Apoptosis and regeneration of sinusoidal endothelial cells after extended cold preservation and transplantation of rat liver

BACKGROUND: Sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) are particularly susceptible to cold ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We have examined the process of injury and recovery of graft after cold-preserved liver transplantation, with special focus on the proliferation of SECs and regulatory mechanisms involved. METHODS: Male SD rats were divided into two groups according to length of cold preservation time in University of Wisconsin [UW] solution of graft: UW1h group and UW12h group. Graft function, incidence of apoptosis, proliferation of SECs and the expression of related regulatory factors were assessed after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). RESULTS: SECs are more sensitive to apoptosis induced by cold I/R injury compared with hepatocytes. Using bromodeoxyuridine and rat endothelial cell antigen-1 double immunostaining assay, SECs exhibited a delayed proliferation in comparison with hepatocytes, reaching a peak at 72 hr in UW1h group and 96 hr in UW12h group, respectively. Vascular endothelial growth factor increased at 24 hr after reperfusion, and peaked at 72 hr in both groups. Flt-1 and flk-1 expression was found to be mainly limited to SECs, with a peak in expression occurring between 72 and 96 hr, which coincided with the peak in SEC proliferation in UW1h group. However, flt-1 was found to be reduced significantly at any time throughout the experiments in UW12h group compared to sham. CONCLUSION: The delayed recovery of rat liver after extended cold preservation and transplantation correlates with a retarded regeneration of SECs due to increased apoptosis and reduced expression of flt-1. These results suggest that SECs play an important role in cold-preserved liver transplantation.     

多种激光联合治疗睑分裂痣的疗效观察

目的:观察多种激光联合治疗睑分裂痣的临床疗效与安全性,以为提高睑分裂痣治愈率提高可行性方案。方法:对20例睑分裂痣患者进行超脉冲CO2、调Q755nm激光和810nm半导体激光联合治疗。先采用超脉冲CO2激光治疗仪对皮损进行轻微的剥脱性治疗,治疗达一定深度后再用调Q755nm激光治疗,如果分裂痣表面有毛发,待皮损颜色恢复正常或明显减退后用810nm半导体激光进行脱毛治疗。每次间隔时间3~6月。治疗结束后6个月进行随访,以统计治疗效果,同时记录不良反应。结果:所有患者经过1~3次联合治疗后,痊愈11例(55%),显效8例(40%),好转1例(5%),总有效率100%。2例出现浅表瘢痕,1例出现轻度色素脱失。结论:采用超脉冲CO2激光、调Q755nm激光和810nm半导体脱毛激光联合治疗睑分裂痣,操作简单,疗效显著,安全性高,值得临床上推广。     

固定正畸对骨性Ⅱ类患者后牙合平面及上牙轴倾斜度的影响

目的：观察经固定正畸矫治的骨性Ⅱ类高角患者矫治后后牙合平面及上牙轴倾斜度的变化。方法：对13例经直丝弓矫治技术,拔除4颗双尖牙矫治完成的骨性Ⅱ类高角患者矫治前后的X线头颅侧位定位片进行相关项目的测量,结果进行统计分析。结果：治疗后,后牙合平面、U1-FH角及U7-FH角均减少,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;U5-FH角增加,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：骨性Ⅱ类高角患者矫治后后牙合平面陡度减少,上颌牙牙轴由向心聚拢倾向于平行。     

克氏针持续牵引法治疗乳头内陷的临床效果

目的探讨应用克氏针自制S形矫正器持续牵引治疗乳头内陷的临床效果。方法局部麻醉下,以缝线或布巾钳将内陷的乳头牵出并尽量提起,用直径为0．5～1．0mm、长约10cm的克氏针横穿乳头基底部,由乳头中心向两侧各1．5cm处将克氏针分别沿顺时针方向向两侧弯曲成半环形,然后将两侧半圆环呈合页状向下折叠,将中间横贯轴撑起牵引乳头向前。术后持续佩戴本牵引装置6个月,复诊期间可通过调整折叠角度以维持牵引力度。结果用克氏针持续牵引法治疗中度、重度乳头内陷32例58侧,经初步观察治疗效果满意,牵引治疗期间未见局部感染,治疗后乳头形态自然,随访3～6个月,乳头形态稳定,未见复发。结论克氏针持续牵引法简单易行,不影响哺乳功能,矫正治疗后乳头形态自然、稳定持久。     

