老年病人永久起搏器置入术的护理

人工心脏起搏是通过人工心脏起搏器发放脉冲电流,通过导线和电极的传导刺激心肌,使之兴奋和收缩,从而替代正常心脏起搏点,控制心脏按脉冲电流的频率有效地搏动,随着起搏治疗的开展,使缓慢性心律失常病人的寿命得到了延长。但老年心脏病人机体的应急能力差,起搏器置人术后并发症的发生又增加了其危险性。对这些病人如何提供良好的医疗护理,使其安全渡过围手术期、随访期,是值得关注与探讨的问题。我科于2005年1月～2006年8月共收治此类病人24例,经过精心医疗护理,取得良好效果,现将护理经验报告如下。     

乳腺癌患者手术前后Lp(a)、adiponectin和TNF-α水平观察与分析

目的测定乳腺癌患者手术前后血浆脂蛋白(a)、血清adiponectin和TNF-α含量,探讨其水平变化的临床意义。方法分别用单克隆抗体浊度法和ELISA法测定了35例乳腺癌患者手术前后和38例健康女性的血浆脂蛋白(a)、血清adiponectin和TNF-α的含量。结果与健康对照组相比,乳腺癌患者手术前血浆Lp(a)和血清TNF-α增高(P<0.01),血清adiponectin降低(P<0.01);手术后乳腺癌患者血浆Lp(a)和血清TNF-α水平下降接近健康对照组,与手术前比较差异均有显著性(P<0.01);手术后乳腺癌患者血清diponectin增高,但与手术前比较差异无显著性。乳腺癌患者手术前血清adiponectin与TNF-α水平呈显著性相关(r=5748,P<0.01),手术后无显著性相关。结论血浆脂蛋白(a)、血清adiponectin和TNF-α可能在乳腺癌病变发展过程中发挥重要作用。     

2019年“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”覆盖地区学生餐剩饭状况及影响因素分析

目的:分析我国“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”覆盖地区中小学学生餐剩饭情况及影响因素。方法:2019年在“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”覆盖地区699个县中,分片选取1~3个国家试点县,共选取50个重点监测县。按照不同供餐模式,随机各抽取2所小学和2所初中作为重点监测学校。从小学三年级到初中三年级,每个年级抽取1~2个...     

死亡月分布离散程度对中国不同年龄性别人口终寿年成数的影响

目的 探讨中国不同年龄性别死亡人口月分布离散程度及终寿年成数的特点。方法 利用中国1989年全年按月死亡人口数据计算中国不同年龄性别死亡人口月分布变异系数（CV）和终寿年成数（a)。结果 CV随年龄和性别有较大变化，a较少受年龄性别的影响。结论 不同年龄性别死亡人口月分布偏离均匀分布状态的程度存在很大差异。但终寿年成数似乎不受死亡人口月分布离散程度的影响，表现出相当的稳定性。     

气血是中医的主要指标

继"气血新论"在《现代中医临床》发表后,气血的重要性越来越引起学界关注,但其在中医学中的地位还没有完全阐释清楚,需要进一步研究.指标是衡量观察目标时常用的方法,是现代医学界对健康与疾病状况的观察角度.中医学此前没有明确的指标概念.本文认为气血是中医核心理论的核心,是中医的主要观察指标和主要抓手,从以下4个方面进行阐释:...     

金昌队列人群非酒精性脂肪肝发病的影响因素分析

目的了解金昌队列人群非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)发病的影响因素,为NAFLD的预防和控制提供科学依据。方法以金昌队列基线未患脂肪肝且符合纳入标准的20051人为研究对象,通过前瞻性队列研究及Cox回归分析探讨NAFLD发病影响因素,并用限制性立方样条法研究相关生化指标与NAFLD发病风险的剂量反应关系。结果NAFLD发病密度为42.37/1000人年,多因素Cox回归分析显示,职业为工人与技术人员(工人:HR=0.84,95%CI:0.70~0.99;技术人员:HR=0.73,95%CI:0.56~0.95)、饮茶(正在饮:HR=0.86,95%CI:0.78~0.94;过去饮:HR=0.52,95%CI:0.31~0.86)、体育锻炼(偶尔:HR=0.79,95%CI:0.68~0.91;经常:HR=0.60,95%CI:0.52~0.69)、体重较轻(HR=0.10,95%CI:0.05~0.22)、奶类及奶制品摄入>300 ml/d(HR=0.78,95%CI:0.71~0.87)、HBV感染(HR=0.77,95%CI:0.60~0.99)是NAFLD的保护因素;职业为内勤服务人员(HR=1.84,95%CI:1.46~2.31)、家庭人均月收入≥2000元(2000~元:HR=1.32,95%CI:1.04~1.66;≥5000元:HR=1.72,95%CI:1.11~2.66)、文化程度为本科及以上(HR=1.35,95%CI:1.03~1.76)、超重(HR=2.31,95%CI:2.08~2.55)、肥胖(HR=3.95,95%CI:3.42~4.56)、空腹血糖受损(HR=1.31,95%CI:1.17~1.47)、糖尿病(HR=1.53,95%CI:1.30~1.80)、TC升高(HR=1.37,95%CI:1.24~1.52)、TG升高(HR=1.79,95%CI:1.62~1.98)、HDL-C降低(HR=1.29,95%CI:1.14~1.45)、ALT升高(HR=1.13,95%CI:1.01~1.26)和高脂饮食(HR=1.24,95%CI:1.11~1.40)是NAFLD的危险因素,TC、TG、HDL-C、ALT、FPG与NAFLD发病呈良好的剂量反应关系。结论职业、文化程度、家庭人均月收入、饮茶、体育锻炼、BMI、FPG、血脂、ALT、HBV、饮食与NAFLD发病有关。     

