Effect of metformin on Schwann cells under hypoxia condition

Metformin, which is the first-line drug for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2, has been proved to possess beneficial effects on nerve regeneration in many studies. However, the underlying mechanism is currently unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the potential beneficial effect of metformin on SCs under hypoxia condition, which is a biological process at the injury site. The cell number and cell viability of SCs were examined using fluorescence observation and MTT assay. The migration of SCs was evaluated using a Transwell chamber. The expression and secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) in SCs were assayed by RT-PCR and ELISA method. The results showed that metformin could help SCs recover from hypoxia injury and inhibit hypoxia-induced apoptosis. In addition, metformin could partially reverse the detrimental effect of hypoxia on cell number, viability, migration and adhesion. Metformin is also capable of maintaining the biological activities of SCs after hypoxia injury, such as increasing the expression and secretion of BDNF, NGF, GDNF, and N-CAM. Further studies showed that pre-incubation with AMPK (5’-AMP-activated protein kinase) inhibitor Compound C might partially inhibit the effect of metformin mentioned above, indicating the possible involvement of AMPK pathway in the beneficial effects of metformin on peripheral nervous system. In conclusion, metformin is capable of alleviating hypoxia-induced injury to SCs and AMPK pathway might be involved in this process.     

Effect of tumor-associated macrophages on gastric cancer stem cell in omental milky spots and lymph node micrometastasis

We observed whether the effect of tumor-associated macrophages on gastric cancer stem cell in omental milky spots and lymph nodes micrometastasis and research its possible mechanism. Macrophage THP-1 cells and Human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells were collectively cultivated in vivo. We found macrophage could suppress the proliferation and accelerated cell death of MFC cell. Meanwhile, these effects may be concerned with many signaling pathways, and we detected MCP-1 and COX-2 miRNA expressions, PGE-2 release levels, IL-4 and IL-10 activities, and TGF-β, IFN-γ, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expressions in collectively cultivated cell. We found that MCP-1 and COX-2 miRNA expressions, and PGE-2 release levels were suppressed, IL-4 activity was inhibited and IL-10 activity was activated in collectively cultivated cell. Meanwhile, TGF-β, MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expressions were inhibited and IFN-γ and VEGF protein expressions were activated in collectively cultivated cell. Taken together, these results suggest that the effect of tumor-associated macrophages on gastric cancer stem cell in omental milky spots and lymph nodes micrometastasis via COX-2/PGE-2/TGF-β/VEGF signal pathways.     

Basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland: clinical and pathological findings in 29 cases

Objective: To determine the clinical and pathological features of basal cell adenoma (BCA) of the parotid gland. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 29 parotid BCAs in 28 patients who underwent surgery at the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, between October 2000 and June 2013. The tumors were categorized according to their location in the parotid gland as superior superficial lobe, inferior superficial lobe and deep lobe. Results: The mean age was 57.0 years (range, 32-83 years). The clinical manifestations of parotid BCAs were consistent with those of other benign parotid tumors. There were no significant differences in age, average disease duration and tumor size among the three tumor groups. There were 11 deep tumors (11/29, 37.9%), and five of them exhibited cystic degeneration (5/11, 45.5%). A total of 15 patients underwent FNAB examination, and the results were positive in seven patients (7/15, 46.7%). Mild facial nerve function impairment occurred in five patients (House-Brackmann grade II), of whom, three had recovered by the 6-month follow-up. No cases of local recurrence or malignant transformation were observed during follow-up. Conclusion: The clinical features of BCA are consistent with those of other benign tumors. The deep lobe of the parotid gland is more likely to develop BCAs, and thus, this diagnosis should be considered in patients with deep-lobe tumors, especially when accompanied with cystic degeneration. FNAB can increase the rate of preoperative diagnoses.     

