抗乙型肝炎病毒药物疗效的比较

慢性乙型肝炎治疗相当复杂,抗病毒治疗是关键.已被批准的6种抗病毒药物大多已广泛应用于临床,抗病毒治疗取得很大的进展.此文对常用的几种抗病毒药物疗效进行综述.     

西藏地区农牧民生活习俗与包囊虫病的关系调查

目的　探讨西藏地区农、牧民生活习俗与包囊虫病的关系。方法　自制问卷对 7个县 2 40个家庭 163 1名成员与包囊虫感染有关的生活习俗进行调查分析。结果　饭前便后洗手的人仅有 16 1%,餐具一般都用天然水洗 ,大部家庭用天然绵羊绒擦洗茶具。大多数人都喝过河溪水 ,池塘水 ,人人都吃半生不熟的肉 ,半数以上的吃生肉和生血肠 ,绝大多数人喝未经消毒的鲜牛、羊奶。 10 0 %家庭养狗 ,所有人员与狗、羊、牛、马接触密切。包囊虫病人占调查人数 0 43 %( 7/ 163 1) ,有典型症状者占 0 67%( 11/ 163 1)。结论　当地居民感染包囊虫与不良生活习俗有关     

中国保健食品行业的现状和发展趋势

<正>保健食品在不同的国家有不同的定义,实施不同的标准、规范和管理,中国的保健食品是由传统的养生概念扩展、衍生而来,其作用机理为:用五味之阴,养五气之阳:平衡阴阳,通经活络、调和气血、滋补脏腑、培     

医生职业用语中的伦理问题

论述了医生职业语言的基本特征，分析了诊断和治疗过程两个环节中医患语言的基本特征，总结了医生职业用语基本的伦理原则。     

Announcement

The name of one of the contributing authors to this paper was omitted from the list of authors that appeared on page 373. The correct list of authors and affiliations are printed below:     

胸腔镜下胸交感神经干切断术治疗手汗症(附300例报告)

目的总结胸腔镜胸交感神经干切断术300例的临床经验。方法分析2003年1月至2006年1月经胸腔镜胸交感神经干T_2～T_4切断术治疗手汗症的临床资料。以患侧手掌皮肤温度较术前升高1℃～3℃或更高,转干燥者为有效。手掌皮肤温度较术前增加小于1℃仍为潮湿者为无效。结果300例手术均获成功,术后患者手掌多汗症状消失,双手转为干燥温暖状,术后掌温升高(2.8±0.8)℃;282例术后随访1～36个月无一例复发,术后转移代偿性多汗60例占21.2%。结论胸交感神经干切断术是治疗手汗症安全、微创和有效的方法。     

Exogenous advanced glycosylation end products induce diabetes-like vascular dysfunction in normal rats: a factor in diabetic retinopathy

BACKGROUND. Diabetic retinopathy has been shown to be directly associated with the degree and duration of hyperglycemia, and advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) have been implicated in this pathological process. The purpose of the experiments reported here was to study the effect of AGE deposition on retinal vascular damage which leads to diabetic retinopathy. METHODS. Intravenous injection of exogenous AGEs was used to treat wild-type non-diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. One of the two retinal slides from each animal was treated using immunohistochemical staining to label retinal vascular AGE deposition, the other H&E staining for counting of capillary pericytes. The results were compared with the findings in untreated wild-type and diabetic controls and in rats treated with unmodified rat serum albumin (RSA). RESULTS. After 2 weeks of continuous treatment, AGEs were identified in the retinal vascular tissue of the AGE-RSA-injected group. The average number of retinal capillary pericytes per 10x100 microscope power field was 4.313+/-0.34 (mean +/- SD) in the AGE-RSA-injected group, compared with 5.798+/-0.481 in the control group ( P<0.01). CONCLUSION. These experiments demonstrate that AGEs, independent of other metabolic factors, can induce vascular change resembling that of diabetic retinopathy.     

Diplotypes of the human serotonin 1B receptor promoter predict growth hormone responses to sumatriptan in abstinent alcohol-dependent men.

BACKGROUND: Some studies have associated alcohol dependence (AD) with the human serotonin (5-HT)(1B) receptor (HTR1B). This investigation explored the functional responsivity of HTR1B in abstinent AD men using a sumatriptan challenge, while measuring genetic heterogeneity in the HTR1B promoter. METHODS: Abstinent AD men (n = 27) and abstinent men without any alcohol use disorder (n = 19) were administered 6 mg of sumatriptan succinate, subcutaneously. Plasma samples collected over the following 2 hours were assayed for growth hormone (GH) concentrations. His DNA was genotyped for the A-161T and T-261G polymorphisms of the HTR1B promoter and diplotypes determined. RESULTS: Integrated GH responses were predicted by interactions of AD and promoter diplotypes, as well as subject ethnicity. The final model accounted for nearly 35% of the variance in GH responses. Post hoc evaluation revealed that AD was associated with a blunting of GH secretion only among individuals with the most common HTR1B diplotype (TT/TT). CONCLUSIONS: A blunting of GH responses in abstinent AD men was observed only among those with the most common HTR1B promoter diplotype. Less common promoter diplotypes appeared protective. Controlling for genetic background is a useful augmentation of case-control pharmacological challenge strategies designed to elucidate the psychobiology of AD and other complex disorders.     

Engineering angiogenesis following spinal cord injury: a coculture of neural progenitor and endothelial cells in a degradable polymer implant leads to an increase in vessel density and formation of the blood–spinal cord barrier

Angiogenesis precedes recovery following spinal cord injury and its extent correlates with neural regeneration, suggesting that angiogenesis may play a role in repair. An important precondition for studying the role of angiogenesis is the ability to induce it in a controlled manner. Previously, we showed that a coculture of endothelial cells (ECs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) promoted the formation of stable tubes in vitro and stable, functional vascular networks in vivo in a subcutaneous model. We sought to test whether a similar coculture would lead to the formation of stable functional vessels in the spinal cord following injury. We created microvascular networks in a biodegradable two-component implant system and tested the ability of the coculture or controls (lesion control, implant alone, implant + ECs or implant + NPCs) to promote angiogenesis in a rat hemisection model of spinal cord injury. The coculture implant led to a fourfold increase in functional vessels compared with the lesion control, implant alone or implant + NPCs groups and a twofold increase in functional vessels over the implant + ECs group. Furthermore, half of the vessels in the coculture implant exhibited positive staining for the endothelial barrier antigen, a marker for the formation of the blood–spinal cord barrier. No other groups have shown positive staining for the blood–spinal cord barrier in the injury epicenter. This work provides a novel method to induce angiogenesis following spinal cord injury and a foundation for studying its role in repair.