTCD疗效欠佳。根据胆管造影显现的狭窄类型,Ⅰ型患者微创治疗效果最佳。微创治疗无效的Ⅱ型及Ⅲ型患者,尤其是合并肝动脉狭窄者,应及时转手术治疗,以免错失手术机会。     

动态对比增强磁共振对急性脑梗死患者血脑屏障通透性的研究

目的通过动态对比增强(dynamic contrast-enhanced,DCE)MRI定量评估血脑屏障(blood-brain barrier,BBB)的通透性,探讨急性缺血性脑卒中患者BBB通透性的变化及相关影响因素。方法将50例急性缺血性脑卒中患者根据不同治疗方案,分为常规药物组12例,静脉溶栓组19例和取栓组19例,患者在发病72 h内完成DCEMRI(基线时),8例患者发病14 d复查影像检查,发病3个月随访时行改良的Rankin量表(mRS)评分,将mRS评分0~2分为预后良好。使用T1DCE-MRI Extend模型计算BBB通透性指标容积转运常数(Ktrans)值,并计算脑梗死侧与脑梗死对侧Ktrans值的比值(Ki/c)。比较所有患者脑梗死侧与脑梗死对侧、发病14 d复查与基线时、3组Ktrans值和Ki/c值差异,用多因素线性回归分析lg(Ki/c)值的相关影响因素。结果所有患者脑梗死侧Ktrans值较脑梗死对侧明显增高[0.0047(0.0019,0.0087)/min vs 0.0011(0.0003,0.0016)/min,P=0.000];发病14 d复查Ki/c值较基线时明显增高[70.77(13.43,399.43)vs 5.31(3.58,12.64),P=0.012]。常规药物组lg(Ki/c)值为0.42±0.49,静脉溶栓组lg(Ki/c)值为0.77±0.32,取栓组lg(Ki/c)值为0.85±0.41,静脉溶栓组和取栓组lg(Ki/c)值较常规药物组明显升高(P=0.021,P=0.005),静脉溶栓组与取栓组lg(Ki/c)值比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.534)。常规药物组、静脉溶栓组和取栓组发病3个月预后良好比例比较,差异无统计学意义(66.7%vs 52.6%vs 52.6%,P=0.695)。多因素线性回归分析显示,lg(Ki/c)值与治疗方案(P=0.017)和脑梗死病史(P=0.030)有关。结论急性缺血性脑卒中患者BBB通透性与不同治疗方法、既往脑梗死病史有关,并且发病14 d BBB通透性较72 h内明显增高。     

ACS合并AHF患者治疗中RAAS抑制剂对CI-AKI发病的影响

目的 探讨肾素血管紧张素醛固酮系统（RAAS）抑制剂在急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）合并急性心力衰竭（AHF）患者经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）中对比剂致急性肾损伤（CI-AKI）中的作用。方法 回顾性分析成功行PCI手术ACS合并AHF患者504例,并于术后24～48 h内复查肾功能。分别按照有无CI-AKI及有无应用RAAS抑制剂进行分组,对比相关观察指标,并将差异有统计学意义的观察指标进行Logistics回归分析。结果 504例患者中144例（28.6%）患者发生CI-AKI。CI-AKI组RAAS抑制剂使用比例、高血压、糖尿病患病率与非CI-AKI组比较,差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）。CI-AKI组反映心脏功能超声指标LVEF、LVEDD、PAP、NT-proBNP、hs-CRP及Hcy水平与非CI-AKI组比较,差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）。将上述指标引入Logistic回归分析发现,应用RAAS抑制剂对CI-AKI影响消失。而高血压、NT-proBNP、Hcy、hs-CRP、LVEF、PAP仍为心力衰竭患者CI-AKI发生高危因素。结论 对ACS合并AHF患者需行PCI治疗患者,常规应用RAAS抑制剂并不增加CI-AKI发生风险。     

Effect of folic acid supplementation on the progression of carotid intima-media thickness: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

