Changing paradigms in clinical oncology research �� Highlights from the 2011 ASCO annual meeting and beyond

In this review, some important clinical advances presented at the 2011 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) meeting are summarized. Emerging trends in clinical oncology research are also discussed based on an analysis of the ASCO abstract database in recent years.     

疏血通联合银杏达莫治疗急性脑梗死疗效分析

目的观察疏血通联合银杏达莫治疗急性脑梗死患者的临床疗效。方法按标准选择急性脑梗死患者84例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各42例。治疗组给予疏血通联合银杏达莫治疗,对照组给予银杏达莫治疗,疗程均为14 d.观察2组临床疗效及血脂、凝血指标等的变化。结果治疗组临床疗效优于对照组（P〈0.05）,血脂、凝血指标均有明显改善（P〈0.05）。结论疏血通联合银杏达莫治疗急性脑梗死疗效确切,且安全性好。     

肝脏囊型包虫病的弥散成像及囊液分析对照研究

目的：通过对一组肝脏包虫囊肿和非寄生虫性囊肿进行弥散成像以及囊液的生化值的分析，帮助鉴别仅凭单纯影像和血清学试验无法作出肯定诊断的包虫囊肿，并进一步分析研究包虫囊肿和非寄生虫性囊肿囊液的代谢物、电解质、葡萄糖和蛋白质浓度存在差异。资料和方法：通过对29例肝脏囊型包虫病患者以及17例肝脏单纯性囊肿患者进行弥散成像，取其中20例肝脏囊性病灶囊液（其中包虫囊肿13例，非寄生虫性囊肿7例）进行电解质、葡萄糖和蛋白质浓度生化测定。结果：肝脏包虫囊肿在b值1 000 mm/s2弥散图像上ADC值低于肝脏单纯性囊肿，差异有统计学意义，13例肝脏包虫囊肿囊液中葡萄糖、钙离子浓度高于非寄生虫性囊肿，两者间差异有统计学意义。结论：通过肝脏弥散成像可以帮助鉴别包虫囊肿和单纯性囊肿，尤其是早期包虫囊肿，包虫囊肿囊液的葡萄糖含量高于单纯性囊肿，而蛋白含量两者无统计学差异，推测葡萄糖作为大分子物质吸附水分子而导致水分子弥散受限。     

Peplau人际关系理论在护士沟通能力训练中应用的效果评价

目的 评价Peplau人际关系理论对于提高护士沟通能力的影响.方法 对宁波市某三甲医院共50名护士进行了8次的Peplau人际关系理论训练,对训练前后护士的临床沟通能力进行比较.结果 训练后护士的临床沟通能力明显高于训练前,差异有统计学意义.结论 Peplau人际关系理论训练能够有效提升护士的临床沟通能力.     

Deregulated expression of DNA polymerase β is involved in the progression of genomic instability

Deregulated expression of DNA polymerase beta (pol β) has been implicated in genomic instability that leads to tumorigenesis, yet the mechanisms underlying the pol β‐mediated genetic instability remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the roles of deregulated expression of pol β in spontaneous and xenobiotic‐induced genetic instability using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) that express distinct pol β levels (wild‐type, null, and overexpression) as a model system. Three genetic instability endpoints, DNA strand breaks, chromosome breakage, and gene mutation, were examined under various expression levels of pol β by comet assay, micronuclei test, and hprt mutation assay. Our results demonstrate that neither pol β deficiency nor pol β overexpression is sufficient for accumulation of spontaneous DNA damage that promotes a hyperproliferation phenotype. However, pol β null cells exhibit increased sensitivity to exogenous DNA damaging agents with increased genomic instability compared with pol β wild‐type and overexpression cells. This finding suggests that a pol β deficiency may underlie genomic instability induced by exogenous DNA damaging agents. Interestingly, pol β overexpression cells exhibit less chromosomal or DNA damage, but display a higher hprt mutation frequency upon methyl methanesulfonate exposure compared with the other two cell types. Our results therefore indicate that an excessive amount of pol β may promote genomic instability, presumably through an error‐prone repair response, although it enhances overall BER capacity for induced DNA damage. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2012. © 2012Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial coumarins from the stems of Eurya chinensis

Two new coumarins, named (±)-euryacoumarin A (1) and 6-demethylobtusinin (2), and one new natural coumarin, named euryacoumarin B (3), along with two known compounds, scopoletin (4) and obtusinol (5), were isolated from the stems of Eurya chinensis. Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic methods and comparison with data reported in the literatures. Compound 1 exhibited significant inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells with IC₅₀ value of 35.64 ± 1.73 μM, and showed marginal antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis and B. cereus with MIC values of 50.59 ± 2.12 and 35.42 ± 0.96 μM, respectively.     

A New Procedure for Separation and Purification of Scutellarin from Erigeron multiradiatus

Objective To establish a new procedure for isolating scutellarin from Erigeron multiradiatus. Methods A proposed method was developed by combining macroporous resins with ODS column. Firstly, E. multiradiatus was extracted by ultrasound with 80% methanol. Preliminary separation was performed on macroporous resin column. The performance and adsorption characteristics of three macroporous resins, D140, D141, and D605, were compared and the enrichment procedure was optimized. Further purification was carried out by medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) with ODS column. Results It was demonstrated that D141 had better extractive effects on scutellarin. The MPLC conditions were optimized as follows: 15% ethanol aqueous as mobile phase with flow rate at 2.5 mL/min. The yield and purity of the isolated scutellarin were 1.20 mg/g and 96.5%, respectively. Conclusion The overall procedure is efficient and low-cost, which is considered suitable for the separation and purification of scutellarin from E. multiradiatus. The results provide the scientific basis for developing and using scutellarin in clinic.     

腔内泌尿外科技术处理移植肾输尿管梗阻

背景:移植肾输尿管梗阻是肾移植后最常见的并发症,传统上需采用开放手术修复,但腔内泌尿外科技术的发展和经验的积累已使内镜技术成为临床处理这类并发症的另一选择。目的:回顾性分析腔内泌尿外科技术处理移植肾输尿管梗阻的临床效果。方法:2001-02/2010-10对23例移植肾输尿管梗阻患者采用腔内技术治疗。术中采用气囊扩张或腔内切开梗阻后,留置两条双J管4~6周。术后定期随诊,行B超、肾图和肾功能检查。结果与结论:4例患者采用气囊扩张,19例采用腔内切开。术中均成功将梗阻段扩张或切开,术中和术后无并发症发生。随访6~108个月,14例输尿管引流通畅,肾功能稳定;9例梗阻复发,其中2例采用长期输尿管换管,1例永久肾造瘘,6例患者改开放手术治疗(4例成功,2例失败后采用长期输尿管换管)。提示腔内泌尿外科技术处理移植肾输尿管膀胱吻合口梗阻安全、有效,但首次内切开失败后再次腔内治疗的复发率高。