三镜联合在治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石中的应用

目的 总结十二指肠镜联合腹腔镜及胆道镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的经验.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月~2012年12月应用三镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石56例的临床资料.胆囊结石均多发,直径0.6~3.5 cm.胆总管结石1~3枚,直径0.5~2.6 cm.先行内镜乳头括约肌切开术（endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST）取尽结石,2~3天行LC.如EST取石失败,立即改行LC联合腹腔镜胆总管探查术（laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE）.结果 56例手术均获得成功,其中行EST联合LC 37例,LC联合LCBDE 19例（经胆囊管探查取石8例,经胆总管探查取石并置T管引流11例）.无中转开腹及严重并发症发生.随访6~12个月,无结石复发.结论 三镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石安全可靠,创伤小,恢复快,可作为首选方式.     

普米克令舒雾化吸入治疗小儿急性感染性喉炎的疗效观察

目的探讨普米克令舒雾化吸入治疗小儿急性感染性喉炎的有效方式及临床价值。方法把2011年3月～2012年8月接受住院治疗且满足急性感染性喉炎确诊条件的92例患儿划分为甲乙两个小组,甲组接受常规治疗,乙组采用普米克令舒进行治疗。结果甲组无效13例（28．26％）,有效23例（50．00％）,显效10例（21．73％）,总有效率为71．74％。乙组无效1例（2．17％）,有效12例（26．09％）,显效33例（71．74％）,总有效率97．87％。两组治疗总有效率之间差异显著（P〈0．05）。乙组患儿采用普米克令舒进行治疗,声嘶、发热、吸气性呼吸困难、吸气性喉鸣及犬吠样咳嗽等症状消失时间较甲组有显著的减少（P〈0．05）。结论普米克令舒雾化吸人治疗小儿急性感染喉炎起效快、疗效显著,应值得推广使用。     

四肢恶性黑色素瘤28例的治疗回顾分析

目的:讨论恶性黑色素瘤的治疗方法及预后。方法:回顾分析笔者科室2008年1月~2011年12月收治的28例四肢恶性黑色素瘤患者,其中男性13例,女性15例,年龄最大者68岁,年龄最小者25岁,平均年龄43岁,发生于上肢者10例,发生于下肢者18例。所有病例均经病理证实为恶性黑色素瘤。入院后未行手术治疗者先取活检,术中切口距病灶缘约1cm,病检结果证实为恶性黑色素瘤后即行扩大切除术。已行手术者行原切口缘扩大切除术,距原切口缘3~5cm,术后行放化疗。结果:28例患者术后切口均I期甲级愈合,术后随访2年,21例患者未出现病灶复发,生存质量良好。7例因肿瘤复发或转移死亡。结论:恶性黑色素瘤患者的治疗选择扩大切除,辅以术后放化疗是一种有效的方法。     

一期植骨结合VSD治疗严重开放性Pilon骨折的疗效分析

目的 探讨一期植骨结合负压封闭引流术在治疗开放性复杂Pilon骨折中的临床疗效.方法 回顾性研究湖北医药学院附属东风总医院2010年1月-2012年1月收治的开放性复杂Pilon骨折56例,全部采用一期植骨结合负压封闭引流术,有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗,搜集术后皮瓣和软组织愈合情况、骨折愈合率、踝关节功能评分等临床资料.结果 骨折全部愈合,无创面软组织感染缺血等并发症发生.Helfer评分,优22例,良21例,可8例,差5例,优良率达到了76.8％.结论 一期植骨结合负压封闭引流术治疗严重开放性Pilon骨折可同时处理骨折复位固定、骨缺损及软组织覆盖等问题,具有操作简单、预防感染明显、骨折愈合率高和关节功能恢复良好等作用.     

The role of echocardiography in prognosis for dysfunction and abandonment of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula in elderly Chinese patients on hemodialysis

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of cardiac structure and function at baseline on the outcomes associated with arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in patients on hemodialysis (HD). Patients who initiated HD aged ≥70 years and received a mature AVF creation were included retrospectively. Echocardiographic parameters measured within 1 week before AVF creation were acquired. The observational period for each patient was from the point of AVF creation to the last time of follow-up unless AVF abandonment or death occurred. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were conducted. A total of 82 elderly Chinese HD patients with mature radiocephalic AVF (RCAVF) and EF ≥50% were analyzed. During the median study period of 26.8 (12-40) months, 42 (51.2%) experienced RCAVF dysfunction and 34 (41.5%) progressed to abandonment. Primary and cumulative patencies at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months were 81%, 73%, 48%, 38%, and 84%, 81%, 68%, 55%, respectively. Left ventricle end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) ≤103.5 mL (HR = 2.5, P = .019) and the right side of RCAVF (HR = 3.59, P = .003) significantly predicted RCAVF dysfunction. The main pulmonary artery internal diameter (MPAID) ≤21.5 mm (HR = 4.3, P = .001) as well as the right side (HR = 2.95, P = .047) were the independent predictors for RCAVF abandonment. In conclusion , LVEDV, MPAID assessed by echocardiography and the right side of RCAVF, showed significant predictive implications for the outcomes of RCAVF. Disparities among nationalities in the areas of utilization and patency of AVFs necessitate additional studies.     

