选择性深低温血流阻断猴海马超微结构和波形蛋白表达的变化**

背景：前期研究显示,选择性深低温顺行脑灌注能提高猴脑对缺血缺氧的耐受性。 目的：观察选择性深低温血流阻断对猴海马超微结构和波形蛋白表达的影响。 方法：将8只健康成年恒河猴随机分为两组：深低温组(n=5)在常温下阻断猴双侧颈总动脉及颈内静脉10 min,然后通过一侧颈内动脉灌注4 ℃林格氏液,同侧颈内静脉回流,使脑温维持在18 ℃以下,60 min后恢复脑血流;常温组(n=3)除灌注液改为37 ℃林格氏液外,其余与深低温组相同。 结果与结论：深低温组猴全部成功复苏,海马组织形态及超微结构未见明显异常。常温组猴全部死亡,未能成功复苏,海马组织形态及超微结构有不同程度异常。与常温组比较,深低温组海马波形蛋白表达显著降低(P < 0.01)。说明阻断双侧颈总动脉10 min后行选择性深低温顺行脑灌注可下调海马波形蛋白表达,保护海马组织,减轻脑缺血损害。     

骨髓基质细胞促进永久性局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑室下区的神经发生

目的 探讨移植骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)对永久性局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑室下区(SVZ)细胞增殖的影响及其增殖细胞类型分析. 方法制作永久性局灶性脑缺血大鼠模型,分为空白对照组(MCAO)、PBS对照组(MCAO PBS)和治疗组(MCAO BMSCs),每组动物再分为脑缺血后7d和14d亚组.空白对照组不予处理,PBS对照组在脑缺血后1d移植PBS,治疗组在脑缺血后1d移植BMSCs.用Zausinger六分法检测神经功能恢复情况;注射5-溴脱氧鸟嘧啶核苷(BrdU)标记SVZ的新增殖细胞,免疫荧光双重标记检测新增殖细胞的类型. 结果在脑缺血后7d和14d,与两个对照组相比,治疗组的神经功能评分较高,有显著性差异(P<0.05);脑缺血后14d,治疗组的大鼠患侧SVZ的BrdU阳性细胞较其余两组高,存在显著差异(P<0.05);免疫荧光双重标记显示,新增殖细胞表达神经元和星形胶质细胞的标志物,提示新增殖细胞为神经元和神经胶质细胞的混合体. 结论 BMSCs可以改善永久性局灶性脑缺血大鼠的神经功能,其机制可能与促进SVZ的神经细胞增殖有关.     

Breast carcinoma with micropapillary features: clinicopathologic study and long-term follow-up of 100 cases

To study the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of invasive micropapillary carcinoma of breast (IMPC), 100 cases of invasive breast carcinoma with an IMPC component were reviewed. Compared with invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified, with similar histologic grades, carcinomas with IMPC were larger sized, had a higher lymph node metastasis rate with more nodes involved per case, and exhibited increased lymphovascular invasion. The presence of IMPC strongly correlated with the more aggressive behavior. No significant association was established between the proportion of the IMPC component and overall tumor size, histologic grade, lymph node metastasis rate, and distant metastasis, but a trend was noted. Long-term follow-up demonstrated a poorer 5-year and 10-year survival rate for patients with breast carcinoma containing an IMPC component. Breast carcinomas with micropapillary features are more aggressive tumors with a poorer prognosis. This specific structure should be carefully evaluated in the surgical pathology examination of breast carcinoma specimens.     

Classification of duck hepatitis virus into three genotypes based on molecular evolutionary analysis

