全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1550篇 |
免费 | 121篇 |
国内免费 | 122篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 11篇 |
儿科学 | 19篇 |
妇产科学 | 29篇 |
基础医学 | 199篇 |
口腔科学 | 18篇 |
临床医学 | 205篇 |
内科学 | 213篇 |
皮肤病学 | 37篇 |
神经病学 | 58篇 |
特种医学 | 44篇 |
外国民族医学 | 1篇 |
外科学 | 198篇 |
综合类 | 233篇 |
预防医学 | 111篇 |
眼科学 | 41篇 |
药学 | 152篇 |
4篇 | |
中国医学 | 83篇 |
肿瘤学 | 137篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 21篇 |
2022年 | 57篇 |
2021年 | 83篇 |
2020年 | 72篇 |
2019年 | 56篇 |
2018年 | 72篇 |
2017年 | 58篇 |
2016年 | 64篇 |
2015年 | 74篇 |
2014年 | 75篇 |
2013年 | 80篇 |
2012年 | 137篇 |
2011年 | 132篇 |
2010年 | 98篇 |
2009年 | 56篇 |
2008年 | 83篇 |
2007年 | 75篇 |
2006年 | 53篇 |
2005年 | 72篇 |
2004年 | 38篇 |
2003年 | 41篇 |
2002年 | 38篇 |
2001年 | 29篇 |
2000年 | 28篇 |
1999年 | 36篇 |
1998年 | 21篇 |
1997年 | 25篇 |
1996年 | 24篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1793条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
目的探讨腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除术围手术期并发症发生情况。方法统计本院2016年12月至2018年12月104例膀胱癌患者行腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除术(LRC)围手术期的并发症以及手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间等情况。围手术期并发症定义为手术30 d内发生的并发症。结果平均手术时间327 min,平均出血量478 mL,接受输血者16例(15.4%),平均输血量415 mL。术后平均住院时间17.9 d。尿流改道方式上,Bricker回肠膀胱术68例,输尿管皮肤造口术36例。围手术期并发症发生率47.1%(49例),包括肠梗阻、尿路感染、肺炎、下肢静脉血栓、肺栓塞等。结论腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除术仍有较高的并发症发生率,常见并发症为肠梗阻,尿路感染等,术前应积极治疗基础疾病,术中严格操作,术后采取相应预防措施以防止出现严重并发症。并根据患者情况选择合适的手术方案。 相似文献
62.
63.
Yi Tang Hui Zhong Yongshu Diao Min Qin Xueli Zhou 《International urology and nephrology》2014,46(11):2215-2219
Background
Peritoneal protein clearance (Pcl) is related to the mortality of patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) as well as technique failure. In this prospective observational study, we aimed to investigate factors associated with the level of Pcl.Methods
We prospectively enrolled 344 prevalent CAPD patients. A standard peritoneal equilibrium test was conducted for each patient. Baseline demographics, biochemistry, and Pcl were recorded.Results
The average Pcl of the patients was 97.40 ± 54.14 mL/day. Peritoneal transport level, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and residual glomerular filtration rate (rGFR) were independently related to Pcl. The standard β values were 0.53, 0.17, and ?0.10, respectively. Moreover, compared with non-diabetic patients, diabetic patients had a non-significantly higher level of Pcl (104.90 ± 48.65 vs. 96.15 ± 54.97 mL/day; P = 0.06).Conclusion
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients lose a high amount of protein through the peritoneum each day. The Pcl value is positively related to the level of peritoneal transport and hsCRP and negatively related to the rGFR. 相似文献64.
65.
摘 要 目的:了解我国不同地区阿片类镇痛药的使用情况与趋势,评估癌痛治疗吗啡临床需要量及满足临床需要的程度,评价个人药费可负担性,为我国合理使用阿片类镇痛药,提高癌痛控制水平和患者生活质量提出政策建议。方法:采用回顾性分析方法,分析2006~2016年我国7个片区的阿片类镇痛药使用强度(MUD)及其各阶段年复合增长率(CAGR)。基于我国7个片区肿瘤登记数据和国际疼痛标准治疗指南,测算2015年不同地区的吗啡需要量。将药品价格以DDD值标化为限定日费用(DDC),采用改进后的WHO/HAI标准调查法评价阿片类镇痛药用于癌痛治疗的个人药费可负担性。结果:全国MUD从2006年的1.45DDD/10万人天增长至2016年的6.93DDD/10万人天,整体增长率呈现为前高后低。不同地区间MUD差异较大,且MUD极差有逐年加大趋势。2016年MUD最大地区为华南(9.67DDD/10万人天),最小为西北(3.28DDD/10万人天)。2015年,全国吗啡等效当量实际使用量仅占癌痛治疗吗啡需要量的21.5%,华东(26%)和华南(36%)等地区高于西南(11%)和西北(12%)。各类阿片类镇痛药的DDC范围为10.80~848.88元,除吗啡注射剂外,其余药品的疗程自付费用均大于1 d的日均可支配收入。结论:我国阿片类镇痛药用于癌痛治疗整体使用不足,且不同经济水平的地区使用差异较大,癌痛患者长期使用镇痛药物治疗的个人药费负担较重。应全面加快推行癌痛规范化治疗示范病房和疼痛门诊,完善相应保障体系,合理引导广大城乡居民可负担的癌痛治疗药品价格,降低个人费用负担,提高癌症患者生存质量,使更多癌痛患者得到经济有效的治疗。 相似文献
66.
