2型糖尿病的社区管理评估

目的 通过持续一年对同一目标人群社区管理前与进入社区管理后血糖及糖化血红蛋白水平的比确,确定2型糖尿病患者社区管理模式的有效性.方法 将目标人群在纳入社康中心管理前的血糖,糖化血红蛋白测定值作为对照组.将同一目标人群纳入社康中心管理后每月血糖测定结果及每三个月所测糖化血红蛋白结果作为治疗组.结果 通过2型糖尿病的社区管理,糖尿病患者无论在血糖控制水平,24 h血糖波动及糖化血红蛋白水平均与管理前有非常显著性的差异.结论 2型糖尿病是一种慢性病,对该类疾病的跟踪管理比单纯药物治疗更有效,而社康中心是管理这类慢性疾病的合适有效的平台.     

The altering in sensory sensitivity: a current issue of female breast surgery

Breast surgery is an important treatment for women with malignant breast diseases. In addition to breast appearance, the integrity of breast function is increasing in patients with breast diseases. As the basis of breast physiological function, breast skin sensitivity is important to the quality of life of patients after surgery. Breast skin sensitivity gives the patient a “real” breast feeling. The sensory recovery after breast surgery has also become one of the important goals of breast surgery. In this review, we aim to discuss the research progress on recovery of breast skin sensitivity after different treatment modalities for breast disease.     

Rational Design of a Skin- and Neuro-Attenuated Live Varicella Vaccine: A Review and Future Perspectives

Primary varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection causes varicella, which remains a prominent public health concern in children. Current varicella vaccines adopt the live-attenuated Oka strain, vOka, which retains the ability to infect neurons, establish latency and reactivate, leading to vaccine-associated zoster in some vaccinees. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a safer next-generation varicella vaccine to help reduce vaccine hesitancy. This paper reviews the discovery and identification of the skin- and neuro-tropic factor, the open reading frame 7 (ORF7) of VZV, as well as the development of a skin- and neuro-attenuated live varicella vaccine comprising an ORF7-deficient mutant, v7D. This work could provide insights into the research of novel virus vaccines based on functional genomics and reverse genetics.     

硫酸长春新碱传递体的制备及其离体透皮研究

目的:筛选制备硫酸长春新碱传递体(VCR-T)的最佳工艺,预测其作为VCR新制剂的可行性。方法:采用干膜超声法通过正交试验优化制备工艺;激光散射粒径分析仪测量粒径及其分布,透射电镜观察形态,HPLC测定包封率;改良的Franz扩散池进行体外透皮试验。结果:最优处方及工艺:卵磷脂:去氧胆酸钠为70:20,载体:VCR为45:10;pH7.3,水合30min;制备的硫酸长春新碱传递体为淡黄色透明胶体溶液,平均粒径94nm,外形圆整光滑,分布均匀,包封率为90%;以零级速率透过皮肤,24h累积透皮吸收率为63.8%。结论:VCR-T有望成为VCR临床给药的一种新给药系统。     

大鼠长期脾虚和热证造模的胃黏膜主细胞超微结构观察

目的模拟慢性病证是动物实验的主要难点。本实验观察比较大鼠长期(26周)脾虚和热证造模动物胃黏膜主细胞的超微结构。方法将Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、脾虚组、热证组。对照组正常饲养26周;脾虚组用耗气破气加饥饱失常法造模26周;热证组灌喂熟附子、肉桂、干姜、女贞子煎剂26周。另取幼年大鼠为幼年组作为对照。实验结束后取胃体后壁组织,透射电镜观察胃黏膜主细胞超微结构。结果对照组主细胞粗面内质网排列基本整齐,部分内质网池略呈小泡状扩张。脾虚组主细胞粗面内质网池扩张,从小泡状至池状之间,甚至呈湖状。胞质内出现髓鞘样小体或髓鞘样结构。热证组主细胞粗面内质网池扩张,呈小泡状,失去正常的同心性层状结构。幼年组主细胞粗面内质网排列比较整齐。结论热证组和脾虚组动物胃黏膜主细胞超微结构均有变化,以脾虚组更为严重。由于实验时间较长,实验结束时大鼠已近1岁龄,所以对照组动物胃黏膜主细胞超微结构也略有衰老改变。     

关附壬素在Caco-2细胞上的摄取特性研究

目的:研究关附壬素在Caco-2细胞上的摄取特性.方法:采用液相色谱质谱联用(LC-MS)测定法,COSMOSIL C18柱(150 mm×2.0mm,5μm),流动相:乙腈-水(含0.2％冰乙酸)30∶70,流速0.2 mL· min-1,电喷雾离子化(ES1)方式,采用选择性离子检测法,检测离子为正离子,关附壬素的选择性离子:[M+H],m/z 388.考察了温度、药物浓度、时间和pH对关附壬素在Caco-2细胞上摄取的影响.结果:关附壬素在0.2～50.0μmol·L-1内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9967),最低定量限为0.2 μmol·L-1.关附壬素在Caco-2细胞上的摄取具有一定的浓度、时间和pH依赖性.结论:该方法灵敏、操作简单,选择性强,关附壬素在Caco-2细胞上摄取良好,其摄取表现为被动扩散.     

