几种常用注射液的细菌内毒素检查法探讨

目的 :对细菌内毒素检查法在临床的应用进行探讨。方法 :参照中国药典九五版 (二部 )中的有关细菌内毒素检查法规定 ,采用最大有效稀释倍数法进行干扰实验。结果 :通过对 3 0批大输液进行细菌内毒素检查 ,甘露醇注射液 6批 ,阴性 6批 ;葡萄糖氯化纳注射液 1 8批 ,阴性 1 8批 ;低分子右旋糖酐注射液 6批 ,阳性 1批 ,阴性 5批。结论 :细菌内毒素检查法灵敏、方便、快捷 ,有利于大输液成品的质量控制。     

中药水蛭对缺血/再灌注后脑细胞的抗凋亡作用

目的 观察水蛭水煎醇提取液对大鼠所血／再灌注后脑细胞凋亡的保护作用。方法 将雄性ＳＤ大鼠６０只,随机分为为单纯缺血／再灌注组（Ａ组）和缺血／再灌注＋水蛭治疗组（Ｄ组）。插线法制备大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞／再灌注模型,用流式细胞仪检测两组的脑细胞凋亡率。结果 Ｂ组脑细胞凋亡率明显低于Ａ组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,且脑细胞凋亡的率明显你于Ａ组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,且脑细胞凋亡的发生推迟。结论水蛭水煎醇提取液可降低缺血／     

钝性剥离术治疗71例肝海绵状血管瘤

目的探讨采用包膜外钝性剥离法切除肝海绵状血管瘤的治疗经验。方法分析总结作者在肝门阻断下采用包膜外钝性剥离法切除71例肝海绵状血管瘤患者的临床资料。结果全部病例手术经过顺利,术中出血少,术后恢复良好,并发症低于其他术式。结论包膜外钝性剥离治疗肝海绵状血管瘤是一种安全、简便、有效且创伤小的手术方式     

术中胆道造影在小切口胆囊切除术中的应用价值

目的 探讨术中胆道造影在小切口胆囊切除术中的应用价值。方法 小切口胆囊切除术中经胆囊管和胆总管穿刺行胆道造影５００例。结果 术中造影发现胆道结石４２例。结论术中胆道造影安全方便,胆道系统解剖清晰,对预防术后残余结石,避免胆道损伤,降低术后并发症,提高胆囊手术质量有较好的应用价值。     

性别异常的染色体组型分析

为了进一步探讨性别异常发生的机制及染色体组型与表型性别的相关性 ,对 33例性别异常病人的染色体组型和临床资料进行分析。结果表明 :46XY男性假两性畸形占 5 7 5 7% ,46XX女性假两性畸形为 18 18% ,真两性畸形的组型有12 12 % ,其他组型为 12 12 %。含Y染色体组型的病人 88 8%可以找到睾丸 ,但 73 6 8%的病人表现为女性社会性别。性染色体与社会性别的相符率为 42 82 %。还发现 2例男性假两性畸形其性染色体正常 ,但常染色体分别为臂间倒位及 13和 14号染色体间的易位时 ,也可以导致性别异常。结论 :性染色体决定着性腺分化的方向 ,但成熟的性腺和正常的性别发育还需除性染色体之外的多条染色体、多个基因的参与。     

迟发性佝偻病与支气管哮喘

目的 观察迟发性佝偻病并发哮喘的治疗反应,探讨维生Ｄ（ＶＤ）缺乏的哮喘发病中的作用。方法 ３１例迟发性佝偻病并发哮喘患儿随机分成Ａ、Ｂ两组,１５例单纯哮喘患儿为Ｃ组。３组均吸入二丙酸倍氯米松气雾剂（ｂｅｃｏｔｉｄｅ ｉｎｈａｌｅｒ）１年,Ａ组另加ＶＤ３治疗。于治疗前后别测定肺功能等。结果 治疗前３组用力呼气一秒量（ＦＥＶ１．０）及用力呼气峰流速（ＰＥＦ）均减低,但组间无差别;Ａ、Ｂ两组骨钙素和反映     

