医学影像存储与传输系统的流程优化

目的：集成医学影像存储与传输系统（PACS）与医院信息系统（HIS）,提高PACS的效率,提升用户的使用体验。方法：对系统应用中存在的问题进行深入分析,采用流程优化、软件优化和硬件升级的方式对PACS进行优化。结果：实现了PACS与HIS的互联,提高了PACS的整体性能,提升了用户的使用体验,扩展了PACS的应用范围。结论：确定优化方案前应深入分析现有问题,以系统流程、软件环境的优化为主,硬件设备的升级更换为辅。     

不同仰卧姿势下人体压力分布对预防压疮的影响

背景：压疮或压力溃疡是临床医学的疑难综合并发症,虽然防压疮材料及治愈压疮的药物很多,但是这些只能治标不治本,探究合理的人体压力分布对预防压疮就显得意义非凡。目的：改变仰卧姿势,实现不同人体压力分布,进而研究人体压力分布与仰卧姿势之间关系,探寻较为合理的人体压力分布。方法：对于不同床垫气压下不同仰卧姿势利用XSENSOR压力分布测试及分析系统进行体压指标的测量,通过EXCEL、MATLAB软件对实验数据汇整与分析,进而对不同仰卧姿势之间人体压力分布指标进行对比分析,并利用SPSS16.0统计分析软件对彼此体压指标之间进行t检验。结果与结论：不同仰卧姿势下彼此之间人体压力分布指标的t检验概率P均小于0.05,说明改变人体仰卧姿势对人体压力分布有重要影响。结果显示大腿抬高10°并且背部抬高0°时人体压力分布比较合理,而且全身的最大压力、足跟部的最大压力也最小,是较为理想的人体压力分布。     

A simulator for percutaneous hepatic microwave thermal ablation under ultrasound guidance

The purpose of this study was to provide a simulation therapy environment for microwave thermal ablation (MWA) under the guidance of ultrasound, and to present an inexpensive and portable simulator built on real patient-based pre-operative computed tomography (CT) data. We established an experimental simulation system for teaching MWA and present the results of a preliminary evaluation of the simulator’s realism and utility for training. The system comprises physical elements of an electromagnetic tracking device and an abdominal phantom, and software elements providing three-dimensional (3D) image processing tools, real-time navigation functions and objective evaluation function module. Details of the novel aspects of this system are presented, including a portable electromagnetic tracking device, adoption of real patient-based pre-operative CT data of liver, operation simulation of MWA, and recording and playback of the operation simulation. Patients with liver cancer were selected for evaluation of the clinical application value of the experimental simulation system. A total of 50 consultant interventional radiologists and 20 specialist registrars in radiology rated the simulator’s hardware reality and overall ergonomics. Results show that the simulator system we describe can be used as a training tool for MWA. It enables training with real patient cases prior to surgery, and it can provide a realistic simulation of the actual procedure.     

Oocyte quality in mice is affected by a mycotoxin‐contaminated diet

Mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), and aflatoxin (AF), are commonly found in many food commodities and may impair the growth and reproductive efficiency of animals and humans. We investigated the effects of a mycotoxin‐contaminated diet on mouse oocyte quality. Maize contaminated with DON (3.875 mg/kg), ZEN (1,897 μg/kg), and AF (806 μg/kg) was incorporated into a mouse diet at three different levels (0, 15, and 30% w/w). After 4 weeks, ovarian and germinal vesicle oocyte indices decreased in mycotoxin‐fed mice. Oocytes from these mice exhibited low developmental competence with reduced germinal vesicle breakdown and polar body extrusion rates. Embryo developmental competence also showed a similar pattern, and the majority of embryos could not develop to the morula stage. Actin expression was also reduced in both the oocyte cortex and cytoplasm, which was accompanied by decreased expression of the actin nucleation factors profilin‐1 and mDia1. Moreover, a large percentage of oocytes derived from mice that were fed a mycotoxin‐contaminated diet exhibited aberrant spindle morphology, a loss of the cortical granule‐free domain, and abnormal mitochondrial distributions, which further supported the decreased oocyte quality. Thus, our results demonstrate that mycotoxins are toxic to the mouse reproductive system by affecting oocyte quality. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 55:354–362, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

自制十二指肠营养管在食管癌术后早期应用的效果

目的 总结并分析食管癌术后经自制十二指肠营养管给予肠内营养的效果及护理要点.方法 对食管癌患者术后经自制十二指肠营养管给予早期肠内营养,观察使用后效果,并与静脉营养组比较.结果 肠内营养组均能耐受营养管的留置;均于术后8～10 d拔除营养管;出院时平均体重肠内营养组下降幅度明显小于静脉营养组(P<0.05);住院费用降低(P<0.05);未发生吻合口瘘及感染.结论 通过自制十二指肠营养管给予早期肠内营养,能有效防止术后鼻咽部不适,增加舒适度,减少并发症,缩短住院时间,降低住院费用,减轻了患者的负担,在临床上有很好的应用价值.