Fully Bio-Based Adhesive from Tannin and Sucrose for Plywood Manufacturing with High Performances

Fully bio-based adhesives are beneficial to reduce the dependence of the wood adhesive industry on synthetic resins based on petrochemical resources and enhance the market competitiveness of adhesives. A fully bio-based wood adhesive composed of tannin and sucrose was developed and successfully used in the preparation of plywood. Effects of the preparation technology on the bonding strength and water resistance of plywood were investigated, and the properties of the adhesive were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetry (TG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) in this study. The results showed that: (1) Compared with other biomass adhesives, tannin–sucrose adhesive had the characteristics of high-solid content and low viscosity, which had the potential to prepare particleboard and fiberboard. (2) A proper mass ratio of tannin to sucrose was key to obtaining a tannin–sucrose adhesive with better properties. (3) The optimum preparation process of tannin–sucrose adhesive for plywood was as follows: hot-pressing temperature of 210 °C, hot-pressing time of 1.2 min/mm, m(tannin):m(sucrose) of 60:40 and adhesive loading of 160 g/m². Under these conditions, the water-resistant bonding strength of the plywood was 0.89 MPa, which met the strength requirements of the Type II standard of plywood in GB/T 17657-2013. (4) The hot-pressing temperature played a decisive role in the tannin–sucrose adhesive, and the good performance of the plywood was maintained when the temperature was 210 °C or above. Thus, the prepared tannin–sucrose adhesive had high-bonding strength, good water resistance and thermal stability.     

Elevated Remnant Cholesterol is Associated with Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the association of elevated RC levels with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with and without diabetes. Methods: We analyzed data from 1716 patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. RC was calculated as total cholesterol minus high-density lipoprotein cholesterol minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. RC ＞75th percentile of the cohort (＞0.79 mmol/L) was defined as abnormally elevated RC. Cox-regression models and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to assess the relationship between RC ＞0.79 mmol/L and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Results: During a median follow-up of 927 days, a total of 354 patients had at least one event. In the overall population, compared with those with RC ≤ 0.79 mmol/L, patients with RC ＞0.79 mmol/L had a significantly higher risk of MACE after adjustment for potential confounders (hazard ratio: 1.572, 95% confidence interval: 1.251-1.975,P＜0.001). In addition, RC ＞0.79 mmol/L was associated with an increased risk of MACE of 66.7% (P=0.001) and 50.1% (P=0.022) in the diabetic and non-diabetic subgroups (P for interaction=0.073), respectively. The addition of RC significantly improved the predictive ability of baseline models for MACE in diabetic patients (allP＜0.05), but not in non-diabetic patients (allP＞0.05). Conclusion: Abnormally elevated RC was significantly associated with worse prognosis in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients with ACS; however, the prognostic value of RC might be superior among diabetic patients.     

Causes and Diagnostic Usefulness of Tryptase Measurements for Anaphylaxis in a Korean Tertiary Care General Hospital

PurposeThe causes of anaphylaxis in a general hospital may differ from those occurring in a community setting. Underlying diseases in admitted patients and vague presenting symptoms can make the diagnosis of anaphylaxis difficult. Serum tryptase measurements may provide valuable evidence for diagnosing anaphylaxis in admitted patients.Materials and MethodsThis study was designed as a retrospective study of 53 patients with an anaphylaxis episode at a Korean tertiary care general hospital. Tryptase levels were measured at baseline and different time points from the onset of anaphylaxis.ResultsDrugs (42 cases; 79.2%) and foods (10 cases; 18.9%) were the most common causes of anaphylaxis. In drug-induced anaphylaxis, antibiotics (24.5%), anticancer medications, which included monoclonal antibodies (22.6%), and contrast agents (11.3%) were the most frequent causes. The muscle relaxant eperisone (5.7%), neuromuscular blocking agent rocuronium (5.7%), and its antagonist sugammadex (3.8%) were other frequent triggering agents. Wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis was the most common entity in food-induced anaphylaxis. Tryptase concentrations were higher in patients with higher grades of anaphylaxis, as well as in accidental anaphylaxis, compared to meticulously provoked anaphylaxis. Overall diagnostic sensitivity was higher for tryptase algorithm criteria (≥[1.2×baseline+2] µg/L: 71.4%) than for abnormal tryptase level criteria (≥11.4 µg/L: 52.8%).ConclusionThe triggers of anaphylaxis in a Korean tertiary care hospital were diverse, including beta-lactam antibiotics, anticancer medications, contrast medias, eperisone, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, rocuronium, sugammadex, and wheat. Tryptase measurements provided valuable evidence for diagnosis, and the sensitivity of algorithm criteria was superior to that of the abnormal value criteria.     