Exploring the mechanism of Buyang Huanwu decoction in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD), as one of the traditional Chinese medicine formulas, is widely used in the clinical treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with curative effect. It has the characteristics of multi-component, multi-target, and mutual synergy, but the mechanism of action is often unclear. It needs some research to explore the molecular mechanism of BYHWD in the treatment of LDH based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Screen the active compounds of BYHWD and predict drug-related gene/protein targets, which could determine the specific target of BYHWD in the treatment of LDH. Construct the “Drugs-Compounds-Targets” network and search for the core targets. Use Gene Ontology functional enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, and molecular docking verification to explore the possible molecular mechanism. Eighty-two effective compounds and 666 targets of BYHWD, 187 targets for LDH treatment, and 20 core candidate targets were excavated. A total of 3414 entries were identified by Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, 173 related signal pathways were identified by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, and 5 core compounds were identified by molecular docking, which had a good affinity with core genes STAT3, JUN, AKT1, MAPK1, RELA, and PIK3CA. BYHWD may play the role of analgesic and improving function by synergistic anti-inflammatory and analgesic compounds, regulating cell metabolic differentiation, regulating immunity, and anticoagulation. BYHWD in the treatment of LDH may play a role in analgesia and improve function through multiple signaling pathways, including PI3K-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-17. The PI3K-Akt signaling may be one of the key mechanisms.     

Aquaporin-4 gene disruption in mice protects against impaired retinal function and cell death after ischemia

PURPOSE: Water channel aquaporin (AQP)-4 is expressed in Muller cells in retina, which are similar to astroglial cells in the central nervous system, where AQP4 deletion protects against cytotoxic brain edema after cerebral ischemia. A transient ischemia-reperfusion model was used to determine whether AQP4 deletion in mice protects the retina. METHODS: Retinal function and morphology were assessed in wild-type versus AQP4-deficient mice after ischemic damage produced by a 45- to 60-minute elevation of intraocular pressure to 120 mm Hg. Retinal function was assessed by electroretinography, and retinal structure by light microscopy. Extracellular space (ECS) size in fluorescently stained retinal slices was assessed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. RESULTS: Retinal function and cell survival were significantly improved in AQP4-deficient mice in both inbred (C57/bl6) and outbred (CD1) genetic backgrounds. By electroretinography, b-wave amplitude was reduced by 75% to 83% at 1 to 4 days after ischemia in wild-type mice versus 48% to 51% in AQP4-null CD1 mice. Reductions were 53% to 72% versus <34% in C57/bl6 mice. Retinal structure and cell count were preserved in AQP4-null mice, particularly in the inner nuclear and plexiform layers of the retina, where Müller cells are concentrated. At 4 days after ischemia, inner retinal thickness was thinned by 43% in wild-type mice versus 11% in AQP4-null mice. Several mechanisms for retinal protection were investigated, including ECS expansion, reduced early swelling, and altered Kir4.1 K(+) channel expression. CONCLUSIONS: AQP4 deletion in mice is neuroprotective in a transient ischemia model of retinal injury, suggesting the possible use of AQP4 inhibitors in retinal vascular occlusive and ischemic diseases.     

尼卡地平静脉点滴用于妊娠期高血压急症紧急降压的疗效观察

目的 观察静脉用尼卡地平治疗孕期高血压急症的降压效果及对母婴的安全性。方法 观察16例妊娠期高血压急症病人接受静点尼卡地平治疗,心电监护仪观察24h动态血压、心率并评价其稳定性,电子监护仪监测胎心率用药前后变化,B超测定脐动脉血流S/D值并对新生儿进行Apgar评分、出生体重及新生儿预后的分析,了解其安全性。结果 全部患者静点尼卡地平后5～40min内血压可降至预期血压(140～150/90～100)mmHg,并能保持血压平稳。血压下降初始可伴心率加快,但多无症状,2h内即恢复。治疗前后胎心监护、胎儿脐血流无明显改变。结论 尼卡地平用于重度妊高症降压治疗是有效的,可平稳维持血压,未发现有严重不良反应,对胎儿安全性与其他钙拮抗剂相似。