SETDB1: A perspective into immune cell function and cancer immunotherapy

Oncogene SET Domain Bifurcated 1 (SETDB1)/ESET, an H3K9 methyltransferase, was originally discovered over two decades ago; however, its function in the immune response was not first reported until 2011. SETDB1 immune functions include B cell maturation, T cell activity regulation, and immune escape in cancer cells. In B lymphocytes, SETDB1 mediates the transition from pro-B to pre-B cells and represses endogenous retroviruses (ERV) to encourage B cell lineage differentiation and maturation. SETDB1 alters T cell function by methylating IL-2 and IL-17 promoters and mediating T cell lineage commitment and development. In addition, SETDB1 plays a critical role in ERV silencing within a variety of immune cells, which can indirectly weaken the immune response. Although SETDB1 is critical for normal immune cell function, overexpression in cancer cells negatively impacts immune cell fights against cancer through decreased tumour immunogenicity. Within cancer cells, SETDB1 overexpression represses production and infiltration of antitumour immune cells, mediates immune escape through TE and ERV silencing, represses the type I interferon pathway, and interferes in immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) outcomes by regulation of PD-L1 expression and IFN signalling. In this review, we further discuss the immunological mechanisms of SETDB1 in normal and cancerous cells and its implications in cancer immunotherapy.     

Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a neurovirulent Zika virus isolated from Cambodia in 2019

The geographic range of Zika virus (ZIKV) has expanded from Asia to the Americas, leading to the 2015–2016 pandemic with enhanced neurovirulence. At present, ZIKV is continuously circulating in many Southeast Asian countries. Unfortunately, the persistent evolution of ZIKV in Southeast Asia and its influence on the biological characteristics of the virus remain incompletely understood. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo properties of a new ZIKV isolate obtained from Cambodia in 2019 (CAM/2019) were characterized and compared with those of the Cambodian strain (CAM/2010). Compared with CAM/2010, the CAM/2019 virus showed similar plaque morphology and growth curves in cell cultures and induced comparable viremia and organ viral loads profiles in both BALB/c and A129 (IFNAR1^−/−) mice upon intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation. Remarkably, the CAM/2019 virus exhibited enhanced neurovirulence in neonatal mice compared with CAM/2010, with a 74-fold reduction in the 50% lethal dose (LD₅₀). Consistently, CAM/2019 produced higher viral loads in the brains of BALB/c neonatal mice than CAM/2010 did. Sequence alignment showed that the CAM/2019 virus has acquired 12 amino acid substitutions, several of which were found to be associated with neurovirulence. In particular, the CAM/2019 virus shared an A1204T substitution in NS2A with the Thai isolate SI-BKK02 that was isolated from a microcephaly case. Taken together, our results indicate that a ZIKV strain isolated with specific mutations has emerged in Cambodia, highlighting the need for extensive molecular and disease surveillance in Cambodia and other Asian countries.     

Screening and identification of 3-aryl-quinolin-2-one derivatives as antiviral agents against influenza A

Quinolin-2-one represents an important and valuable chemical motif that possesses a wide variety of biological activities; however, the anti-influenza activities of quinolin-2-one-containing compounds were rarely reported. Herein, we describe the screening and identification of 3-aryl-quinolin-2-one derivatives as a novel class of antiviral agents. The 3-aryl-quinolinone derivatives were synthesized via an efficient copper-catalyzed reaction cascade that we previously developed. Using this synthetic method, preliminary structure–activity relationships of this scaffold against the influenza A virus infection were systematically explored. The most potent compound 34 displayed IC₅₀ values of 2.14 and 4.88 μM against the replication of H3N2 (A/HK/8/68) and H1N1 (A/WSN/33) strains, respectively, without apparent cytotoxicity on MDCK cells. We further demonstrated that 27 and 34 potently inhibited the plaque formation of the IAV, rendering this scaffold attractive for pursuing novel anti-influenza agents.