扶芳藤含药血清对大鼠胰岛细胞的保护机制

目的  探讨扶芳藤含药血清对大鼠胰岛细胞的保护作用及其机制。方法  将40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组,每组8只,包括对照组（正常大鼠胰岛细胞予正常大鼠血清培养）、缺血预处理组（获取胰腺前阻断腹主动脉再开放,胰岛细胞予正常大鼠血清培养）、扶芳藤治疗组（正常大鼠胰岛细胞予大鼠扶芳藤含药血清培养）、扶芳藤组和空白组（正常大鼠分别予扶芳藤提取物或蒸馏水灌胃,用于制备大鼠血清）。采用双硫腙（DTZ）染色法观察并计算胰岛数量;采用吖啶橙（AO）/碘化丙啶（PI）染色法,计算胰岛细胞存活率;采用胰岛素释放实验计算刺激指数（SI）来评价胰岛细胞功能;采用谷胱甘肽（GSH）及一氧化氮（NO）试剂盒测定胰岛细胞内GSH、NO含量;采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）法检测诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）信使核糖核酸（mRNA）的表达水平。结果  经DTZ染色后胰岛细胞呈特异性猩红色,各组间胰岛细胞数量比较,差异无统计学意义（均为P > 0.05）。随培养时间延长,各组胰岛细胞活性均逐渐降低,分离培养72 h后,与对照组比较,扶芳藤治疗组细胞存活率更高,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。胰岛素释放实验检测结果提示,与对照组相比,缺血预处理组及扶芳藤治疗组的SI均升高,差异均有统计学意义（均为P < 0.05）。与对照组比较,缺血预处理组及扶芳藤治疗组胰岛细胞的GSH含量均升高、NO含量均降低、iNOS mRNA表达水平均降低,差异均有统计学意义（均为P < 0.05）。结论  扶芳藤能通过提高GSH、降低iNOS表达及NO产生,提高胰岛细胞存活率,增强胰岛功能。     

头颈部肿瘤两种放疗体位固定摆位误差分析

目的 应用千伏级锥形束CT（CBCT）对比分析头颈部肿瘤放疗中头枕+头颈肩面膜、真空气垫+头颈肩面膜两种体位固定技术的摆位误差。 方法 随机选取60例接受诊断及治疗的头颈部肿瘤患者（头枕+头颈肩面膜组29例、真空气垫+头颈肩面膜组31例）,治疗过程中每周行1次CBCT扫描,将所获取的CBCT图像与计划CT图像进行配准,得到左右、上下、前后方向的摆位线性误差,采用独立t检验对比两组数据的差异性。 结果 头枕+头颈肩面膜组在左右、上下、前后方向的摆位线性误差分别为：（0.07±1.70）、（0.45±1.53）、（0.39±1.62）mm,真空气垫+头颈肩面膜组在左右、上下、前后方向的摆位线性误差分别为：（-0.05±1.39）、（0.13±1.37）、（0.08±1.25）mm。两组在左右方向上的摆位线性误差比较差异无统计学意义（t=0.729,P＞0.05）,在上下和前后方向上的差异有统计学意义（t=2.093、2.039,P均＜0.05）。 结论 两种固定方式中头颈部肿瘤真空气垫+头颈肩面膜固定的患者摆位误差小,体位重复性好。     