The nucleotide sequences of the complete VP1, VP0, VP3, and partial 3D regions of seven duck hepatitis virus (DHV) serotype 1 (DHV-1) strains isolated in China between 2001 and 2007 and one DHV-1 strain originally obtained from ATCC were determined and compared with previously available DHV sequences in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of VP1 sequences demonstrated three distinct genetic groups. There was an excellent concordance among the genetic groups assigned based on the complete VP0, VP3, and the partial 3D regions. In view of the growing importance of molecular techniques in diagnosis, we propose that the three genetic groups should be termed DHV types A, B, and C. All DHV-1 strains grouped in genotype A, whereas the new serotype strains isolated in Taiwan and the new serotype strains isolated in South Korea clustered into genotypes B and C, respectively, suggesting a potential genetic correlates of serotype. In pairwise comparisons of complete VP1, VP0, and VP3 nucleotide and amino acid sequences and the partial 3D nucleotide sequence, DHVs of the same genotype were clearly distinguished from those of heterologous genotypes. Analysis of the amino acid sequences of the three capsid proteins demonstrated the presence of conserved elements that form the eight-stranded beta-barrel structures, as well as intervening domains that vary in sequence between strains of different genotypes as seen in other picorna viruses.     

STAg联合ESA鼻内免疫小鼠对弓形虫垂直传播的阻断作用

观察弓形虫可溶性速殖子抗原（Soluble tachyzoite antigen,STAg）与排泄-分泌抗原（Excreted/secreted antigens,ESA）单独或联合鼻内免疫小鼠对弓形虫垂直传播的阻断作用。分别用PBS 20μL和STAg 20μg、ESA 20μg及联合抗原（STAg 10μg＋ESA 10μg）鼻内免疫BALB/c处女鼠2次,间隔2周。末次免疫后第13天处女鼠与雄鼠以2∶1同居。妊娠第8天用弓形虫速殖子（8000个/只）灌胃攻击所有孕鼠。妊娠第18天处死,计算活胎率,并测定孕鼠肝、胎盘和胎鼠脑组织弓形虫抗原和孕鼠脾组织内虫荷,同时测定孕鼠小肠冲洗液SIgA、血清IgG水平。结果表明,ESA组和联合抗原组活胎率显著高于PBS组,STAg组、ESA组和联合抗原组胎盘及胚胎感染率均低于PBS组,联合抗原组最低。孕鼠在弓形虫速殖子攻击后,PBS组明显出现竖毛、倦怠、腹部塌陷等异常表现,感染率为100%,死亡率为22.22%,而STAg组、ESA组和联合抗原组有轻微症状,感染率分别为85.71%、57.14%、57.14%,死亡率分别为16.67%、0%、0%。STAg组、ESA组和联合抗原组脾组织内虫荷均显著低于PBS组,减虫率分别为72.19%、72.29%、78.45%,ESA组和联合抗原组小肠冲洗液特异性SIgA均显著高于PBS组,联合抗原组最高,血清特异性IgG抗体水平差异不显著。由此可见,ESA单独或与STAg联合免疫可诱导孕鼠小肠液高水平SIgA,显著降低脾组织虫荷,显著提高胚胎存活率,表现出明显的垂直传播阻断的作用。     

基于希尔伯特黄熵的麻醉深度估计

麻醉深度监测是外科手术中必不可少的步骤之一。目前已经提出多种监测麻醉深度的脑电信号分析方法,尤其熵方法得到了广泛的关注。提出一种新的麻醉深度监测方法-希尔伯特黄熵,先用经验模态分解—希尔伯特黄变换处理脑电信号获取希尔伯特黄边际谱,再根据香农熵定义得到希尔伯特黄熵。对19个接受吸入药物七氟醚麻醉的病人脑电信号的希尔伯特黄熵和时频均衡谱熵进行计算、测试和比较,结果表明：希尔伯特黄熵能够更准确的区分麻醉和清醒状态,更适合于麻醉深度监测。     

骨髓基质细胞移植促进脑缺血大鼠海马巢蛋白的表达

目的:探讨移植骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)对永久性局灶性脑缺血大鼠海马巢蛋白表达的影响。方法:制备永久性局灶性脑缺血大鼠模型,分为PBS对照组和治疗组,再将每组动物随机均分为脑缺血后7d和14d亚组。PBS对照组在脑缺血后1d注射PBS,治疗组在脑缺血后第1日移植BMSCs。Zausinger六分法检测神经功能恢复情况;免疫组织化学方法检测大鼠海马的巢蛋白表达。结果:在脑缺血后第7日和第14日两个时相点,治疗组的神经功能评分均较高,与PBS对照组之间存在显著性差异;齿状回的颗粒细胞下层、颗粒细胞层和海马锥体细胞层均有巢蛋白表达,在脑缺血后第14日,治疗组的大鼠患侧海马的巢蛋白阳性细胞较对照组表达高,存在显著性差异。结论:BMSCs可以改善脑缺血大鼠的神经功能;促进海马内神经干细胞或反应性星形胶质细胞增殖可能为其修复缺血脑损伤的机制之一。     