补肾益髓中药复方对去卵巢骨质疏松症大鼠骨组织Runx2 mRNA及蛋白表达的影响

目的观察去卵巢骨质疏松症大鼠骨组织Runx2 mRNA及蛋白表达,探讨绝经后骨质疏松症(Postmenopausal Osteoporosis,PMOP)的发病机制以及补肾益髓中药复方的疗效机理。方法去卵巢复制骨质疏松症大鼠模型,实验设正常组、模型组、假手术组、补肾益髓中药复方组、钙尔奇D组、骨疏康组。术后7d开始灌胃给药12周。应用XR-36型双能X线骨密度仪测定股骨骨密度,应用OLYMPUS BX51显微镜观察股骨头石蜡切片HE染色显微形态结构,实时定量RT-PCR及Western Blot检测骨组织Runx2 mRNA及蛋白表达。结果 (1)与正常组、假手术组比较,模型组股骨骨密度明显降低(P0.001、P0.05),骨组织Runx2 mRNA及蛋白表达明显降低(P0.001)。(2)与模型组比较,补肾益髓中药复方组、骨疏康组股骨骨密度明显升高(P0.05),补肾益髓中药复方组(P0.001)、钙尔奇D组(P0.05)、骨疏康组(P0.01)骨组织Runx2 mRNA及蛋白表达明显上调。(3)与钙尔奇D组、骨疏康组比较,补肾益髓中药复方组骨组织Runx2 mRNA(P0.01、P0.05)及蛋白(P0.001)表达均明显升高。(4)股骨头石蜡切片HE染色显微形态结构:与正常组、假手术组比较,模型组骨小梁形态结构完整性差,有些部位破坏、断裂,余留骨重建空间较多;各给药组骨小梁形态结构均改善,结构较紧密,余留骨重建空间减少,其中以补肾益髓中药复方组改善最明显。结论骨组织Runx2 mRNA及蛋白表达降低可能是PMOP的发病机制之一;补肾益髓中药复方可能通过上调骨组织Runx2 mRNA及蛋白表达有效防治PMOP,其作用优于钙尔奇D、骨疏康。     

直线切割闭合器在全腹腔镜下胃肠Roux-en-Y 吻合中应用

目的：探讨直线切割闭合器在全腹腔镜下胃肠 Roux-en-Y 吻合中应用的可行性与安全性。方法回顾性分析2011年11月至2014年2月间在首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院普通外科全腹腔镜下21例胃远端切除患者的临床和随访资料,其中消化道重建全部采用了使用直线切割闭合器胃肠 Roux-en-Y 吻合。结果所有病例均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹。20例逆蠕动胃肠 Roux-en-Y吻合时间25-40（32.1±5.5）min,1例顺蠕动胃肠 Roux-en-Y 吻合时间为35 min。1例逆蠕动胃肠 Roux-en-Y 吻合患者术后第4天进食,术后6 d 出现胃排空障碍,经保守治疗术后12 d 缓解。其余患者围手术期未出现吻合口出血、瘘、狭窄（梗阻）等并发症。术后随访2周~27个月,1例术后5.5个月因小肠侧侧吻合口狭窄再次开腹手术,其余未见吻合口相关的并发症。结论直线切割闭合器在全腹腔镜胃肠Roux-en-Y 吻合中应用,避免了镜下缝合操作,具有操作简单、易于掌握、安全等特点。     