ObjectivesWe conducted a meta-analysis of relevant randomized trials to assess whether folic acid supplementation reduces the progression of atherosclerosis as measured by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).MethodsThis analysis included 2052 subjects from ten folic acid randomized trials with the change in CIMT reported as one of the end points. Summary estimates of weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% CIs were obtained by using random-effect models. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the source of heterogeneity.ResultsOur analysis showed that folic acid supplementation significantly reduces the progression of CIMT (WMD: ?0.04 mm; 95%CI: ?0.07, ?0.02; P < 0.001), particularly in subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (WMD: ?0.16 mm; 95%CI: ?0.26, ?0.07; P = 0.0006) or high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk (WMD: ?0.05 mm; 95%CI: ?0.11, 0.00; P = 0.06) but not in subjects who were generally healthy with only elevated homocysteine concentrations (WMD:0.00 mm; 95%CI: ?0.01, 0.01; P = 0.35). Furthermore, meta-regression analysis of the data showed that the baseline CIMT levels (P = 0.011) and the percent reduction of homocysteine (P < 0.001) were positively related to the effect size. Consistently, a greater beneficial effect was seen in those trials with baseline CIMT levels ≥0.8 mm (WMD: ?0.14 mm; 95%CI: ?0.19, ?0.08; P < 0.0001), and a reduction in the homocysteine concentration ≥30% (WMD: ?0.22 mm; 95%CI: ?0.38, ?0.06; P = 0.009). In the corresponding comparison groups, the effect sizes were attenuated and insignificant.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that folic acid supplementation is effective in reducing the progression of CIMT, particularly in subjects with CKD or high CVD risk and among trials with higher baseline CIMT levels or a larger homocysteine reduction.     

Seroprevalence of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus among poultry workers in Jiangsu Province, China: an observational study

Background

Surgical site infection (SSI) are the third most frequently reported nosocomial infection, and the most common on surgical wards. HIV-infected patients may increase the possibility of developing SSI after surgery. There are few reported date on incidence and the preventive measures of SSI in HIV-infected patients. This study was to determine the incidence and the associated risk factors for SSI in HIV-infected patients. And we also explored the preventive measures.

Methods

A retrospective study of SSI was conducted in 242 HIV-infected patients including 17 patients who combined with hemophilia from October 2008 to September 2011 in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. SSI were classified according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria and identified by bedside surveillance and post-discharge follow-up. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 statistical software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).

Results

The SSI incidence rate was 47.5% (115 of 242); 38.4% incisional SSIs, 5.4% deep incisional SSIs and 3.7% organ/space SSIs. The SSI incidence rate was 37.9% in HIV-infected patients undergoing abdominal operation. Patients undergoing abdominal surgery with lower preoperative CD4 counts were more likely to develop SSIs. The incidence increased from 2.6% in clean wounds to 100% in dirty wounds. In the HIV-infected patients combined with hemophilia, the mean preoperative albumin and postoperative hemoglobin were found significantly lower than those in no-SSIs group (P<0.05).

Conclusions

SSI is frequent in HIV-infected patients. And suitable perioperative management may decrease the SSIs incidence rate of HIV-infected patients.     

Transport of nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) coupling with Alcaligenes sp. strain in porous media

Coupling nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) particles with anaerobic bacteria is a potentially powerful approach for remediating polluted groundwater. However, little is known about the transport of these mixed systems in porous media, which could potentially affect the system''s activity and half-life in aqueous environments. This study assessed the transport and stability of nZVI coupled with Alcaligenes sp. TB by column experiments and sedimentation tests. The results showed that combined bio-nZVI systems experienced significantly higher transport and lower sedimentation rates than stand-alone nZVI. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that Alcaligenes sp. TB reduced aggregation of nZVI to some extent, though slight toxicity to bacteria was observed. The results of ζ-potential measurements demonstrated that the presence of bacteria increased the electrostatic force between the particles. Voltammetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed that the bio-nZVI system undergoes different redox processes. The presence of bacteria favored the formation of FeOOH not Fe₂O₃ or Fe₃O₄, resulting in weaker surface magnetic properties.

Coupling nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) particles with anaerobic bacteria experienced significantly higher transport and lower sedimentation rates than stand-alone nZVI.