不同剂量氯胺酮对兔严重烧伤早期全身炎症反应的影响

目的：比较不同剂量氯胺酮对严重烧伤兔早期炎性细胞因子的影响,初步探讨其对创伤应激早期炎症反应的调节作用。方法选择健康雄性新西兰兔40只,按随机数字表法分正常对照组、烫伤模型组、氯胺酮镇痛组和氯胺酮麻醉组。烫伤前用戊巴比妥钠麻醉后分别经颈内静脉和颈内动脉置管备用,24 h后制备兔背部和臀部30%Ⅲ度烫伤模型,氯胺酮镇痛组于伤后0.5 h静脉注射（静注）氯胺酮负荷量0.5 mg/kg,然后持续静脉泵注氯胺酮9μg·kg-1·min-1共24 h;氯胺酮麻醉组伤后0.5 h静注氯胺酮1.5 mg/kg,然后持续静脉泵注氯胺酮45μg·kg-1·min-1共4 h维持全身麻醉;正常对照组和模型组仅给予静脉输液处理。记录各组补液量及氯胺酮镇痛组和麻醉组的氯胺酮总用量。分别于烫伤前和烫伤后0.5、6、12、24 h进行动脉血气分析,并检测血清白细胞介素（IL-1、IL-6）及肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平。结果4组血气分析指标虽然有所变化,但均在正常范围,说明呼吸功能在正常范围,间接反映循环功能也在正常范围,排除了呼吸和循环功能因素的影响对细胞因子的评判。4组烫伤前IL-1、IL-6及TNF-α水平比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。伤后0.5 h起,烫伤模型组IL-1（ng/L：30.27±0.93比13.79±1.11）、IL-6（ng/L：47.22±1.49比46.31±4.12）及TNF-α（ng/L：243.39±20.85比190.95±14.97）水平即均显著高于正常对照组（均P＜0.05）,并持续到伤后24 h;伤后6 h起氯胺酮镇痛组和麻醉组上述指标均较烫伤模型组明显降低,于伤后12 h起氯胺酮镇痛组上述指标的降低程度较氯胺酮麻醉组更显著〔IL-1（ng/L）：19.28±2.51比40.12±10.31,IL-6（ng/L）：52.10±4.23比72.20±10.11, TNF-α（ng/L）：246.03±20.74比313.71±27.34,均P＜0.05〕。结论小剂量氯胺酮镇痛和氯胺酮麻醉对兔严重烧伤后早期炎性细胞因子的表达和释放有一定抑制作用,且长时间小剂量氯胺酮镇痛效果更明显。     

杨浦区ICU鲍曼不动杆菌污染之现况调查

目的了解鲍曼不动杆菌在杨浦区医院重症监护室(ICU)中的污染情况,探索有效的控制措施。方法按照《医院消毒技术规范》的要求,对ICU医务人员手及物体表面进行环境卫生学监测采样。对采取的597份样本进行鲍曼不动杆菌检测分析,了解其在ICU的分布情况。结果 79份标本检测出鲍曼不动杆菌,阳性率达13.23%。所采样对象中除护士手外其余均不同程度地检出了鲍曼不动杆菌。三级综合医院ICU鲍曼不动杆菌的污染率明显高于三级专科医院和二级综合医院。结论为减少ICU鲍曼不动杆菌的污染,应加强对医务人员的培训,增强医院感染的预防观念,掌握并实施正确的手卫生方法,做好患者隔离工作,加强病房的卫生管理和环境消毒措施,从而减少医院感染的发生。     

中西医结合治疗幽门螺杆菌感染相关性消化性溃疡疗效分析

目的:观察并分析中西医结合治疗幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter Pylori,HP)感染相关性消化性溃疡疗效;方法:将120例HP阳性的消化性溃疡的患者随机分为2组,每组各60例,对照组予三联疗法(雷贝拉唑肠溶片、左氧氟沙星分散片、阿莫西林胶囊)联合治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上联合中药治疗。观察2组患者治疗前后中医症候改善情况并于治疗后8 w检测2组患者的HP感染情况。结果:中西医结合治疗组HP根除率为83.3%,三联疗法对照组HP根除率为61.7%;中医症候改善情况中西医结合治疗组优于三联疗法组,中西医结合治疗组优于单纯三联疗法组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:中西医结合治疗幽门螺杆菌相关性消化性溃疡临床疗效好,值得推广。     

我国居民中医药科普知识认知情况调查研究?