Teng-Yue Diao Hai Pan Sa-Sa Gu Xi Chen Fang-Yi Zhang Man-Sau Wong Yan Zhang 《Journal of bone and mineral metabolism》2014,32(3):261-270
There are contradictory results about the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) on bone. This study was performed to address the skeletal renin?angiotensin system (RAS) activity and the effects of the ACEI, captopril, on the bone of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice. Histochemical assessment on bone paraffin sections was conducted by Safranin O staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Micro-computed tomography was performed to analyze bone biological parameters. Gene and protein expression were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. Type 1 diabetic mice displayed osteopenia phenotype and captopril treatment showed no osteoprotective effects in diabetic mice as shown by the reduction of bone mineral density, trabecular thickness and bone volume/total volume. The mRNA expression of ACE and renin receptor, and the protein expression of renin and angiotensin II were markedly up-regulated in the bone of vehicle-treated diabetic mice compared to those of non-diabetic mice, and these molecular changes of skeletal RAS components were effectively inhibited by treatment with captopril. However, treatment with captopril significantly elevated serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b levels, reduced the ratio of osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand expression, increased carbonic anhydrase II mRNA expression and the number of matured osteoclasts and decreased transforming growth factor-β and osteocalcin mRNA expression in the tibia compared to those of diabetic mice. The present study demonstrated that the use of the ACEI, captopril, has no beneficial effect on the skeletal biological properties of diabetic mice. However, this could be attributed, at least partially, to its suppression of osteogenesis and stimulation of osteoclastogenesis, even though it could effectively inhibit high activity of local RAS in the bone of diabetic mice. 相似文献
67.
Interleukin-33 alleviates psoriatic inflammation by suppressing the T helper type 17 immune response
Zeyu Chen Yifan Hu Yu Gong Xilin Zhang Lian Cui Rongfen Chen Yingyuan Yu Qian Yu Youdong Chen Hongyue Diao Jia Chen Yuanyuan Wang Yuling Shi 《Immunology》2020,160(4):382-392
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with unclear pathogenesis. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is highly expressed in patients with psoriasis, but its role in psoriasis is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of IL-33 in the pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis. IL-33 expression was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining. CD4+ T cells were sorted using magnetic beads and treated with or without IL-33. Imiquimod (IMQ) was used to induce psoriatic inflammation in mice. The frequency of immune cells was determined using flow cytometry. The cytokine level in mouse skin was measured using cytometric bead array. Our results showed that IL-33 was highly expressed in the lesional skin and serum of patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. IL-33 inhibited the expression of IL-17 in CD4+ T cells of psoriasis patients. Subcutaneous injection of IL-33 alleviated the IMQ-induced psoriatic inflammation in mice, reduced tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-23 expression, and decreased the proportion of T helper type 17 (Th17) cells in the skin-draining lymph nodes in the mice. Our results suggest that IL-33 plays a protective role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis by suppressing Th17 cell differentiation and function. The potential therapeutic effect of IL-33 in treating psoriasis warrants further investigation. 相似文献
68.
Yanhong Xu Jie Mei Lianghui Diao Yuye Li Lijun Ding 《American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)》2020,84(3)
Chronic endometritis (CE) is an unusual inflammatory condition characterized by endometrial plasmacyte infiltration. It has a high prevalence in women with reproductive failure. Because of its characteristic localization patterns and molecular functions, syndecan‐1 has been identified as a biomarker of plasmacyte, and syndecan‐1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) becomes the most dependable diagnostic method for CE. In this review, we discuss the association between CE and reproductive failure, the clinicopathological characterization of CE, the function and expression of syndecan‐1, the progress of syndecan‐1 IHC in the diagnosis of CE, and the prediction of reproductive outcome. 相似文献
69.
Cumulative live birth rates of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection after multiple complete cycles in China
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《生物医学研究杂志》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Huang Lei Lu Qun Du Jiangbo Lv Hong Tao Shiyao Chen Shiyao Li Xiuzhu Han Xiumei Zhou Kun Xu Bo Liu Xiaoyu Ma Hongxia Xia Yankai Jin Guangfu Shen Hongbing Ling Xiufeng Hu Zhibin Tan Jichun Diao Feiyang 《生物医学研究杂志》2020,34(5):361-368
There were few studies of cumulative live birth rates (CLBRs) based on multicenter reproductive clinical data from the general Chinese population. Here we report a retrospective cohort study, including 14 311 women with 17 315 cycles, in three reproductive centers to evaluate two estimated parameters of CLBRs with multiple transfer cycles of in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in a Chinese population. We found that CLBRs were related to female age and endometrial thickness. By the fourth transfer cycle, the conservative and optimal estimates of CLBRs were 52.95% and 77.30% in women under 30 years of age, and 18.17% and 26.51% in those 37 years of age or older, respectively. The two estimates were 44.70% and 63.15% in women with endometrial thickness more than 7 mm, and 32.05% and 46.18% in those with less than 7 mm, respectively. In addition, body mass index (BMI), duration of infertility, and infertility diagnoses may also be related to CLBRs on certain conditions. The findings from this study on CLBRs after multiple transfer cycles of IVF/ICSI treatment on different conditions in the Chinese population should be beneficial to both infertile couples and clinicians. 相似文献
70.