间接检眼镜简捷用法结合前房穿刺降压的不放液手术

目的:改进视网膜脱离的不放液手术。方法:不同脱离形态和不同裂孔部位的孔源性视网膜脱离82例施行不放液手术,通过前房穿刺降低眼压,在间接检眼镜下,便于顶压视网膜检查裂孔和外加压及球内注气。结果:前房穿刺操作82例无1例晶状体混浊、前房出血和感染等并发症。不同类型的视网膜脱离1次复位率91%。一次复位的75例中经6～12mo的随访,仅有4例再次脱离。结论:此方法安全、方便、缩短了手术时间,同时适时的降压对直视下手术操作也很有利。     

隐匿性HBV 感染在多发性骨髓瘤发病中的作用研究*

目的：探讨乙型肝炎病毒（HBV ）感染与多发性骨髓瘤（MM）发病之间的关系,为MM的防治提供流行病学依据。方法：收集2010年10月至2014年10月西安市中心医院、陕西省人民医院、西安市交通大学西北医院等5 所三级甲等医院185 例新发MM患者的临床和实验室资料,随机选择在年龄和性别上匹配的同期住院非肿瘤患者作为对照。采用ELISA 法检测外周血HBsAg ;对于HBsAg 阴性者,采用巢式PCR 扩增检测HBVDNA的S、C 区基因。用SPSS16.0 统计学软件进行组间的差异比较;HBV 与MM发病之间的关系采用Logistic回归分析。结果：MM患者的HBsAg 阳性率为8.11%（15/ 185）,隐匿性HBV 感染（occulthepatitis B virus infection,OBI）阳性率为3.53%（6/ 170）,HBV 的总感染率为11.35%（21/ 185）;对照组的HBsAg 阳性率为4.40%（8/182）,OBI 阳性率为0.57%（1/ 174）,HBV 的总感染率为4.95%（9/ 182）。 两组HBsAg 和OBI 阳性率的差异均无统计学意义（P >0.05）,但MM患者HBV 总感染率显著高于对照组（χ2= 5.02,P < 0.05）;其OR值为2.46（95%CI：1.10～5.53）,P < 0.05。另外,HBV 感染者Ⅲ期MM所占比例明显高于未感染者（85.71% vs . 60.37% ,χ2= 5.15,P < 0.05）;血白蛋白水平在HBV 感染者中较未感染者明显减低（χ2= 5.60,P < 0.05）,κ / λ 轻链比值在HBV 感染者中明显低于未感染者（P < 0.05）。 结论：将OBI 纳入分析后,感染HBV 发生MM的风险较未感染者明显增高;伴有HBV 感染的MM患者肝脏损害更为严重,建议对HBsAg 阴性的MM患者在化疗前开展OBI 筛查,以预防出现HBV 再激活而影响生存期。     

慢性眼移植物抗宿主病的临床特点及相关机制的新进展

异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）可有效治疗多种血液病,目前随着移植技术的不断提高和经济水平的飞速发展,越来越多的血液病患者因接受了allo-HSCT治疗而得以长期存活。慢性眼移植物抗宿主病（coGVHD）是allo-HSCT术后最常见的眼部并发症,主要表现为难治性干眼,严重时可导致眼表稳态失衡、角膜缘干细胞缺乏而出现角膜穿孔、睑球粘连等威胁视功能和眼健康的一系列并发症,治疗十分棘手。目前,国际上对coGVHD的临床表现、诊断标准、治疗规范、致病机制的研究逐步深入,而国内的研究及临床规范的建立尚处于起步阶段。本文对coGVHD的临床特点和相关机制的研究进展进行综述,以期加深眼科医师尤其角膜眼表疾病专科医师对该病的认识,为今后的深入研究提供新的思路。     

轻度认知障碍患者海马的影像学研究进展

海马是学习记忆相关的重要脑区,其结构、功能的异常与轻度认知障碍（MCI）的发生发展密切相关。MRI、PET等影像学检查手段能提供海马的结构、功能与葡萄糖代谢等指标,能对早期筛查和诊断MCI提供更多的影像学支持。笔者主要综述了遗忘型MCI患者海马结构、海马的功能连接及海马葡萄糖代谢的影像学研究进展,以期发现更加敏感的影像学指标用于MCI的诊断。