正交电子束和X射线照射野衔接的剂量学分析

正交电子野和光子野衔接区域,一定会有剂量热点和冷点出现,剂量分布不均匀程度与治疗机的物理参数直接相关.本文通过测量了Elekta Precise 治疗机和Elekta Synergy 治疗机X射线和电子线的部分剂量学参数,对正交电子束和X(γ)射线照射野的衔接区域内的剂量分布的不均匀程度进行了定量分析,提出用扩展光子野半影的方法来降低剂量分布的不均匀程度,比较了不同治疗机条件下衔接区域内的剂量分布.结果表明,无论是在未扩展光子野半影的情况下,还是在扩展了光子野半影的情况下,与使用Elekta Precise 治疗机相比,使用光子射野半影较小的Elekta Synergy 治疗机,电子野与光子野衔接区域内的剂量不均匀程度更强.     

卵泡抑素在爪蟾胚胎发育过程中的时空表达模式及在早期心形成过程中的作用

目的:研究爪蟾胚胎发育过程中卵泡抑素基因的时空表达模式及其在心形成过程中的作用.方法:收集发育过程中从第10～32期不同阶段的胚胎,MEMPHA固定并进行胚胎整体原位杂交.切下发育第14期形成心的胚胎组织加入卵泡抑素进行培养,检查了早期心形成过程中的转录因子及特异性标记物Nkx2.5的变化.利用Morpholin Oligo技术减弱卵泡抑素表达,也检查了Nkx2.5的变化.结果:在胚胎发育过程中卵泡抑素开始表达在脊索前中胚层和脊索中胚层.随着发育的进行,卵泡抑素的表达覆盖了脑和整个脊索.另外,卵泡抑素也表达在前肾、心形成区和血岛;过量或缺乏卵泡抑素均影响心形成区Nkx2.5的表达.结论:卵泡抑素参与胚胎早期神经系统、前肾、心和血岛的形成并在心的形成过程中起了十分重要的作用.     

The SCARB1 rs5888 SNP and Serum Lipid Levels in the Guangxi Mulao and Han Populations

Backgroud: The associations of scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SCARB1) rs5888 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and serum lipid levels are inconsistant among diverse ethnic populations. The present study was undertaken to detect the association of rs5888 SNP and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Mulao and Han populations.Methods: Genotypes of the SCARB1 rs5888 SNP in 801 subjects of Mulao and 807 subjects of Han Chinese were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis, and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Results: Serum apolipoprotein (Apo) B levels and the T allelic frequency were higher in Mulao than in Han. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in Mulao were different among the genotypes, the subjects with TT genotype had lower HDL-C levels than the subjects with CC or CT genotype in female (P < 0.05). For the Han population, serum triglyceride (TG), HDL-C, ApoAI, ApoB levels and the ratio of ApoAI to ApoB in males were different among the genotypes, the T allele carriers had lower serum HDL-C, ApoAI levels and ApoAI/ApoB ratio and higher serum ApoB levels than the T allele noncarriers (P < 0.05 for all), the subjects with TT genotype had higher serum TG levels than the subjects with CC or CT genotype. Serum HDL-C levels in Mulao females and serum HDL-C, ApoAI, ApoB levels and the ApoAI/ApoB ratio in Han males were correlated with genotypes by the multiple linear regression analysis. Serum lipid parameters were also influenced by genotype-environmental interactions in Han but not in Mulao populations.Conclusions: These results suggest that the rs5888 SNP is associated with serum HDL-C levels in Mulao females, and TG, HDL-C, ApoAI, ApoB levels and the ApoAI/ApoB ratio in Han males. The differences in serum ApoB levels between the two ethnic groups might partially attribute to different SCARB1 genotype-environmental interactions.