川西地区500例泌尿系结石成分构成及相关因素分析

目的：探讨川西地区泌尿系结石的成分构成及其相关因素。方法：前瞻性收集2011年11月～2013年11月经确诊为泌尿系结石的患者500例,采用红外光自动分析仪（LIIR一20型）分析结石成分构成。用SPSS13．0软件描述性分析相关研究指标。结果：泌尿系结石患者的性别比（男：女）为1．86：1,且以中青年（29～48岁）居多（46．8％）。少年患者以肾结石为主（55％）,青年、中年和老年患者以输尿管结石为主（分别占69．9％、65．2％和53．6％）。泌尿系结石成分主要为纯一水草酸钙（28．4％）,但青年患者以混合结石（一水草酸钙／二水草酸钙和碳酸）居多（38．2％）。汉族患者结石成分主要为纯一水草酸钙（29．8％、）;藏族多为混合结石（38．0％）。结论：川西地区泌尿系结石成分主要为草酸钙,且具有民族和地区差异,建议针对结石成分的特点采取相应的预防和治疗措施。     

Effect of tibial drill-guide angle on the mechanical environment at bone tunnel aperture after anatomic single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Purpose

The tibial drill-guide angle in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction influences the tunnel placement and graft-tunnel force, and is potentially associated with post-operative tunnel widening. This study aimed to examine the effect of the drill-guide angle on the stress redistribution at the tibial tunnel aperture after anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction.

Methods

A validated finite element model of human knee joint was used. The tibial tunnel with drill-guide angle ranging from 30° to 75° was investigated. The post-operative stress redistribution in tibia under the compressive, valgus, rotational and complex loadings was analysed.

Results

Compressive loading played a leading role on the stress redistribution at intra-articular tibial tunnel aperture. After ACL reconstruction, stress concentration occurred in the anterior and posterior regions of tunnel aperture while stress reduction occurred in the lateral and posteromedial regions under the compressive loading. Stress redistribution was partially alleviated by using the drill-guide angle ranging from 55° to 65°.

Conclusions

The present study quantified the effect of bone tunnel drill-guide angle on the post-operative stress redistribution. This phenomenon potentially contributed to tunnel widening. A tunnel drill-guide angle ranging from 55° to 65° was proposed based on the biomechanical rationale. It could serve as a helpful surgical guide for ACL reconstruction.     

Surgical completeness of robotic thyroidectomy: a prospective comparison with conventional open thyroidectomy in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients

Background

Using the da Vinci^® robotic system, surgeons can complete secure thyroidectomy without noticeable neck scarring. This study compared the surgical completeness of transaxillary robotic thyroidectomy (RT) with conventional open procedures (OT) in treating papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients.

Materials and methods

From April 2009 through February 2011, 94 PTC patients underwent total thyroidectomy with central compartment neck dissection (CCND) at Yonsei University College of Medicine. All patients received 1.1 GBq radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation, post-therapy whole-body scans (TxWBS), and diagnostic WBS (DxWBS) 1 year later. We prospectively compared patient clinicopathologic characteristics and surgical completeness between the two groups.

Results

Fifty-one patients underwent OT and 43 underwent RT. Mean age was significantly younger in the RT group. Tumor size, capsular-invasion frequency, multifocality, bilaterality, and central nodal metastasis were not different between the two groups. The number of retrieved nodes during CCND did not significantly differ between the groups. There was no significant difference between the OT and RT groups in stimulated thyroglobulin levels acquired during TxWBS and DxWBS. The RAI uptake ratios at TxWBS were significantly higher in the RT group compared with the OT group; however, follow-up DxWBS showed no difference in RAI uptake ratios. Also, the ablation success rate was similar between the two groups. There were no abnormal findings in follow-up neck ultrasonography in either group.

Conclusion

Remnant thyroid tissue ablation after transaxillary RT was successfully managed by 1.1 GBq RAI. RT showed similar surgical completeness versus conventional OT, and provides a safe and feasible surgical option for PTC patients.