Exosomes Derived from Glioma Cells under Hypoxia Promote Angiogenesis through Up-regulated Exosomal Connexin 43

Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary brain tumor. Exosomes derived from glioma cells under a hypoxic microenvironment play an important role in tumor biology including metastasis, angiogenesis and chemoresistance. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of connexin 43 on exosomal uptake and angiogenesis in glioma under hypoxia. U251 cells were exposed to 3% oxygen to achieve hypoxia, and the expression levels of HIF-1α and Cx43, involved in the colony formation and proliferation of cells were assessed. Exosomes were isolated by differential velocity centrifugation from U251 cells under normoxia and hypoxia (Nor-Exos and Hypo-Exos), respectively. Immunofluorescence staining, along with assays for CCK-8, tube formation and wound healing along with a transwell assay were conducted to profile exosomal uptake, proliferation, tube formation, migration and invasion of HUVECs, respectively. Our results revealed that Hypoxia significantly up-regulated the expression of HIF-1α in U251 cells as well as promoting proliferation and colony number. Hypoxia also increased the level of Cx43 in U251 cells and in the exosomes secreted. The uptake of Dio-stained Hypo-Exos by HUVECs was greater than that of Nor-Exos, and inhibition of Cx43 by ^37,43gap27 or lenti-Cx43-shRNA efficiently prevented the uptake of Hypo-Exos by recipient endothelial cells. In addition, the proliferation and total loops of HUVECs were remarkably increased at 24 h, 48 h, and 10 h after Hypo-Exos, respectively. Notably, ^37,43gap27, a specific Cx-mimetic peptide blocker of Cx37 and Cx43, efficiently alleviated Hypo-Exos-induced proliferation and tube formation by HUVECs. Finally, ^37,43gap27 also significantly attenuated Hypo-Exos-induced migration and invasion of HUVECs. These findings demonstrate that exosomal Cx43 contributes to glioma angiogenesis mediated by Hypo-Exos, and suggests that exosomal Cx43 might serve as a potential therapeutic target for glioblastoma.     

The upregulated intestinal folate transporters direct the uptake of ligand-modified nanoparticles for enhanced oral insulin delivery

Transporters are traditionally considered to transport small molecules rather than large-sized nanoparticles due to their small pores. In this study, we demonstrate that the upregulated intestinal transporter (PCFT), which reaches a maximum of 12.3-fold expression in the intestinal epithelial cells of diabetic rats, mediates the uptake of the folic acid-grafted nanoparticles (FNP). Specifically, the upregulated PCFT could exert its function to mediate the endocytosis of FNP and efficiently stimulate the traverse of FNP across enterocytes by the lysosome-evading pathway, Golgi-targeting pathway and basolateral exocytosis, featuring a high oral insulin bioavailability of 14.4% in the diabetic rats. Conversely, in cells with relatively low PCFT expression, the positive surface charge contributes to the cellular uptake of FNP, and FNP are mainly degraded in the lysosomes. Overall, we emphasize that the upregulated intestinal transporters could direct the uptake of ligand-modified nanoparticles by mediating the endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of ligand-modified nanoparticles via the transporter-mediated pathway. This study may also theoretically provide insightful guidelines for the rational design of transporter-targeted nanoparticles to achieve efficient drug delivery in diverse diseases.     

异丙酚预处理对全脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织S100β和神经元特异性烯醇化酶的影响

目的探讨异丙酚预处理对全脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织S100β及神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）含量的影响，评价异丙酚对脑组织的保护作用。方法30只雄性SD大鼠，随机分为假手术组（A组）、单纯脑缺血再灌注组（B组）和缺血前2h异丙酚预处理组（C组），每组10只，C组动物在缺血前腹腔注射异丙酚100mg／kg，采用线栓法制作全脑缺血再灌注模型，于脑缺血再灌注后24h评估并记录动物的神经行为学评分，测定大鼠脑组织S100β和NSE含量。结果异丙酚预处理组神经行为学评分较单纯脑缺血再灌注组高（P〈0．05），假手术组评分也明显高于单纯脑缺血再灌注组（P〈0．05），异丙酚预处理组脑组织中S100β和NSE含量明显低于单纯脑缺血再灌注组（P〈0．05）。结论异丙酚可以降低脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脑组织S100β和NSE的含量，减轻神经损害，缺血前2h异丙酚预处理可以改善大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后的神经行为学评分，有明显的脑保护作用。     

高能聚焦超声治疗良性前列腺增生47例临床观察

目的探讨高能聚焦超声治疗良性前列腺增生的临床疗效及安全性。方法良性前列腺增生患者47例,应用FEP—BYO2型高能聚焦超声治疗机治疗,在术前、术后3、6和12个月,经直肠超声观察前列腺和前列腺部尿道的影像学变化,通过尿液分析、国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）、生活质量评分（QOL）、最大尿流率（PUR）和残余尿量（PVR）进行疗效评估,同时观察术后并发症。结果对47例进行了12个月的观察随访,术后IPSS评分和QOL评分降低,PVR减少,PUR明显提高（P〈0．01）,前列腺体积缩小（P〈0．05）。结论高能聚焦超声治疗良性前列腺增生是一种安全有效值得推荐的新方法。