目的：了解我国居民对中医药科普知识的认知情况,为中医药科普工作提供合理化建议。方法在参考政府指南和有关研究的基础上,自行设计调查问卷并在全国随机发放1800份,回收1486份,共得有效问卷1050份。调查内容涉及性别、年龄等7项基本信息和中医学科属性、中医学科优势、人体生命规律等17项中医药科普知识。建立数据库,采用SPSS 20.0统计软件进行数据分析,分别统计各项中医药科普知识认知情况的均值和标准差值,进行正态分布和方差齐性检验,采用单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA),组间两两比较,若方差齐者使用LSD检验,方差不齐则使用Tamhane’ T2法。结果我国居民对中医药科普知识总体认知水平比较有限,17项中医药科普知识的总认知程度均值为2.07,标准差值为0.53;认知程度均值最高的是服药注意事项2.47;认知程度均值最低的是五行学说为1.78。年龄组间分析显示,40~49岁组人群最低(33.04);教育程度对我国居民的中医药科普知识认知程度有显著影响,“未上过学”和“高中学历”2组,分别与相邻组间的认知水平差异最为显著;职业组间分析显示,学生组认知程度最高,与农民组的差异最为显著( P<0.001,均值差=6.125);家庭月均收入组间分析显示,5000~9999元/月组与1000~4999元/月组间差异最为显著( P<0.001,均值差=2.870);健康状况变化程度(1年内)组间分析显示,自述“好一些”组与“差多了”组间差异最为显著( P<0.001,均值差=7．058)。结论我国居民中医药科普知识认知水平较低,亟需改善中医药科普认知现状。中医药科普内容应当系统化,加强中医思想和基本理论的普及是重点。中医药科普工作需更加深入基层,充分发挥其改善公众健康总体水平的社会公益作用。中医药科普知识认知水平量化评价方法有待完善。     

铜绿假单胞菌外膜蛋白F原核载体构建、表达条件优化及免疫保护作用研究

目的 构建并鉴定铜绿假单胞菌(PA)外膜蛋白F(OprF)原核表达载体,分析OprF蛋白免疫保护作用,优化OprF蛋白诱导表达条件.方法 通过分子克隆获得OprF蛋白的表达菌株.利用切胶纯化获得OprF蛋白,免疫小鼠,通过PA攻毒实验分析OprF蛋白免疫保护作用.采用正交试验,获得OprF菌株的最佳表达条件与培养条件.结果 OprF重组载体双酶切、DNA测序鉴定结果与预测一致.Western blot检测表明抗体能与OprF蛋白结合.OprF蛋白对小鼠保护率达64.29％.OprF菌株最佳诱导表达条件为:加IPTG终浓度0.1mmol/L,诱导时菌液OD600值1.0,温度32℃,诱导时间8h;最佳培养条件为:转速230 r/min,葡萄糖浓度为0％,装液量50 ml.结论 获得OprF表达菌株最佳的表达条件与培养条件;验证OprF蛋白对小鼠PA感染有免疫保护作用.     

经皮颈内静脉长期导管在老年维持性血液透析患者中的临床应用

目的：探讨经皮颈内静脉长期导管在老年维持性血液透析患者中的应用及其常见并发症的防治。方法对2009年12月至2012年12月在中南大学湘雅医院行经皮颈内静脉长期置管的15例维持性血液透析老年患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,观察置管术后情况、导管的使用情况、常见并发症的防治、透析充分性评价等。结果（1）实施颈内静脉长期置管18例次,其中3例为重新置管,置管成功率100%。（2）导管相关并发症：2例患者术后1周内出现置管处局部渗血;1例出现导管出口感染,2例发生导管相关性血流感染;3例患者出现导管血栓形成;2例诊断导管纤维鞘形成;1例因人为损坏出现导管破裂。经过相应处理后均使问题得到解决。（3）导管使用期限：本组患者长期导管使用时间为4～41个月,除1例死亡（原因为脑出血）,3例为重新置管,余患者仍继续使用。（4）透析充分性评价：15例患者平均尿素下降率为72%,平均尿素清除指数达1.54。结论对于血管条件差无法建立动静脉内瘘的老年血透患者,使用颈内静脉长期导管行血液透析可以达到充分透析;提高置管及导管护理技术、加强健康宣教,能延长导管使用年限,减少导管并发症。