用SYBR Green I实时逆转录-聚合酶链反应定量检测人、小鼠精子中CatSper1 mRNA

目的:建立并优化SYBR GreenI实时RT-PCR体系,定量检测人、小鼠成熟精子中的CatSper1 mRNA。方法:用TRIzol分别提取人、小鼠成熟精子中的总RNA,逆转录后用SYBR GreenI实时PCR定量检测CatSper1 mRNA。SYBR GreenI实时PCR采用普通PCR试剂,加入SYBR GreenI染料,优化退火温度、Mg2+浓度及上、下游引物比例,并在PCR循环时采用四步法以消除引物二聚体的影响。优化完成后用不同浓度的精子cDNA为模板做标准曲线,以检测SYBR GreenI实时PCR的扩增效率。结果:定量检测CatSper1 mRNA的SYBR GreenI实时PCR体系适宜退火温度、Mg2+浓度及上、下游引物比例分别为63℃、3.0mmol/L和1∶1,四步法中采集荧光的温度为88℃。优化后用人和小鼠精子cDNA为模板做标准曲线分别为Y=-3.402log(X)+25.99和Y=-3.409log(X)+24.09,扩增效率分别为96.8%和96.5%,可定量检测人、小鼠成熟精子中的CatSper1 mRNA。结论:用普通的逆转录及PCR系统和试剂,建立了一种方便、廉价、可靠的SYBR GreenI实时荧光定量RT-PCR系统,可用于人、小鼠精子中CatSper1 mRNA定量检测。     

蛋白质组学与骨科疾病

蛋白质组学技术在骨科疾病中的应用研究已取得一些可喜的进步.蛋白质组学技术可鉴定人骨关节软骨分泌释放的新蛋白,为大样本人骨关节软骨的系统研究提供了一条可行的技术路线;可用于研究雌激素在骨蛋白质表达中的作用,为阐明雌激素丢失相关骨质疏松症的分子机制提供了实验依据;可鉴定人骨肉瘤细胞和成熟成骨细胞之间的蛋白质组差别,为研究骨肉瘤增生分化机制提供了技术手段.蛋白质组学技术可从整体水平上探究脊髓损伤这类多基因、多蛋白参与的损伤修复过程,还可用于研究椎间盘软骨细胞外基质小分子蛋白功能及在椎间盘病变中的改变等.该文就相关研究进展作一综述.     

棉织布与无纺布尘埃粒子数及抗渗液性能比较研究

目的比较棉织布与无纺布制作的手术衣和手术洞巾等在手术铺巾时空气中的尘埃粒子数及术中抗渗液性能，为有效控制外科切口感染和预防医患交叉感染提供参考。方法将棉织布与无纺布制作的手术布类各备15包，包内内容均相同，经灭菌处理。应用尘埃粒子计数仪测定两组铺巾时、铺巾后及收巾时空气中的尘埃粒子数，同时在手术过程中观察其抗渗液性能。结果无纺布组在铺巾时、铺巾后及收巾时产生的尘埃粒子数显著少于棉织布组（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）；其抗渗液率为100％，而棉织布组为0。结论无纺布抗渗液性能优，可减少手术环境中的尘埃粒子数，从而控制外科切口感染；其阻隔防护效能对患者和医护人员具有双重保护作用。     

Sympathetic skin response in patients with myasthenia gravis★ A comparative analysis

BACKGROUND: The examination of sympathetic skin response is an important index for assessing the autonomic nerve function, and patients with myasthenia gravis are always accompanied by dysautonomia. Therefore, it will be important to know whether sympathetic skin response can be used as the index for the clinical evaluation of myasthenia gravis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic value of sympathetic skin response in the damage of autonomic nerve function of patients with myasthenia gravis. DESIGN: A case-controlled comparative observation. SETTING: Department of Neurology and Room of Nerve Electromyogram, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty outpatients or inpatients with myasthenia gravis were selected from the Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from May 2006 to May 2007, including 9 males and 21 females, aged 8–72 years with a mean age of (28±5) years old. They were all accorded with the diagnostic standards of myasthenia gravis, accompanied by different severity of autonomic nerve symptoms, including poor skin nutrition, sweating of hands and feet, pyknocardia, persistent hypotension, abdominal pain, constipation, etc. They all had not taken any drug affecting the autonomic nerve function before the examination. Informed consents were obtained from all the patients. Meanwhile, 30 healthy physical examinees were enrolled as the normal control group, including 10 males and 20 females, aged 10–75 years with a mean age of (31±5) years old. Approval was obtained from the hospital ethic committee. METHODS: After admission, the patients were examined with sympathetic skin response using DANTEC keypoint 2.0 electromyography evoked potential apparatus (Danmark). The changes of the latency and wave amplitude of sympathetic skin response were observed. The subjects in the normal control group were examined with the same methods at physical examination. Abnormality was judged by the disappearance of wave form, latency longer than that in the normal control group by Mean±2.5SD, or wave amplitude lower than the average value in the normal control group by 50%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The results of the latency and wave amplitude of sympathetic skin response were compared between the patients with myasthenia gravis and normal controls. RESULTS: All the 30 patients with myasthenia gravis and 30 healthy physical examinees were involved in the final analysis of results. There were no significant differences between the left and right upper and lower limbs in both the myasthenia gravis group and normal control group (P > 0.05). In the myasthenia gravis group, the abnormal rate of sympathetic skin response was 37% (11/30), the latency was prolonged and the wave amplitude was decreased as compared with those in the normal control group, and there were significant differences (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Sympathetic skin response can be used as an electrophysiological index for judging the damages of autonomic nerve function in patients with myasthenia gravis.     

腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术126例3年随访结果

目的 探讨腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术(Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy,LRP)治疗局限性前列腺癌的技术可行性和疗效.方法 2000年10月～2004年5月由中山大学附属第三医院泌尿外科同一手术医师对连续126例局限性前列腺癌患者实施经腹LRP.患者平均年龄(62.51±6.7)岁,平均术前PSA(13.36±10.14) ng/ml;临床分期中T1c期占17.46%(22/126),T2a期占48.41%(61/126),T2b期占23.81%(30/126),T2c期占10.32%(13/126).结果 126例手术均获成功,无1例中转开放手术.手术时间110～660 min,平均(250.28±79.44) min;术中出血量150～1 100 ml,平均(354.05±106.13) ml.主要的并发症包括直肠损伤3例(2.38%)、输尿管损伤2例(1.59%).术后切缘阳性率20.63%,在PT2a、PT2b、PT2c、PT3a、PT3b中分别为5.26%(3/57)、26.92%(7/26)、32.14%(9/28)、44.44%(4/9)、50.00%(3/6).术后126例均获得随访,随访时间为36～81个月,平均(55.69±11.81)个月.5年无生化复发率为71%,在PT2和PT3中分别为75%及43%.所有病例6个月内PSA降低至0.2 ng/ml以下;20.63%(26/126)生化复发,平均复发时间为38.19个月(12～60个月).拔管后99例(78.6%)控尿满意,半年完全控尿率达92.6%,1年时达97.8%,3年后所有病例控尿满意,仅2例腹压增加时需尿垫保护,但不超过1块/24 h.保留单侧或双侧性神经者术后6个月80.56%(37/46)获得阴茎满意勃起.结论 我们的结果与国外文献报道的LRP结果相似,表明我们的LRP技术安全、可行.在中国LRP成为治疗早期前列腺癌标准术式之一,随着LRP手术病例数增加和经验积累,还能进一步缩短手术时间、减少手术失血量、手术切缘阳性率和手术并发症.     

营养素食预防化疗患者便秘的效果观察

目的 观察营养素食预防化疗患者便秘的效果。方法 选择128例化疗患者，随机分为观察组和对照组各61例，对照组常规正常饮食，观察组于化疗开始当天实施营养素食．连续7～10d，比较两组患者便秘发生率及体重、血红蛋白、白蛋白等指标。结果　对照组便秘发生率显著高于观察组（P〈0．01）；两组化疗后营养指标比较，差异无显著性意义（均P〉0．05）。结论　营养素食对化疗患者便秘有较好的预防作用。     

无线网络在医疗上的新应用

随着HIS应用的不断深入和应用需求的不断增加,特别是我国在经历SARS之后,传统有线局域网的不足已显现出来.作为医院有线局域网的补充,无线局域网络有效地克服了有线网络的弊端,在病区查房、床边护理、呼叫通信、护理监控、药品配送与管理等方面逐步得到应用.无线网络在医疗上的新应用,对提高医护人员工作效率和救治质量发挥了越来越重要的作用.     

桡骨远端骨折不同治疗方法临床疗效比较

[目的]探讨不同分型桡骨远端骨折的有效治疗方法.[方法]分析236例桡骨远端骨折的治疗,根据AO分型为A、B、C 3型,分别采用闭合手法复位中医小夹板外固定及石膏外固定、切开复位＂T＂形钢板内固定3种固定方法,分别进行骨折的复位评分、功能评分,并比较不同固定方法之间复位评分及功能评分优良率.[结果]236例病人术后均获随访,随访时间6～20个月,平均14.6个月.3组当中A、B型骨折复位评分优良率无显著性差别,功能评分小夹板外固定组及＂T＂形钢板内固定组优良率明显优于石膏外固定组,功能评分小夹板外固定组和＂T＂形钢板内固定组比较优良率无显著性差别;C组当中无论是复位评分还是功能评分,＂T＂形钢板内固定组优良率明显优于其它2组.[结论]对于C型骨折,建议行骨折切开复位内固定;对于A、B型骨折,闭合手法复位小夹板外固定能取得较好的临床疗效.     

汶川大地震后送伤病员病情特点及救治要点

2008年5月12日发生的汶川里氏8．0级地震造成37万余人受伤，近90％为肢体创伤病员。其中，10％-15％患者伴有颅面、胸腹部等处创伤。我院于2008年5月23日及28日分两批收治47名震区空运伤病员，其中骨科伤病员41例。本文针对我院接收的41例骨科伤病员的入院时病情特点、治疗措施及原则等作一简要总结。     

支气管扩张症辨证模式初探

目的:探讨支气管扩张症的中医辨证分型规律及证候特点.方法:通过对563例支气管扩张症的临床流行病学调查,采集以症状、体征、舌、脉及相关理化检测为变量的基本信息,以频数分析、聚类分析、方差分析等方法,提炼支气管扩张症的证候分布规律及证候特点.结果:临床上支气管扩张症多见4种证候类型,分别为痰热壅肺证(45.65%)、肝火犯肺证(24.51%)、肺脾气虚证(22.38%)、气阴两虚证(7.46%).结论:较大样本的临床流行病学调查为研究支气管扩张症辨证分型规律提供了科学依据,并可以通过主症判别分析法建立证候识别模式,为临床实践提供依据.