基于故障树理论和eCASH理念的ICU患者镇静镇痛管理策略

目的 基于故障树理论构建ICU患者镇静镇痛管理策略,并进行应用。方法 通过故障树分析法明确镇静镇痛的现存问题,基于eCASH镇静模式,构建了统一评估工具与方法、严密监测镇静效果与再评估、加强相关培训与考核、落实镇静镇痛护理措施、镇静镇痛追踪的综合管理策略,通过半年的临床应用,明确ICU镇静镇痛管理策略的效果。结果 通过实施镇静镇痛综合管理策略,ICU机械通气患者浅镇静率达57.98%,谵妄发生率降至26.67%,平均机械通气时间由7.63 d降至6.57 d,ICU平均住院时间由8.94 d降至7.25 d,与实施前比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论 在eCASH镇静镇痛管理原则指导下,基于故障树理论构建的ICU镇静镇痛管理策略,能有效改善机械通气患者的镇静镇痛效果。     

冲击波联合富血小板血浆治疗跖筋膜炎的临床研究

目的探讨发散式体外冲击波疗法(extracorporeal shock wave therapy,ESWT)与富血小板血浆(platelet rich plasma,PRP)联合治疗慢性跖筋膜炎的临床疗效。方法前瞻性单中心随机对照研究,选取2017年1月至2018年12月因足跟痛于重庆大学附属三峡医院就诊并诊断为慢性跖筋膜炎的患者60例,其中男性19例,女性41例;年龄20~68岁,平均(44.56±10.68)岁。依照随机数字表法分为ESWT治疗组(E组)、PRP治疗组(P组)和ESWT-PRP联合治疗组(联合组),每组20例。比较三组患者治疗前及治疗结束后4、12、24周视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、改良足功能指数(revised footfunction index,FFI-R)。分别于治疗前及治疗结束后24周采用超声测量跖筋膜厚度。结果三组患者一般资料及治疗前VAS评分、FFI-R评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗结束后VAS评分、FFI-R评分均较治疗前明显改善(P<0.05)。4周时联合组及E组优于P组(P<0.05),24周时联合组及P组优于E组(P<0.05)。治疗结束24周后三组患者跖筋膜厚度较治疗前均有明显改善(P<0.05),相关性分析发现VAS评分与跖筋膜厚度存在正相关性。所有患者均未出现严重不良反应。结论采用发散式ESWT与PRP联合方案治疗慢性跖筋膜炎安全、有效、起效快、并发症少、治疗效果维持时间长,值得临床研究与推广。     

传染病专科医院新型冠状病毒肺炎护理应急管理体系构建与实施

目的构建传染病专科医院应对新型冠状病毒肺炎护理应急管理体系,并分析实施效果。方法在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发期间,迅速构建集管理、培训、调配、救护、感染防控为一体的整体化重大传染病疫情护理应急管理体系,并严格实施。结果从2020年1月21日设置新型冠状病毒肺炎发热门诊和隔离病区,至3月2日发热门诊共接诊发热患者2 330例次;隔离病区收治确诊患者58例,治愈出院56例,转院2例。无医务人员感染。结论护理应急管理体系的建立与有效实施,能够提升传染病专科医院新型冠状病毒肺炎应急救治能力。     

Migration Inhibitory Factor Enhances Inflammation via CD74 in Cartilage End Plates with Modic Type 1 Changes on MRI

Background

Type 1 Modic changes are characterized by edema, vascularization, and inflammation, which lead to intervertebral disc degeneration. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine closely related to the inflammatory cytokines detected in degenerative intervertebral disc tissues. However, the existence and role of MIF and its receptor CD74 in intervertebral disc degeneration have not been elucidated.

Questions/purposes

We asked whether (1) MIF and its receptor CD74 are expressed in cartilage end plates with Type 1 Modic changes, (2) MIF is associated with cartilage end plate degeneration, (3) the MIF antagonist (S, R)-3(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4, 5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid methyl ester (ISO-1) suppresses MIF-induced inflammatory cytokine release, and (4) inflammatory cytokines are released by cartilage end plate chondrocytes via CD74 by activating the CD74 antibody (CD74Ab).

Methods

We examined MIF and CD74 expression by human cartilage end plate chondrocytes and tissues with Type 1 Modic changes from eight patients using immunocytofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. MIF production by the chondrocytes was assessed by ELISA and PCR. We compared cytokine release by chondrocytes treated with MIF in the presence or absence of exogenous ISO-1 by ELISA. Cytokine release by chondrocytes after treatment with CD74Ab was determined by ELISA.

Results

MIF was expressed in degenerated human cartilage end plate tissues and chondrocytes. Lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) upregulated MIF expression and increased MIF secretion in chondrocytes in a dose-dependent manner. MIF increased the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in a dose-dependent manner. ISO-1 reduced the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2. CD74Ab activated CD74 and induced release of inflammatory cytokines.

Conclusions

Chondrocytes in cartilage end plate with Type 1 Modic changes express MIF and its receptor CD74. MIF might promote the inflammatory response through CD74. MIF-induced cytokine release appears to be suppressed by ISO-1, and CD74Ab could induce cytokine release.

Clinical Relevance

The MIF/CD74 pathway may represent a crucial target for treating disc degeneration since inhibiting the function of MIF with its antagonist ISO-1 can reduce MIF-induced inflammation and exert potent therapeutic effects.