4-Aminopyridine induces the release of neuropeptide Y (NPY) to produce an atropine- and tetrodotoxin-resistant contraction in rabbit isolated jejunum

4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) induced an atropine- and tetrodotoxin (TTX)-insensitive contraction (resistant contraction), in a concentration-dependent manner, in the isolated jejunum of rabbits. The failure of specific antagonists of histamine, serotonin and substance P to affect this resistant contraction ruled out the participation of histamine, serotonin and/or substance P. Antiserum against neuropeptide Y (NPY) reduced this resistant contraction in a concentration-dependent manner and inhibited the action of 4-AP totally at a high concentration (1.25% dilution) whereas normal serum lacked this ability. This suggested that the release of NPY was involved in this 4-AP-induced resistant contraction. Radioimmunoassay of NPY-like immunoreactivity in isolated synaptosomal preparations indicated that 4-AP possessed the ability to induce the release of NPY. However, guanethidine did not affect the actions of 4-AP, indicating that NPY is released mainly from non-adrenergic nerves. Our results indicate that 4-AP induces the release of NPY from non-adrenergic nerves to produce an atropine- and TTX-resistant contraction in the isolated jejunum of rabbits.     

Monokines produced by macrophages stimulate the growth of osteoblasts

We have previously reported that the J774A.1 macrophage-like tumor cell line produces two potent monokines which stimulate the growth of osteoblasts and chondrocytes. These growth factors, which have an affinity for heparin-agarose, have been termed HEP I (a 30 Kd PDGF-like molecule) and HEP II (an approximately 20 Kd molecule), respectively, based on their elution profile. Unlike HEP I, HEP II does not stimulate the growth of fibroblasts. Extensive biological and chromatographic studies disclosed that HEP II appears to be a unique bone cell mitogen unlike any known growth factor, including the FGFs, IL-1s, and TNFs, EGF, IGF-I and -II, TGF-beta, beta 2 microglobulin, G-CSF, CSF-1 and GM-CSF. To characterize more fully the effects of the macrophage-derived monokines on osteoblast growth and function, clones were derived from calvaria explant cultures. Two clones, SDFRC-2.05 and SDFRC-3, were developed and found to exhibit osteoblastic characteristics, including high levels of alkaline phosphatase, synthesis of type I but not type III collagen, and an increased intracellular cAMP production in response to PTH. The SDFRC-3 cells exhibited a polygonal morphology like that of the explant-derived cells while SDFRC-2.05 cells exhibited a more fibroblastic morphology. When tested on the explant cultures and clones, HEP I and HEP II were found to stimulate DNA synthesis and increase protein per culture, but decreased alkaline phosphatase activity. Clone SDFRC-3 was found to be more responsive to HEP II than clone SDFRC-2.05. Both monokines were found to be more potent mitogens for bone cells than TGF-beta. HEP II, but not HEP I or TGF-beta, induced a transformation of bone cells from a polygonal to a fibroblastic morphology, suggesting the induction of migration prior to proliferation. Thus, macrophages may be responsible not only for bone repair but also for ensuring the linkage of bone formation to resorption during physiological remodeling.     

游离背阔肌皮瓣修复四肢肿瘤切除后创面

我院骨科组于1985年5～10月份为4例患下肢高分化低度恶性肿瘤的病人,在化疗的配合下施行肿瘤局部大块切除,吻合血管的背阔肌肌皮瓣移植修复创面等综合治疗,早期获得了满意的效果.4例病人中有2例患小腿软骨肉瘤,1例小腿脂肪肉瘤和1例髋部纤维肉瘤.背阔肌肌皮瓣较适用于修复软组织缺损大的创面,其大而扁平的肌肉部分几乎能完全覆盖缺损,外形亦常较满意.     

The use of axial-pattern cutaneous and musculocutaneous flap transposition in the reconstruction of deep burns

From June 1979 to July 1987, 84 acute burned patients with localized deep wounds involving tendon, nerve, vessel, bone and joint were treated by utilising 26 types of island axial-pattern cutaneous or musculocutaneous flaps. All flaps survived completely with a primary healing rate of 91.4%. All patients were divided into 'urgent' (within 48 hours), 'early' (within 2 weeks), or 'infected' groups according to the time interval between the burn injury and the surgery conducted. The primary healing rates for each groups were 100%, 94%, and 86% respectively. No significant differences exist between the axial-pattern cutaneous flap and musculo-cutaneous groups. The measures for minimizing infection including thorough debridement, groups. The measures for minimizing infection including thorough debridement, avoiding of circulatory compromises of the flaps, effectively postoperative drainage, and the use of antibiotics were discussed. Four types of newly developed axial-pattern cutaneous flaps as well as a super-long latissimus dorsi-external oblique abdominis-rectus abdominis combined musculocutaneous flaps were presented.     

活体顺序性荧光标记技术在实验性骨折愈合研究中的应用

目的介绍实验性骨折愈合研究中活体顺序性荧光标记的技术与方法。方法以成年兔胫骨骨折外固定为模型，术后分别以Tetracydin(TC，黄色，25mg／kg)、Calcein(CG，绿色，10mg／kg)、Xylenal(XO，桔色，90mg／kg)、Alizarin—complen(AE，红色，30mg／kg)四种荧光染料于兔颈部皮下定期注射；并于术后第3、6、12及24周活杀动物，解剖出胫骨，梯度乙醇脱水、脱脂，甲基丙烯酸甲脂包埋，切片厚度40～100μm，打磨，荧光显微镜下观察、摄像；同时通过组织学观察、X线摄片了解骨愈合速度与质量。结果顺序性荧光标记显示，加压组中钙化的内、外骨痴均于术后第2周出现于截骨处的远、近断端，但尚未形成骨性连接。亦无骨皮质的改建。外骨痴增生停止于术后12周，且骨皮质的改建至12周已渐减少．至术后24周已基本完成；对照组：内骨痴于术后第3周出现于截骨处远、近断端，无钙化的外骨痴形成，亦无骨皮质的改建；外骨痂增生停止于术后12周，骨皮质改建至24周尚未完成，其结果与组织学观察、X线摄片具有一致性。结论活体顺序性荧光标记技术可以从细胞水平判断新骨的开始时间、骨生长速度及生长方向，并能节约实验动物数量，是实验性骨折愈合研究中较为理想的研究手段。     

肱骨髁间骨折的手术治疗及疗效评价

目的 探讨肱骨髁间骨折的手术方式并评价疗效。方法 1998年1月～2004年12月共手术治疗肱骨髁间骨折28例，进行随访分析。结果 28例中26例获随访，时间6个月～4年7个月，其中22例获2年以上随访。疗效评价参照casse‰。评分系统，优良率为65％。结论 骨折类型及手术方式直接影响预后。关节良好的复位和牢固的固定，以及术后早期积极的功能锻炼是得到良好疗效的保证。     

Image features of two rare mediastinal tumors: schwannoma of intrathoracic phrenic nerve and clear cell chondrosarcoma of the rib

The current report focuses on two patients of the same age who presented similar appearances on initial anteroposterior chest images. Follow-up images showed superoanterior and superoposterior mediastinal lesions. The first patient with noninvasive cystic thymoma was suspected before surgery, while the pathologic diagnosis was intrathoracic phrenic nerve schwannoma. The second patient was with an asymmetric, dumbbell-shaped paravertebral tumor over T3 and T4 on the left side. The preoperative…